Real Estate Law Research Articles

LawBot : From Documents to Answers, Unveiling A New Era In Real Estate Legal Assistance

In an era of technological advancement, the real estate sector is poised for a transformative leap with the introduction of an AI-powered chatbot that integrates LangChain technology and machine learning. The proposed method aims to redefine user experiences by providing comprehensive insights into land property, evaluating PDF documents, and offering invaluable guidance on real estate law. The core objectives of this endeavor are twofold : to enhance user trust and to optimize profitability within the real estate industry. Leveraging cutting-edge AI capabilities, our chatbot promises precision in legal knowledge and personalized interactions using Large Language Models (LLMS) and NLP driven approaches, ultimately reshaping the way individuals and businesses navigate the real estate landscape. Keywords - LangChain, AI, Chatbot, Real Estate, Large Language Models, NLP.

Visual Perception of Property Rights in 3D

Despite the already advanced work on the construction of jurisdictional 3D cadastre models in many parts of the world and the technical feasibility of building very detailed 3D models of cities, relatively few specialists have focused on the aspects of visualizing property rights in three dimensions. Therefore, to complement the analyses carried out so far in this area, this research aims to investigate the perception of the visualization of multidimensional real estate data using different visual variables and by different audiences. The main contribution of the conducted research to the development of 3D cadastre visualizations is to start a discussion on the differences in their perception among real estate professionals and those who have no experience in this area and may have to use multidimensional property data. The research was conducted using a questionnaire-based survey method with the computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) technique. The questionnaire was completed by students of a course related to real estate law (geodetic science) and those who do not have regular contact with it (environmental engineering, medicine, sports, mechanics, and management). As a result of the survey, it emerged that the group studying geodetic science performed better on average than students in other fields of study. Additionally, the conducted survey confirmed the existing knowledge of the perception of the visualization of property rights in three dimensions. According to it, visualizations of property rights in 3D should use color. The use of transparency helps in visualisations made in grayscale but interferes with more complex colorful objects.

Associations among Historical Neighborhood Disinvestment, Hazardous Air Pollutants, and Current Adult Asthma Prevalence

Associations among Historical Neighborhood Disinvestment, Hazardous Air Pollutants, and Current Adult Asthma Prevalence

Consumer Centricity as a Delivery Strategy for Assets in the Real Estate Sector: An Analysis of the Framework and Interpretation of Law

Consumer centricity (C-C) in the Indian real estate sector has gained prominence since the introduction of the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act in 2016. For a growing economy such as India’s, with significant dependence on the construction industry to catalyze economic development, real estate consumerism is of vital importance to spearhead growth in the construction industry. This study critically examined the positioning of consumers in the Indian real estate sector over the years and to date in order to identify areas requiring interventions. Within the framework of the law, key factors defining and contributing to consumer centricity with regard to the delivery of real estate assets were identified. Various real estate sector–specific statutes were traced back along a timeline; they were assessed for the presence of the identified consumer-centric factors. The changes in legislative intent over time were coupled with timely judicial interpretations of laws in courts and regulatory forums. Lastly statutes of significance to real estate asset delivery were probed for inherent loopholes in their frameworks. The growing impetus to consumer centricity both in the making and interpretation of real estate laws was clearly established in the present study. However, existing laws of importance to real estate asset delivery were identified to be contributors to the creation and preservation of an inherent imbalance in the design and power structure of the sector, to the detriment of consumers of real estate assets. The findings undoubtedly indicate that to stimulate growth in the construction industry, the need of the hour is to place consumer centricity at the heart of affairs through the correction of inherent loopholes in the framework of law governing real estate asset delivery.

„Area” in proceedings of building conditions decision in judegements of administrative court. Critical notes

In the paper presents the practical problem connected to application of Space Planning and Development Act regulations is presented. The dispute is focused on the meaning of term „area” which is used in contex of building conditions decision proceedings. Where the most important is relations between terms „area” and „site”. The author presents legal regulations which are in force now and describes possible ways of resolving the problem. Interpretational problems with main terms of real estate law are discussed. Moreover three judicatory lines focused on the problem which were made by administrative courts are also presented in the paper. Author also proposes the critics of tchem. In the article are included notes about theory of law and instruments of it which are usefull in resolving the problematic issue.

A Study on the Improvement of Real Estate Law and Planning System after COVID-19

본 연구의 목적은 코로나19 이후 도시변화에 전반적으로 대응하기 위해 기존 부동산법제의 개선방안과 정책적 시사점을 도출하는 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저 역대 주요 감염병 발생과 이에 따른 도시계획적 조치들에 대해 살펴보고, 코로나19 출몰 전후의 부동산시장의 주요 경향을 분석함으로써 이를 반영한 향후 부동산제도의 개선방향을 모색하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서는 최근 변화하고 있는 부동산시장의 새로운 흐름을 반영하여 부동산공법 분야를 중심으로 도시관리계획제도의 큰 방향성과 실행방안을 제안하였다. 첫째, 도시계획 정비기간의 기간 단축에 대한 논의가 필요하다. 둘째, 스마트도시법을 특별법으로 전환하고 사업범위에 경제자유구역사업도 포함함으로써 스마트도시 도입을 확대할 수 있다. 셋째, 프롭테크 산업의 활성화를 위한 특별법 제정과 관련 스타트업 기업들에 대한 세제감면 및 보조금 등의 인센티브제를 마련함으로써 프롭테크 산업의 활성화를 기대할 수 있다.

Preface: Gerald Korngold and Paul Goldstein, Real Estate Transactions: Cases and Materials on Land Transfer, Development and Finance (7th Ed. 2021)

This new edition of Korngold and Goldstein, Real Estate Transactions: Cases and Materials on Land Transfer, Development and Finance examines both foundational doctrines and emerging trends in real estate lawyering. In particular, the book considers the effects of recent events on the practice of real estate law; such events include the financial and mortgage crisis, advances in technology, a growing focus on racial equity in real estate ownership and access to funding, the greening of real estate investing and operations, the major reshaping of the retail sector and its footprint, and the COVID-19 pandemic. The book also emphasizes a transactional approach. Successful real estate lawyers seek to represent their client's interests while working to align the interests of the various parties to the deal. In this way, people can come together and close a transaction that will serve all of their goals, at least well enough. Rather than focusing on litigating pathological transactions, students are asked to approach the materials in the book and accompanying supplement from a planning and forward-looking perspective. Using forms in the supplement and materials in the notes following the readings, the students are challenged to consider how deals would have come out differently if alternative documents had been used. They are also asked how they would have altered the presented documents to get a better result for clients. The book underscores that command of fundamental legal principles, an understanding of the influence of changes in the economic, business, social, and technological contexts, and a transactional mindset are essential for mastery of the field of real estate law.

Situating real estate law for the new outer-space economy

PurposeWith current commercial space activities accelerating, the purpose of this paper is to contexualise enlivening the discipline of real estate law for outer space.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on essential topics in real estate law, contracts and insurance, this paper discusses these themes in their terrestrial and extra-terrestrial contexts.FindingsReal estate law for the outer space environment carries many similarities to real estate law but also significant differences. At this early stage in human space exploration and travel, there is a need to deal more with goods/chattels (property assets); however, this will change as land – the Moon, asteroids, planets – are made available for mining and other activities. Given outer space activities carry high risk for spacecraft and humans, there are reciprocal lessons for real estate law and practice.Practical implicationsReal estate law for outer space is an area already in existence. However, as access to space develops further, particularly with inevitable human presence on the Moon and exploration to Mars, real estate law will also grow in importance and sophistication. Real estate law for outer space relies on contract and property law. These are levers for commercial activities, and a further array of complex law and governance – the Outer Space Treaties, international and national law, international custom, guidelines, codes and standards. Real estate law for space will require an interdisciplinary and global approach in an era where human needs are already reliant on goods and services derived from space, as well as in the quest for exploration beyond the earth and the moon itself.Originality/valueThe time is ripe for space law to be taken into nuanced areas, with real estate law being an important step. Entrenched into the combined real estate and outer space disciplinary context must be consideration of the environment (earth and beyond), sustainability, heritage protection issues, etc., as well as ensuring outer space has equitable opportunities for all nations and citizens.

Perceptions of Academics on Real Estate Topics in Africa

Abstract This paper presents the perceptions of academics on real estate topics offered in Bachelors Real Estate (BRE) curricula in Africa. In order to understand the perceptions of academics on real estate topics, a survey of seven selected BRE curricula offered in different regions of Africa was conducted to determine important real estate topics academics included in the curricula. After analyzing the curricula, sorting and re-grouping the topics: Real estate management, Real estate valuation, Real estate economics, Real estate finance and investment, Real estate development, Real estate law, Real estate planning, Real estate research, Real estate industrial training and Real estate electives emerged to be important topics the academics considered to include in the curricula. The topics are in line with those expected in a real estate curriculum. In addition, results revealed that BRE curricula follow the interdisciplinary approach to real estate education. Findings will encourage universities in Africa and elsewhere to develop comprehensive real estate curricula or improve existing ones to accommodate the interdisciplinary approach and the international perspective of real estate education because of their benefits. The study will also support the harmonization of real estate education, practice, investment and business in Africa, hence contributing towards the economic development of the continent.

Learning Law Through Pleadings of the Rich and Infamous

Journal of Legal Studies EducationVolume 38, Issue 1 p. 5-35 Article Learning Law Through Pleadings of the Rich and Infamous Hilary Silvia, Corresponding Author Hilary Silvia J.D. hilary.silvia@csun.edu Hilary Silvia is an Assistant Professor of Business and Real Estate Law at California State University, Northridge. J.D., Loyola University, Chicago; BBA, University of Notre Dame. email: hilary.silvia@csun.eduSearch for more papers by this author Hilary Silvia, Corresponding Author Hilary Silvia J.D. hilary.silvia@csun.edu Hilary Silvia is an Assistant Professor of Business and Real Estate Law at California State University, Northridge. J.D., Loyola University, Chicago; BBA, University of Notre Dame. email: hilary.silvia@csun.eduSearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 February 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/jlse.12110 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume38, Issue1Winter 2021Pages 5-35 RelatedInformation

The Vital Two: Retail Innovation By Sol Price and Sam Walton

Sol Price and Sam Walton changed retail in the twentieth century. Price changed retail by combining knowledge he assembled from real estate law and from the firms he observed to find creative ways to innovate in discount retail. Walton too combined and redeployed knowledge—in some cases, knowledge he obtained by observing Price. Walton also used knowledge acquired from studying retail logistics to develop a supply chain that dramatically lowered costs and passed those savings onto consumers. Both succeeded by developing organizations that effectively deployed entrepreneurial judgment. Their careers provide informative examples of the judgment-based approach to entrepreneurship.

COPYRIGHT ISSUES IN A SLOT MACHINE: A CASE ANALYSIS OF ECLIPSE GAMING SYSTEMS, LLC v. ANTONUCCI

Gaming Law ReviewVol. 24, No. 2 CasesCOPYRIGHT ISSUES IN A SLOT MACHINE: A CASE ANALYSIS OF ECLIPSE GAMING SYSTEMS, LLC v. ANTONUCCISylvia (Yoo Jin) CheongSylvia (Yoo Jin) CheongSylvia Cheong is a first-year law student at the William S. Boyd School of Law, University of Nevada, Las Vegas. She is a member of the Gaming Law Society, the Sports and Entertainment Law Association, and Intellectual Property Law Society. She practiced real estate law in Canada and is admitted to the bar in California and Alabama. She is also a member of the American Bar Association Forum on the Entertainment and Sports Industries.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:11 Mar 2020https://doi.org/10.1089/glr2.2020.2421AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail View article"COPYRIGHT ISSUES IN A SLOT MACHINE: A CASE ANALYSIS OF ECLIPSE GAMING SYSTEMS, LLC v. ANTONUCCI." Gaming Law Review, 24(2), pp. 156–157FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 24Issue 2Mar 2020 InformationCopyright 2020, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishersTo cite this article:Sylvia (Yoo Jin) Cheong.COPYRIGHT ISSUES IN A SLOT MACHINE: A CASE ANALYSIS OF ECLIPSE GAMING SYSTEMS, LLC v. ANTONUCCI.Gaming Law Review.Mar 2020.156-157.http://doi.org/10.1089/glr2.2020.2421Published in Volume: 24 Issue 2: March 11, 2020Online Ahead of Print:February 19, 2020Keywordscopyrightlicensingroyaltyslot machineDMCA circumventiongaming lawPDF download

미국부동산법 있어서 부동산권리에 대한 소고

미국부동산법 있어서 부동산권리에 대한 소고

The 'Japanese Old Custom Research Project' and its main characters

이 글은 일제가 조선을 식민지로 지배하기 위해 실시한 기초조사사업 가운데 ‘구관제도조사사업’에 참여한 인물들의 인적 계보를 고찰하여 그것의 내적 맥락을 밝히고자 한 것이다. 일제는 1906년 통감부를 설치한 이래 부동산법조사회 (1906.7∼1907.11), 법전조사국(1908.1∼1910.9)을, 1910년 조선을 병탄한 이후에는 조선총독부 취조국(1910.10∼1912.4), 참사관실(1912.3∼1914), 중추원(1915∼1937)을 통해 조선의 부동산, 관습, 역사, 문화 등을 조사하여 조선을 파악하고자 하였다. 첫째 1896년에 일제의 식민지 대만에서 관습조사에 참여했던 관료들이 1906년 이후 조선과 만주의 ‘구관제도조사사업’에 참여하기도 하였다. 일본제국주의의 대만을 비롯한 조선, 만주 등 동아시아 식민지배 정책의 인적 맥락으로 서로 연 결되어 있음을 확인하였다. 둘째 부동산법조사회를 주도하였던 梅謙次郞, 中山成太郞 등의 인물은 이 후 법전조사국에서 중요한 역할을 수행하였으며, 조선총독부 취조국에 참여한 小田幹治郞 등의 인물은 참사관실에서 중요 역할을 담당하기 도 하였다. 셋째 일제의 ‘구관제도조사사업’은 경험이 축적되면서 조직과 인원, 그리고 업무가 확대되면서 조사사업이 심화되었다. 일제는 이 사업의 결과물을 정리하여 식민사관이라는 식민통치의 이데올로기를 생산하였다.This article aims to examine the human genealogy of the people who participated in the ‘Old Custom Research Project among the basic research projects conducted by the Japanese colonial government to control the Joseon colonization, and to clarify its internal context. Since the establishment of the Resident-General in 1906, the Japanese government has been involved in the Research Society of Real Estate Law(1906.7-1907.11), Law Research Bureau(1908.1-1910.9), Joseon Government General Interrogation Bureau(1910.10-1912.4), Joseon Government General Secretary House(1912.3-1914), and Joseon Government General Central House(1915 ~ 1937) to understand the realities, customs, history, and culture of Joseon. Based on the research project, in 1938, the Joseon History Compilation Committee edited 37 volumes of Joseon History and established a colonial view of colonialism to permanently control Joseon. First, in 1896, the bureaucrats who participated in the customary survey in the Japanese colonial Taiwan participated in the ‘Old Custom Research Project’ of Joseon and Manchuria since 1906. It is confirmed that the Japanese imperialism is linked to the human context of East Asian colonization policy including Taiwan, Joseon and Manchuria. Secondly, Ume Genjiro and Nakayama Narutaro, who led the Research Society of Real Estate Law, played an important role in the Law Research Bureau. And Oda Mikijiro, who participated in the Joseon Government General Interrogation Bureau, played an important role in the Joseon Government General Secretary House. Third, as the experience accumulated in the ‘Old Custom Research Project’, the research project was deepened as the organization, personnel, and work expanded. The Japanese government produced the colonial view of colonialism by organizing the results of this project.

The repercussions of the French settlement policy on the inhabitants of rural Mila during the 19th century

The topic of the land property is one of the most important topics, which is still an important theme of discussion in our country side ofcitizens and they are the sides which I aimed to show in mila fringes which belong the internal plains region. As it is characterized with the natural varieties and the historical richness. These factors played a big role in the lands (fields) owning repartitions during the Othman (Turkish) period. An ethnical separation of private properties which was linked to a social building / formation: the tribes of ferdjioua, Zeghaia, Ouled Kebab, beni Meroine, OuledBouslah. Some of them were favorised to work on the land (as farmers in the lands/fields). The tribe of Ouled Kebab in addition to some other tribes stagnented and fixed in the montagnious regions with the (Arab owning) This stability gave them a type independence but in contradiction they didn’t flee from the yearlywaves of recensements to extract taxation. This lead to the shift of the lands from the ( Arche owners to the ( Beylik / state) : this is the case of the tribe of zouagha ; This relationship appears in the relationship between the owning/properties and the vanishing families. Ouled Ben Achour, and Ibn Azeddine, through its cutting of the separated lands to get some special services, this caused the new aspects of the privateproperties.So special royal land marks this situation martial associated structurehave undergone a series of transformations and changes during the 19th century As a result of privacy of heavily estate arsenal of laws notably the laws of senates knonsolt 1863 until 1897 the last real estate laws issued by the trench legislature which would create a disjoined social sons and sons create civil harrow billable centers housing properties estate and wide belonging to the longevity of Europeans

Community Foundations' Funds Subject of ABA Group Submission to Treasury, IRS

The American Bar Association Section of Real Property, Trust and Estate Law, Charitable Planning and Organizations Group, submitted comments to the Treasury Department and IRS on funds traditionally held by community foundations in relation to prospective regulations concerning the donor‐advised funds law.

Developments in the Apartment and Urban Real Estate Laws in India

Condominium laws in India have been in existence since 1963, with the earliest condominium legislation in the state of Maharashtra. Most states in India have their own separate legislations for condominiums; however, the principles upon which these state legislations rest are based on the Maharashtra Ownership Flats (Regulation of the Promotion of Construction, Sale, Management and Transfer) Act, 1963. In recent times, there have been efforts to revamp the rights and obligations of apartment owners, real estate developers and other stakeholders through the Maharashtra Housing (Regulation and Development) Act, 2012 and the Real Estate (Regulating and Development) Bill, 2013, which was passed by the Indian Parliament in March 2016.This paper is divided into three parts. The first part argues that while different states have their own respective state laws relating to the transfer and administration of condominiums, such states follow the same principles developed in the State of Maharashtra and for all intents and purposes, there exists a standardised set of rules relating to the transfer and administration of condominiums. The second part of the paper ‘Overview of Apartment Laws in India’ describes the development of apartment laws in India including a detailed discussion of the apartment ownership, transfer and administration law in India. The third section of the paper discusses a landmark judgment which laid the basis for wide sweeping changes in the way the real estate industry is regulated. It further discusses the salient features of the Real Estate (Regulating and Development) Bill, 2013, the proposed central legislation for the regulation and development of the real estate industry in India.

Some Key Things U.S. Entrepreneurs Need to Know About the Law and Lawyers

New business formation is a powerful economic engine that creates jobs. Diverse legal issues are encountered as a start-up entity approaches formation, initial capitalization and fundraising, arrangements with employees and independent contractors, and relationships with other third parties. The endeavors of a typical start-up in the United States will likely implicate many of the following areas of law: intellectual property; business organizations; tax laws; employment and labor laws; securities regulation; contracts and licensing agreements; commercial sales; debtor-creditor relations; real estate law; health and safety laws/codes; permits and licenses; environmental protection; industry specific regulatory laws and approval processes; tort/personal injury, products liability, and insurance laws; antitrust and other unfair competition laws; import/export laws; immigration laws; laws related to the internet, privacy and e-commerce; and possibly many other federal, state and/or local laws, and, for many businesses these days, international laws. Company founders need to develop familiarity with the effects of such laws and need to access qualified legal talent to address legal issues in the planning and implementation of their venture. This article is designed to provide entrepreneurs with an overview of several areas of law that commonly arise in for-profit start-up ventures and offer them some important tips on working with lawyers.

Security Interests in Minerals and Timber: Delicate Balance between Real Estate Law and the Uniform Commercial Code

The financing of collateral that is located deep within the earth (oil, gas, minerals), or firmly rooted to the ground (timber), can be complicated. The complications arise not only because of the interplay between real property and personal property interests, and the separate legal regimes that operate in each area, but also because historical traditions in the extraction, harvesting, sale and financing of these assets are long-established and have strongly influenced developments in the law. This is particularly the case with minerals, where many states have enacted laws that apply specially to the financing of mining, drilling and related activities, perhaps none more prevalent than in the oil and gas industry. With respect to both minerals and timber, Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code is careful to tread lightly into the real estate world, entering the picture only when the collateral takes on (or is about to take on) characteristics of personal property. It does this primarily by applying its rules to two rather awkwardly named categories of collateral: “as-extracted collateral” in the minerals group, and “timber that is to be cut and removed under a conveyance or contract of sale.” Oil, gas and minerals in the ground before extraction are not covered by Article 9. They are deemed to be part of the real estate. The coverage of “as-extracted” minerals, however, allows a person who has an interest in minerals while they are in the ground (typically the landowner) to enter into an Article 9 security agreement covering those minerals before they are extracted. Upon extraction, the Article 9 security interest attaches. The approach to timber is somewhat different and seems intended to benefit purchasers of the timber as well as the landowners or sellers. Like minerals, standing timber is not covered by Article 9 when the trees are deemed to be part of the land, but an Article 9 interest can arise once the timber is covered by a conveyance or contract and is expected to be cut and removed from the land at some later point in time. Once timber is covered by such a contract, an Article 9 security interest can attach to the timber. This paper examines the rules for attachment, perfection, and priorities of Article 9 interests in minerals (including oil and gas) and timber. While there is some discussion of real estate financing principles, the focus is primarily on how Article 9 addresses these two types of land-related collateral.

Using Development Financing Tools to Help Cover Costs of Adapting to Climate Change in Tornado Alley and Beyond

In a future menaced by global climate change, to what extent can and should local communities use development financing tools — especially impact and linkage fee programs — to help defray the public and social costs of natural disasters? Should land use authorities require new real estate projects to internalize some of the potential costs that severe weather events may impose on their communities over time? Such programs might, for example, impose disaster impact fees on new development to fortify infrastructure and to improve emergency management systems or even to fund a reserve account to defray anticipated disaster recovery costs. Beyond that, should new development help finance any of the costs of retrofitting existing communities and new affordable housing projects to face natural disasters and the costs of recovering and rebuilding in those neighborhoods when disaster strikes? Can disaster impact and linkage fees help address problems of uninsured, underinsured, and uninsurable risks?To establish a framework for understanding the public financing challenge, Part I of this paper presents the problem in the context of evidence that climate change may cause more frequent and more severe tornadoes. Part II then develops a legal analysis equally applicable to other natural disasters that are even more commonly associated with climate change, such as extreme heat waves, hurricanes, coastal storm surges, forest fires, and flooding. The author concludes that disaster impact and linkage fee programs could play a small but meaningful role in tornado alley and beyond, but only if they can avoid or survive heightened judicial scrutiny under the U.S. Supreme Court land use cases and the rational nexus standard of state land use law. The current state of the law, especially following Koontz v. St. Johns River Water Management District, 133 S. Ct. 2586 (2013), creates a quandary for any land use authority that may consider resorting to development funding devices to help adapt the built environment to climate change.The author presented a first draft of this paper at the 13th Kratovil Conference on Real Estate Law and Practice: Adaptation of the Built Environment to Achieve Resilience to Climate Change, which took place in September, 2013 at the John Marshall Law School. He gratefully acknowledges the comments, suggestions, and encouragement provided by the other participants in that conference.