Real Person Research Articles

Effectiveness of Virtual Simulations Versus Mannequins and Real Persons in Medical and Nursing Education: Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Virtual simulation (VS) is a developing education approach with the recreation of reality using digital technology. The teaching effectiveness of VSs compared to mannequins and real persons (RPs) has never been investigated in medical and nursing education. This study aims to compare VSs and mannequins or RPs in improving the following clinical competencies: knowledge, procedural skills, clinical reasoning, and communication skills. Following Cochrane methodology, a meta-analysis was conducted on the effectiveness of VSs in pre- and postregistration medical or nursing participants. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Educational Resource Information Centre databases were searched to identify English-written randomized controlled trials up to August 2024. Two authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. All pooled estimates were based on random-effects models and assessed by trial sequential analyses. Leave-one-out, subgroup, and univariate meta-regression analyses were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. A total of 27 studies with 1480 participants were included. Overall, there were no significant differences between VSs and mannequins or RPs in improving knowledge (standard mean difference [SMD]=0.08; 95% CI -0.30 to 0.47; I2=67%; P=.002), procedural skills (SMD=-0.12; 95% CI -0.47 to 0.23; I2=75%; P<.001), clinical reasoning (SMD=0.29; 95% CI -0.26 to 0.85; I2=88%; P<.001), and communication skills (SMD=-0.02; 95% CI: -0.62 to 0.58; I2=86%; P<.001). Trial sequential analysis for clinical reasoning indicated an insufficient sample size for a definitive judgment. For procedural skills, subgroup analyses showed that VSs were less effective among nursing participants (SMD=-0.55; 95% CI -1.07 to -0.03; I2=69%; P=.04). Univariate meta-regression detected a positive effect of publication year (β=.09; P=.02) on communication skill scores. Given favorable cost-utility plus high flexibility regarding time and space, VSs are viable alternatives to traditional face-to-face learning modalities. The comparative effectiveness of VSs deserves to be followed up with the emergence of new technology. In addition, further investigation of VSs with different design features will provide novel insights to drive education reform. PROSPERO CRD42023466622; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=466622.

3D human model guided pose transfer via progressive flow prediction network

Human pose transfer is to transfer a conditional person image to a new target pose. The difficulty lies in modeling the large-scale spatial deformation from the conditional pose to the target one. However, the commonly used 2D data representations and one-step flow prediction scheme lead to unreliable deformation prediction because of the lack of 3D information guidance and the great changes in the pose transfer. Therefore, to bring the original 3D motion information into human pose transfer, we propose to simulate the generation process of real person image. We drive the 3D human model reconstructed from the conditional person image with the target pose and project it to the 2D plane. The 2D projection thereby inherits the 3D information of the poses which can guide the flow prediction. Furthermore, we propose a progressive flow prediction network consisting of two streams. One stream is to predict the flow by decomposing the complex pose transformation into multiple sub-transformations. The other is to generate the features of the target image according to the predicted flow. Besides, to enhance the reliability of the generated invisible regions, we use the target pose information which contains structural information from the flow prediction stream as the supplementary information to the feature generation. The synthesized images with accurate depth information and sharp details demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Leveraging Big Data and AI for Optimizing Digital Marketing Strategies: A Data-driven Approach

In this paper, the author discusses how big data and AI can improve the rate of conversion, engagement, and ROI in digital marketing through ’big data’ techniques in improving the effectiveness of the marketing mix. In this study, by counting and comparing campaigns from different industries, the researcher establishes that three strategies facilitated by AI have a positive impact on marketing- predictive analytics, real time personalization and segmentation. Findings further show that some industries such as e-commerce and the financial industry benefit most from these technologies, yet in other areas like the healthcare industry, regulatory issues prevent substantial results. The insights reveal how embedding of AI in the digital marketing strategy give companies a competitive advantage while the aspects of ethics such as data protection cannot be overlooked. Finally, the research study calls attention to the role of AI and big data in developing better, engaging, and relevant digital marketing solutions.

There is No Scarcity Problem

Recently, John Danaher and Sven Nyholm argued that partial “digital duplicates” of real persons (simulations and imitations) prima facie makes the real person less valuable because they become less scarce. They call this the “scarcity problem.” If true, this thesis is amongst the most important insights in ethics of technology because of the simplicity of duplication. However, based on an analysis of their argument, I suggest that the thesis has no support.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Ethical Relationship of Virtual Cadavers

Dear Editors, The advancement of technology has led to a transformation in medical education. At this stage, the ethical considerations surrounding the use of cadavers in medical education are particularly intriguing. Nowadays, it is possible to digitally recreate real cadavers with virtual content. Such materials are referred to as virtual cadavers in the literature. Just like with real cadavers, the use of images of donors in virtual cadavers is subject to ethical permissions. At this point, the use of artificial intelligence tools comes to the forefront. The use of cadavers in medical education has been a traditional method for many years. The use of cadavers in medical education is a critical component for students to develop their understanding of human anatomy and clinical skills. Cadaver dissection provides medical students with the opportunity to learn the structure of the human body in detail, allowing them to translate theoretical knowledge into practical application. Additionally, it provides students with the opportunity for clinical experience. The use of cadavers in medical education helps students develop professional skills by providing them with practical experience on a real body (Erbay et al., 2015). Cadavers are obtained from human donors. In our country, there are various problems regarding cadaver donation rates. Cadaver donation is extremely low in our country, making it difficult for medical faculty students to access cadavers (Şeker et al., 2013). On average, there is only one cadaver for every 20 students studying at medical faculties in our country. It is even challenging to find 1-2 cadavers in departments of anatomy (Kürkçüoğlu et al., 2021). Additionally, there are issues arising from the irreversible nature of procedures performed on cadavers. Due to such reasons, studies related to virtual cadavers in digital environments have become increasingly important. Virtual cadavers represent an important solution brought about by technology in the field of medicine and generally in health education. Through the use of virtual cadavers, procedures that are difficult or even impossible to perform repeatedly on real cadavers can be achieved. Additionally, virtual cadaver modeling eliminates the possibility of tissue degradation. Desired tissues, systems, and structures can be modeled in a manner closely resembling reality. In addition to providing unlimited repetition capabilities, virtual cadavers revolutionize the use of cadavers by offering access at any desired time (Gürcan, 2018). The development of virtual cadavers poses certain challenges. For instance, the use of programs like Unity and Blender is necessary in the process of developing organs and structures. Besides the requirement of knowing how to use such programs, extensive hours are needed to create a model. Additionally, if virtual cadaver images are intended to be realistic, there are also some issues to address. The usage and dissemination of virtual cadaver contents obtained from real cadaver images on the internet are subject to ethical considerations. Just like with real cadavers, obtaining permission from the legal heirs of the donor is necessary when using images of donors in virtual cadavers. Artificial intelligence (AI) was first defined in 1956. McCarthy (2004) defined artificial intelligence as the task of creating human-like intelligent machines and intelligent computer programs (Arslan, 2020). AI has become increasingly popular in recent times, both as natural language processing models and in the field of image processing. With the use of AI tools, it is possible to generate visual and textual content without the need for detailed software and programming knowledge. It is even possible to create videos consisting of unreal images but resembling real ones. At this stage, the use of AI tools is considered important for virtual cadavers. By using AI visual generation tools, content that can be used in virtual cadavers can be easily created. Thus, virtual cadaver examples that are indistinguishable from real cadaver images but do not belong to a real person can be obtained. At this point, it is important for medical education and healthcare professionals to ethically examine this situation.

Language matters: what can social workers learn from the transgender community?

ABSTRACT Questions of language and its contribution to constructing and preserving the social order have gradually entered social work research. This paper seeks to add to this professional scholarship by examining the concrete impact of language usage on real persons in everyday interactions. It is based on an interview study with eleven members of the transgender community in Israel and anchored in the feminist social work perspective. Transgender individuals challenge seemingly natural social conventions and do not necessarily conform to expected coherency between biology and gender. Since most Hebrew grammatical forms make clear distinctions based on gender, these individuals often lack adequate means for conducting a dialogue consistent with their sense of self. The interviewees’ descriptions highlight the pivotal role Hebrew plays in realizing their identity, thus providing a better opportunity for enhancing our understanding of the strategic power of language than the discourse of members of predominant social groups. These findings have potential implications for social work teaching and practice, especially in relation to undoing injustice.

Determining the Relationships between Newly Established Logistics Enterprises in Turkey Based on Foreign Trade Volume and Legal Status

The purpose of this study is to determine how newly established logistics businesses (NELB) in Turkey affect foreign trade volume. Additionally, it aims to identify the relationships between NELB and businesses based on their legal status. The data used in this research, covering the years 2013-2021, were gathered from the open-access sites of the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK). IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software was used to analyze the data. The Pearson Correlation analysis method was chosen to evaluate the relationships between variables. According to the analysis results, NELB has a strong positive effect on Turkey's foreign trade volume (Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.03 and Pearson Correlation = 0.857**). Additionally, there is a strong positive relationship between NELB and businesses categorized as "real person" (Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.01 and Pearson Correlation = 0.887**) and "limited company" (Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.016 and Pearson Correlation = 0.767**), based on their legal status. However, no relationship was found between businesses with legal statuses such as ordinary partnership, joint-stock company, cooperative, and other types.

Unknow biography of Salomėja Neris. Critical publication.

Although “the life of Salomėja Nėris” is better documented than that of any other Lithuanian woman (and better than that of any other writer)”, this is far from meaning that everything is known about her biography. On the contrary, it sometimes seems that her image, the almost mythical figure of the poet, shaped by the times, hinders the recognition of Nėris as a real person, a historical personality. We will probably never know exactly why this active member of the Lithuanian Catholic Federation Ateitis suddenly embraced leftist ideas, nor will we ever know what her true attitude to Soviet reality was, especially after the deportations in June 1941. Perhaps she herself would not have been able to give an unequivocal answer.

The “Galenic Question”: A Solution Based on Historical Sources and a Mathematical Analysis of Texts

How many different writers authored the huge number of texts attributed to Galen of Pergamum (129~216 Anno Domini (AD)), medical doctor and philosopher, a giant in the history of medicine? The quest to find out which texts were his and which ones were written by others is known as the “Galenic Question”. We propose a “solution” to it through a multidisciplinary approach based (a) on historical research and (b) on a mathematical analysis of the Greek texts. The historical approach considers historical independent sources and anachronisms. The mathematical approach is based on a mathematical theory concerning deep language variables, rarely consciously controlled by any author, and is therefore capable of giving indications on the similarity of texts, with little or no bias. The multidisciplinary approach has convinced us that at least three authors wrote the texts attributed to Galen. The first two were very likely real historical persons: (a) a certain Galen living between the end of the I century Before Christ (BC) and the second half of the I century AD, and (b) the historical Galen of Pergamum (II–III centuries AD). We believe the third (c) to be represented by several unknown authors hiding under the name Galen, but likely living after Galen of Pergamum’s death.

CULTURAL STANDARDS OF MODESTY IN THE RUSSIAN AND CHINESE LANGUAGES

The article examines cultural standards of modesty in the Russian and Chinese languages. The study is based on dictionaries and text corpora of two languages. The purpose of the work is to determine universal and nationally specific features in the formation of cultural standards of modesty in the Russian and Chinese languages. The object of the study is modesty as a traditional value of Russian and Chinese linguistic cultures. Modesty is encoded using cultural standards that reflect the essential features of modesty as a sociocultural value that characterizes Russian and Chinese cultures. The study found that in the Russian language, modesty, which is predominantly gender-based, is mainly associated with the image of a girl (woman). Modesty as a universal human quality is realized contradictorily: 1) “the modesty of a hero, a real person” and 2) “the modesty of a quiet, timid, dependent person.” In Chinese linguistic culture, “modesty” occupies a strong position, and its “standard” implementation, determined by the ideas of Confucius, is an integral part not only of etiquette, but also the worldview of the Chinese. In the Chinese language, the “standard” implementation of modesty, defined by the ideas of Confucius, is an integral part of etiquette. The Chinese modesty system is associated with natural objects and plant images that are of great importance to Chinese culture. The results of this study can be used in lexicographic practice and in teaching Russian and Chinese languages.

Personality Rights and Real Person Fictions: Do The Real Person Get a Say?

In this rapidly evolving world individuals have found various ways to express themselves and share that part of them with the world. In this modern age anyone with smart device and an internet connect can become a celebrity and with the same items anyone can create fictional works that are based on those and other celebrities. These creations are generally referred to as Real Person Fictions (RPFs). RPFs can bem short stories, poems, artworks and even full length novels. These works help creators practice their craft, bond with a community and break the bounds of reality but what happens if this right of the author to express themselves starts interfering with the real person’s right to publicity and privacy? Celebrities have expressed the implication of harmful portrayals in these RPFs which have had real life implications. The growing trend of commercializing RPFs on a big scale adds an incentive to look into this issueand address it as a bud. The concept of personality right is well established in India however the lack of codification of the same has led to contradictory judgments and blurred lines of boundaries. In this regard this article attempts to address the issue of personalityright or the right to publicity when it comes to real person fictions. This paper is divided in three parts. The first part deals with definition of real person fictions and how it differs from the existing classifications of fictional creations. The second part analyzes the efficiency of existing Indian laws when it comes to governing RPFs and the implication of the same. The third chapter provides informed suggestions for an enactment to govern personality right in India.

Philosophy of education, from the epistemological turn to the paradox of pedagogical goals

Through this research paper in the philosophy of education, I try to clarify the close link between the intellectual and scientific revolution with education as the pivotal link of the Enlightenment, that epistemological turn in Europe after the Renaissance and Reformation, and entering the modern era with means and methods completely different from those that prevailed in the Middle Ages, according to which the mind and its faculties are used in everything, and this is only through education, which needed to be renewed according to the modern perspective seeking not only knowledge, but also the real person behind those artificial formations imposed by human tradition.

Children and adults produce distinct technology- and human-directed speech

This study compares how English-speaking adults and children from the United States adapt their speech when talking to a real person and a smart speaker (Amazon Alexa) in a psycholinguistic experiment. Overall, participants produced more effortful speech when talking to a device (longer duration and higher pitch). These differences also varied by age: children produced even higher pitch in device-directed speech, suggesting a stronger expectation to be misunderstood by the system. In support of this, we see that after a staged recognition error by the device, children increased pitch even more. Furthermore, both adults and children displayed the same degree of variation in their responses for whether “Alexa seems like a real person or not”, further indicating that children’s conceptualization of the system’s competence shaped their register adjustments, rather than an increased anthropomorphism response. This work speaks to models on the mechanisms underlying speech production, and human–computer interaction frameworks, providing support for routinized theories of spoken interaction with technology.

GPT-4o is more like a real person: potentials in surgical oncology.

GPT-4o is more like a real person: potentials in surgical oncology.

Perception and Evaluation of Text from an Interview with a Real Person and an Interview with an Artificial Intelligence

The article presents a study of perception, understanding and evaluation of two interviews, the first one is performed with a real person (from an expert source), and the second is generated by the ChatGPT artificial intelligence (AI). The study covers 84 participants between the ages of 20 and 23, students in “Psychology”, “Bulgarian Philology”, “Slavic Philology”, and “Russian Philology” from the Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”. The research design is of the “between-group” type (in this case, two-group). The first experimental group consisted of 40 subjects evaluates the interview with a real celebrity. The second experimental group consisted of 44 subjects evaluates the interview taken by an artificial intelligence. Both interviews consisted of ten identical questions and ten corresponding answers. Each of the ten answers is evaluated by the participants using a Likert Scale composed of 5-point score scales, each of which is “continuous” with 11 possible answer positions (from “0” to “10”), as follows: [1] inadequate / fully adequate; [2] non-specific (general) / completely specific; [3] non-exhaustive / fully exhaustive; [4] questionable / completely realistic; and [5] unsatisfactory / 10-completely satisfactory. A statistical analysis was made by a two-group test (Two Sample T-Test Unequal Variance). It was established that: consolidated answers (series of maximum ratings) when working with the “artificial” interview; in two of the ten questions asked, a statistically significant difference was observed in favor of the artificial text; in one of the questions, a statistically significant difference is observed in favor of the real interview; no difference in emotional impact and interest in summary assessment of the both pieces of text.

Цифровая идентичность как условие бытия человека в цифровом обществе

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problem of digital identity. The development of the information society and digitalization processes poses to each Internet user the challenge of matching the digital profile to its real owner. There is often a big difference between a real person and his digital avatars, which leads not only to confusion and ambiguous perception of the narrator and the author by the other, but also to depersonalization of the author. Theoretical analysis. Having a digital identity allows you to successfully self-realize in the virtual space and in the real world, be it finding a job or finding a life partner. However, the development of artificial intelligence and neural networks makes it possible to create many fakes, impersonate one narrator for another, and replace the image of the author. On the other hand, the author’s desire to create a different virtual image for himself due to a number of complexes or intrigues can lead to a split personality. Conclusion. Modern digitalization processes lead to the awareness of the need for digital identity. The formation of digital identity can take place both in an authoritarian way and in a softer educational way. In any case, its presence will give the user of the digital environment undeniable advantages in personal and professional activities.

Розвиток творчого самовираження дітей дошкільного віку засобами альтернативних прийомів малювання

The article reveals the pedagogical potential of visual arts as a means of creative self-expression of preschool children. The directions of the formation of aesthetic culture in the education of preschoolers, which is important in the modern educational environment, are considered; «concepts of self-expression», «creative self-expression», «personal self-expression»; the connection between the desire for recognition, self-realization of the individual and self-expression. The use of non-traditional drawing methods for the development of creative abilities of preschoolers and its impact on the general development of preschool children, which is an important part of the educational process, is substantiated; the use of art, in particular fine art, plays an important role, reflects and summarizes the emotional attitude to life in a figurative and colorful form, reveals the psychological and pedagogical foundations of the formation of the aesthetic attitude of children to art during creative activity. Methodological recommendations for the organization of the process of aesthetic education and artistic space in the preschool education institution are presented; the mechanism of using the experience of artistic and creative activities of preschool children in the process of using non-traditional techniques and alternative methods of drawing is revealed. A study of the use of non-traditional drawing techniques as a means of activating the creative self-expression of older preschool children was conducted. Peculiarities of preschool children – the first stage of real personality formation, culture formation, the ability to verbalize their life experiences and express valuable attitudes towards others, as well as the development of the ability to creatively perceive the surrounding world, as well as the tendency to self-expression that manifests itself at an early age due to the desire to freedom of movement and creative efforts. The results of the positive dynamics of the use of non-traditional drawing methods for the development of creative abilities of preschoolers are considered; artistic activity aimed at forming moral and aesthetic qualities and the foundations of artistic culture in children; owning certain artistic means of expression and using them to express one's feelings, outlook and creative ideas; providing education and learning through art. The organization of creative and developmental work with children for the purpose of forming self-expression, which consists in activating participation in various types and forms of artistic and creative activities, such as musical, artistic and speech, visual, pictorial, decorative and applied, and theatrical, is highlighted.

The image of Neoptolemus in the genealogy of the Molossian Aeacidae

Some regions of Ancient Hellas, located on the border of the barbarian and Greek worlds and lagging behind in political and cultural terms, sought to prove their «Greek» origin in one way or another. This was especially true of the royal dynasties, which, deriving their genealogy from mythical heroes, thereby substantiated their claims to Greek origin. A similar example is the Molossian dynasty of the Aeacids, ruling in Epirus, which traced its origins to the mythical hero Neoptolemus, son of Achilles. This happened at a time when Epirus and the ruling dynasty emerged from the historical shadows and began to participate more actively in pan-Greek affairs. The main source for this was the stories from the Trojan War, telling of the return of the heroes after the defeat of Troy. Often, representatives of the royal dynasty were given the names of mythical heroes at birth, which was supposed to serve as confirmation of their high origin. Over time, the genealogy of the Molossian kings was supplemented and expanded by introducing new mythological persons. During the reign of King Pyrrhus, his wife Lanassa was included in the heroic genealogy of the Molossian kings. The name Neoptolemus was also borne by two real persons in Epirus history, but their fates were not happy.

Accounting profession and digital technologies: threats and reality

Nowadays, it is not uncommon to hear words that the accountant profession may disappear from the labor market. Similar statements are being made by officials from the Ministry of Economic Development and the Ministry of Finance of Russia. Experts believe that an accountant can be replaced by artificial intelligence. In the age of technological progress, such statements can be considered justified, but information technology can make mistakes that, due to its professionalism, only a real person can detect. In addition, businesses need a professional who is able to interpret and analyze data obtained using new digital technologies, build a control system and give an expert assessment of the work of the neural network itself. The article discusses the issues of the future of the accounting profession, taking into account the opinions of students of the Omsk State University of Railway Engineering.

SMART CAMPUS BOT

A chat-bots aims to make a conversation between both human and machine.The machine has been embedded knowledge to identify the sentences and making a decision itself as a response to answer a question. Chat-bots will becompletely based on a text-based user interface, allowing the user to type commands and receive text as well as text to speech response.Chat-bots are usually stateful services, remembering previous commands in order to provide functionality. It can be utilized securely by an even largeraudience when chat-bots technology is integrated with popular web services. The college inquiry chat-bots will be built using artificial algorithms that analyze user's queries and understand user's message.The response principle is matching the input sentence from a user. The User can ask the question any college-related activities through the chat-bot without physically available to the college for inquiry. The System analyses the question and then answers to the user. With the help of artificial intelligence, the system answers the query asked by the students. The system replies using an effective Graphical User Interface as if a real person is talking to the user. The user just has to register himself to the system and has to login to the system. The chatbots consists of core and interface that is accessing in the Telegram by Ngrok. Natural language processing technologies are used for parsing, tokenizing, stemming and filtering the content of the complaint. Keywords— “Anaconda Prompt”,“College System,“Placement Information”, “Python”, “Rasa”, “Telegram User Interface”