Real Crime Research Articles

Factual entertainment on British television

This article reports on a collective project by the Midlands Television Research Group into the changing character of weekday evening programming in the 1990s on British terrestrial television between 8.00 and 9.00. Over the decade, there has been a growth in ‘factual entertainment’ and a decrease in analytic documentary, situation comedy and variety. Factual entertainment comprises hybrid genres such as ‘docu-soaps’, CCTV footage-based programmes and lifestyle and make-over programmes. Each of the four sections engages with one aspect of the scheduling in the slot. Rachel Moseley discusses the gendering of the slot, focusing on BBC’s Naked Chef, Jamie Oliver. Catherine Johnson discusses pets, vets and children in documentary programmes. Helen Wheatley looks at the treatment of ‘real crime’ in the slot and Charlotte Brunsdon discusses historical antecedents to some of the lifestyle programmes.

Current and Prior Mental Health Treatment of Jail Inmates: The Use of the Jail as an Alternative Shelter

Changing policies in mental health and welfare are altering the character of urban jail populations. Iiomeless people, many of them ex-mental-hospital patients, occupy jail space in increasing numbers. They almost never commit violent crimes and seldom commit any real crime. They are given a charge and put in jail as a way to take them off the streets. The way in which official statistics are created and kept makes it difficult to demonstrate the nature and extent of this problem. This paper reports on one way this can be done.

Tried for treason against the motherland: Soviet generals condemned after release from German captivity

This, the third article in an ongoing series on the fate of Red Army general officers captured by the Germans during World War II, is perhaps the most depressing. In it Maslov relates how an ungrateful state condemned for treason against their Homeland many of those who had served it loyally both in combat and in German prisoner‐of‐war camps. By exploiting unprecedented archival materials, Maslov demonstrates how Stalin and Soviet security organs condemned and shot many of the returnee‐generals. Many were executed on trumped up charges, as scapegoats for the real crimes committed by Stalin and the military Soviet leadership during the tragic initial period of the war. Coincidentally, Maslov presents a unique glimpse of the social history of the pre‐war Red Army officer corps.

Connections Between Violent Television Exposure and Adolescent Risk Taking

This study utilized a survey to assess television viewing and risk-taking behavior in 717 adolescents (age 11-22). Results indicated that, among adolescents, there is a link between exposure to violent television in the form of violent drama, realistic crime shows and contact sports and participation in various forms of risk taking: problem drinking, drinking and driving, delinquency (vandalizing, trespassing, truancy), reckless driving, and drug use. However, the relationship between exposure to various forms of violent television content and risk-taking behavior varies somewhat. Specifically, exposure to realistic crime shows and exposure to contact sports is positively related to risk taking; whereas, exposure to violent drama is negatively related to risk-taking behavior Predictions are made and findings discussed in terms of problem behavior theory. Implications for health messages targeting adolescents are discussed.

Problemy związane ze statystycznym opisem przestępczości w oparciu o dane statystyk policyjnych

Problemy związane ze statystycznym opisem przestępczości w oparciu o dane statystyk policyjnych

'And the Word Was Made Flesh and Dwelt among Us...'

'And the Word Was Made Flesh and Dwelt among Us...'

Soccer in sun and shadow

In this witty and rebellious history of world soccer, award-winning writer Eduardo Galeano searches for styles of play, players, and goals that express unique personality of certain times and places. In Soccer in Sun and Shadow, Galeano takes us to ancient China, where engravings from Ming period show a ball that could have been designed by Adidas to Victorian England, where gentlemen codified rules that we still play by today and to Latin America, where crazy English spread game only to find it creolized by locals. All greats--Pele, Di Stefano, Cruyff, Eusebio, Puskas, Gullit, Baggio, Beckenbauer-- have joyous cameos in this book. yet soccer, Galeano cautions, a pleasure that hurts. Thus there is also heartbreak and madness. Galeano tells of suicide of Uruguayan player Abdon Porte, who shot himself in center circle of Nacional's stadium; of Argentine manager who wouldn't let his team eat chicken because it would bring bad luck; and of scandal-riven Diego Maradona whose real crime, Galeano suggests, was always the sin of being best. Soccer is a game that bureaucrats try to dull and powerful try to manipulate, but it retains its magic because it remains a bewitching game--a feast for eyes ...and a joy for body that plays it--exquisitely rendered in magical stories of Soccer in Sun and Shadow.

Abuse, Drugs, and Crime: Pathways to a Vicious Cycle

“Our silence is the real crime, whether it's about battering, abuse in the penal system, legal abuse, sexism, racism, or any injustice. When women begin to take action, make decisions, and set directions, they will change those conditions that violate us physically and emotionally and socially. Intervention is the key—when acted on, it shows love and concern for one's self and other human beings; that will influence attitudes. Intervention states that violence and injustice against women is not accepted and won't be tolerated in any form.” Volunteer at an inmates’ self-help group for battered and formerly battered women (Bauschard and Kimbrough, 1986)

Obraz przestępczości w Niemczech oraz w Polsce w okresie transformacji ustrojowej (wybrane aspekty)

Obraz przestępczości w Niemczech oraz w Polsce w okresie transformacji ustrojowej (wybrane aspekty)

Reporting Crime: The Media Politics of Criminal Justice.

Every day we watch, read, and hear stories about crime and justice. This book reveals how policy-makers, criminal justice professionals, pressure groups, and the police compete in self-promoting struggles to shape their own images and the policy agenda. In a series of case studies, the authors pose a number of important questions. Does coverage of crime statistics promote fear of crime, or is the debate about the figures really about something else? By focusing on fear of crime hhave we therefore underplayed public fear of authority? Does the coverage of sexual crime encourage voyeurism? And finally, is television's growing obsession with showing us stories of real crime more about entertaining the audience than about helping the police with their enquiries?

Reading the New Feminist Mystery:

A popular new feminist genre of American mystery fiction has emerged in the last decade, raising questions about its relationship to real crime, especially against women. While the detective genre has certain inherently conservative tendencies, the feminist subgenre selectively draws on traditions, including the womanly British cozy and the American male hard-boiled, to create something new. The women sleuths are neither victims nor villains, but independent agents. They struggle with personal challenges and mostly succeed. The crimes themselves portray disruptions in the social landscape, and the pursuit of whodunit suggests more a quest for truth than a celebration of law enforcement. Violence, often used defensively by the heroine, is portrayed as inescapable, but it is seen through the eyes of a detective/observer rather than those of the criminal or the victim.

Psychoanalysis and the Nuclear Threat

{ital Psychoanalysis and the Nuclear Threat} provides coverage of the dynamic and clinical considerations that follow from life in the nuclear age. Of special clinical interest are chapters dealing with the developmental consequences of the nuclear threat in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, and those exploring the technical issues raised by the occurrence in analytic and psychotherapeutic hours of material related to the nuclear threat. Additional chapters bring a psychoanalytic perspective to bear on such issues as the need to have enemies, silence as the real crime, love, work, and survival in the nuclear age, the relationship of the nuclear threat to issues of mourning and melancholia, apocalyptic fantasies, the paranoid process, considerations of the possible impact of gender on the nuclear threat, and the application of psychoanalytic thinking to nuclear arms strategy. Finally, the volume includes the first case report in the English language---albeit a brief psychotherapy---involving the treatment of a Hiroshima survivor.

Citizen Demand for Exposure to Street Crime

If individuals gain utility from activities which expose them to the risk of being a victim of crime, then a higher risk of victimisation per unit of time exposed to crime should imply a lower quantity of exposure. This hypothesis leads to the distinction between the 'real' crime rate (probability of victimisation per unit of exposure time) and the 'nominal' crime rate (crimes per capita). Empirical evidence is presented which indicates that some dimensions of exposure are negatively related to proxies for the real crime rate.

Uniform Crime Reports as Organizational Outcomes: Three Time Series Experiments

John Kitsuse and Aaron Cicourel have suggested that official crime are a function of the organizational structures of police departments. In three natural experiments, we examine this hypothesis with time series analyses of Uniform Crime Reports. Our findings suggest that official crime are a function of organizational structures related to (1) formal complaint investigation; (2) hierarchial control of crime processing; and (3) dispatching routines. We propose a minimal theory of official crime as organizational outcomes. The oldest, most comprehensive source of crime statistics in the United States is the Uniform Crime Reports (UCRs), published annually by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. UCRs are not the only source of crime statistics, nor are they more valid or reliable than alternative statistics. The shortcomings of UCRs as measures of real crime have been widely noted. UCRs ignore crimes which do not fit neatly into established index categories, for example, as well as crimes which are not reported to local police agencies (Hindelang, 1976; Skogan, 1974, 1976). Federal, state, and local governments nevertheless rely heavily on UCRs to monitor crime control programs; when politicians complain that crime are up or brag that crime are down, they invariably mean that UCR crime are up or down. UCRs in this most important sense represent the status quo: they provide the official crime statistics for most U.S. cities and states. This paper examines organizational structures which threaten the validity of UCRs, a problem which has been referred to as the production of crime rates (Black, 1970; Maxfield et al., 1980). Kitsuse and Cicourel provide the best general statement of this problem:

The market for street crime: An economic analysis of victim-offender interaction

This paper views the economic explanation of crime rates from a new perspective by explicitly deriving an economic model of the behavior of potential victims and considering the interaction of the behavior of potential victims with the behavior of offenders. Crime is produced through offenders supplying time in search of victims and victims demanding to expose themselves to the environment. A model is set up in which the crime rate, the probability of being a victim per unit of exposure time, and the probability of finding a victim per unit of offenders' search time are simultaneously determined. The model leads us to distinguish the “real” crime rate (the probability of being a victim per unit of exposure time) from the “nominal” crime rate (the number of crimes per capita). The nominal crime rate can be inversely related to the real crime rate.

Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte

with the exploitation of Perkin's discovery of synthetic dyes in England. By the turn of the century, Germany's Big Six chemical companies dominated their industry worldwide. Corruption was already evident and Carl Duisberg, managing director of Bayer, was a devotee of the Fiihrer Prinzip long before Hitler. l.G. became a loose umbrella organization, an Interessen Gemeinschaft or community of interests, which involved cartel agreements in dyestuffs and other chemical . LG.'s main success was Fritz Haber's synthetic ammonia process, which Carl Bosch applied on an industrial scale just before World War I. Haber was Jewish but his ultra patriotism led him to introduce chlorine and phosgene as poison gases on the battlefields of World War I. For this he was branded a war criminal and the scientific world protested when he was awarded the abel prize for his high pressure work in chemistry. Carl Bosch is the only character in this whole story who deserve our sympathy. His devotion to loG. surpassed his patriotism and he remained loyal to his Jewish colleagues, defying the Nazis. He tried unsuccessfully to persuade Hitler not to expel Jewish scientists, arguing that it would be Germany's loss. As time passed, Bosch became more disillusioned and emigrated in 1940, predicting Hitler's downfall' but he died without seeing his prophecy fulfilled. Too late, he realized that if you do not destroy evil, evil will destroy you. Other I.G. leaders who knowingly collaborated with the azi murderers received prison sentences, after World War II, but were soon reinstated on the boards of I.G. 's successor companies. It is astounding to read of the naIvety of highly placed executives in the Standard Oil Company like Walter Teagle and Frank Howard, who were charged by President Truman with trying to camouflage LG. 's activities in the United States and for holding back the development of the war effort. The last two chapters of this book deal with legal proceedings and LG. 's success in recovering its US interests twice, after they were confiscated during two world wars; Foster Dulles, for example, among other statesmen, gave LG. full support On both counts. These chapters are rather drawn out and tedious and the real crime of 1.0., as 'jackal to the Nazi lion' is overshadowed by what became, in effect, an Anti-Trust lawsuit. One is left wondering 'what punishment'! The ghosts of their victims are:

Effects of repeated examinations on the ability to detect guilt with a polygraphic examination: A laboratory experiment with a real crime.

Effects of repeated examinations on the ability to detect guilt with a polygraphic examination: A laboratory experiment with a real crime.

Effects of repeated examinations on the ability to detect guilt with a polygraphic examination: A laboratory experiment with a real crime.

Effects of repeated examinations on the ability to detect guilt with a polygraphic examination: A laboratory experiment with a real crime.

Selection and Allocation Within Schools: Some Causes and Consequences of Curriculum Placement

moil: some contemporary evidence. Pp. 550-69 in H. D. Graham and T. Gurr (eds.), The History of Violence in America. New York: Praeger. United Nations Statistical Office 1955United Nations Demographic Year1973 book. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. New York: U.N. Printing Office. Verkko, V. 1953 General theoretical viewpoints in criminal statistics regarding real crime. Pp. 47-75 in Transactions of the Westermarck Society. Copenhagen: Munksgaard. 1956 Survey of current practice in criminal statistics. Transactions of the Westermarck Society 3:5-33. von Hentig, H. 1947 Crime: Causes and Conditions. New York: McGraw-Hill. Wecter, D. 1944 When Johnny Comes Marching Home. Cambridge: Houghton-Mifflin. Wheeler, S. 1967 statistics: a reformulation of the problem. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 58:317-24. Willbach, H. 1948 Recent crimes and the veterans. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 38:501-8. Wolf, P. 1971 and development: an international comparison of crime rates. Scandanavian Studies in Criminology 3:107-21. Wolfgang, M. 1963 Uniform Crime Reports: a critical appraisal. University of Pennsylvania Law Review 708:708-38. 1967 International crime statistics: a proposal. Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science 58: 65-9. Wolfgang, M. and F. Ferracuti 1967 The Subculture of Violence. New York: Tavistock.

Gilbert Burnet’s Politics

In July, 1663, Archibald Johnston of Wariston was hanged at the market cross of Edinburgh, officially for the ‘high treason’ of accepting office in Cromwell’s government. Although many people in Scotland had held similar positions, and assisted Cromwell in other ways, only three were executed. (The others were the Earl of Argyle, and Wariston’s friend James Guthrie, a minister.) Wariston’s real crime was to have spearheaded the Scottish revolt against Charles I in the late 1630s, which began with bitter opposition to Charles’ plans to make the Presbyterian Scottish church more like the English one, and more amenable to his wishes. Wariston was co-composer of the Scottish Covenant which challenged the King’s authority, and Clerk of the unofficial parliamentary committee (made up of noblemen, lairds, merchants and ministers) which had subscribed the Covenant. When the King’s decrees on the Kirk were read out by a herald at Edinburgh’s market cross, in the traditional manner, supporters of the Covenant would oblige the herald to stay while Wariston read out a ‘Protestation’ asking for remedy of grievances and a ‘free [Kirk] Assembly and Parliament’.1 In insisting on the execution and quartering of this arch-Covenanter (his head was stuck on the Netherbow Port, beside James Guthrie’s) Charles II may have been motivated partly by personal resentment though Wariston had no significant part in Charles I’s death but was also eliminating a symbol of resistance to the King’s authority. The clergyman who attended Wariston on the scaffold was his young nephew, Gilbert Burnet (1643-1714), Ralph Stewart IRSS 33 (2008) 37