Reading Vocabulary Research Articles

The Application and Effect of AIGC in IELTS Learning/Teaching

This study aims to explore the practical application and effect of artificial intelligence generated content (AIGC) technology in IELTS reading and writing teaching. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, AIGC is increasingly widely used in the field of education, providing new possibilities for language learning. This study designed and implemented a series of AIGC-based teaching experiments to compare and analyze the differences between the use of AIGC technology and traditional teaching methods in the teaching of IELTS reading and writing. The study found that AIGC technology can provide students with personalized learning resources and feedback, and effectively improve students' language learning efficiency and interest. In the teaching of IELTS reading, the IELTS material library provided by AIGC can provide students with a large number of usable reading vocabulary and materials. In the teaching of IELTS writing, AIGC provides writing guidance and revision suggestions to help students quickly master writing skills and improve their writing skills.

Mastery of Listening and Reading Vocabulary Levels in Relation to CEFR: Insights into Student Admissions and English as a Medium of Instruction

Prior to enrolling in an English as a medium of instruction (EMI) institution, students must show an English proficiency level through meeting a benchmark on a standard English proficiency test, which is typically aligned with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Along with overall English proficiency, aural/written vocabulary level mastery could also predict students’ success at EMI institutions, as students need adequate English vocabulary knowledge to comprehend lectures and course readings. However, aural/written vocabulary level mastery has yet to be clearly benchmarked to CEFR levels. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlations between students’ aural/written vocabulary level mastery and their CEFR levels. Forty undergraduate students in a Macau EMI university were recruited to take one English proficiency test and two vocabulary level tests (i.e., Listening Vocabulary Levels Test (LVLT) and the Updated Vocabulary Levels Test (UVLT)). Correlation analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between students’ CEFR levels and their mastery of listening and reading vocabulary levels. A positive correlation was found between students’ CEFR levels and their mastery of receptive aural vocabulary levels (ρ = 0.409, p = 0.009). Furthermore, a statistically significant positive correlation was found between students’ CEFR levels and their mastery of receptive written vocabulary levels (ρ = 0.559, p < 0.001). Although positive correlations were observed, no clear pattern was identified regarding the relationship between students’ CEFR levels and their mastery of aural/written vocabulary levels. Regression analyses were further conducted to determine the extent to which the combination of receptive aural and written vocabulary knowledge predicts the CEFR levels. The results indicated that the regression model that included only UVLT scores better predicted the CEFR levels. Given the positive correlations observed between students’ CEFR levels and their mastery of vocabulary levels, this study’s findings suggest the inclusion of aural/written vocabulary levels as additional indicators for ensuring student academic success in EMI institutions. Implications for EMI universities on student admissions, classroom teaching, and provision of additional English courses were provided.

IMPLEMENTASI METODE TWO STAY TWO STRAY TERHADAP PENGUASAAN MUFRADĀT SISWA

<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Vocabulary is one of the fundamental elements in active and passive language use. To reach a mastery phase, one must be capable of applying vocabulary in communication, writing, reading, and understanding words as well as sentences. To support the mastery of vocabulary, an engaging learning method known as the "two stay two stray" method is required. The objective of this research is to measure the effectiveness of the two stay two stray method on the mastery of Arabic vocabulary among students. This study utilizes a quantitative approach, specifically a quasi-experimental design known as the One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The research findings indicate that the two stay two stray method has proven effective in enhancing students' mastery of Arabic vocabulary, as evidenced by an increase in the average scores of students from 54.50 in the pretest to 71.68 in the posttest. The Paired Samples T-test results demonstrate a significance value (sig2-tailed) of 0.000, indicating that sig 2-tailed (0.000 < 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a difference between the results of the pretest and posttest. It is known that the t-score < t-table with (df) n-1 of 27 (-19.249 < -2.051), hence rejecting Ho. Consequently, it can be inferred that the two stay two stray method is effective and influential in enhancing the mastery of Arabic vocabulary among 7th-grade students at eLKISI Mojokerto Junior High School</em><em>. </em></p>

초등학교 1학년 아동의 읽기이해 예측변인에 관한 연구

Purpose: This study was a short-term longitudinal study to examine how vocabulary and morphological awareness of kindergarten(Time 1) and word reading and reading fluency of first-year(Time 2) affect reading comprehension(Time 2). Method: A total of 67 children were participated both Time 1 and Time 2. At the Time 1 vocabulary and morphological awareness and word reading, reading fluency, and reading comprehension were examined at the Time 2. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, t-test were conducted and then a hierarchical regression analysis was conducted. Results: First, there were significant positive correlations among variables. Second, there were significant differences in variables according to reading comprehensive level of first graders. Third, the reading fluency had the highest influence on reading comprehension. Conclusion: There were that vocabulary, word reading, morphological awareness, and reading fluency are closely related to reading comprehension in first-year students. The result presents direction and guidance for reading education.

The contracts word list: Integral vocabulary for reading and writing English contracts

Both Business English as a Lingua Franca (BELF) and Legal English as a Lingua Franca (LELF) users engage with legal contracts regularly. However, contractual language is notoriously complex, due in part to the vocabulary it contains. To help mitigate the challenges related to learning the vocabulary of contracts, this paper introduces a word list of American English contracts called the Contracts Word List (CWL). We describe the compilation of the Corpus of English Business Contracts (CEBC) that represents six major contract types in 48 million words. The extraction of prevalent and specialized words from the CEBC is described, following validation procedures in terms of the word list's reliability and stability. The final word lists contains 684 lemmas along with definitions, parts of speech, illustrative concordance lines, and adjusted frequencies from the full corpus and each major contract sub-type. We provide recommendations to ELF professionals and teachers on using the CWL.

Vocabulary learning for slow learner students in inclusive elementary schools: A case of Magetan Regency, East Java, Indonesia

This study aimed to describe and explain the conditions for learning vocabulary for slow learners in inclusive elementary schools. This research uses a descriptive-qualitative approach. Sampling was carried out on students with slow learners at 10 inclusive elementary schools in Magetan Regency, East Java, Indonesia, which were selected based on regional considerations. The data sources selected were 10 special accompanying teachers, vocabulary learning activities in class, and documents or archives related to slow learners. Data collection techniques include passive participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis uses an interactive analysis model, which is carried out through three activity flows: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the vocabulary of slow learners is minimal when compared to that of other normal students. Slow-learner students have difficulty using vocabulary in reading and writing and are weak at stringing letters into words. Factors that hinder slow learners’ vocabulary mastery include being less accustomed to using Indonesian and the lack of support from parents. Teaching materials taught by the teacher include the introduction of new terms, synonyms, antonyms, and standard words, filling in gaps in sentences, and constructing sentences with the available words.

SCRABBLE GAME AS LEARNING MEDIA IN STUDENTS' READING OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

In language, reading ability is an important basis in the learning process. Moreover, the ability to read must be mastered by every student. The implementation of offline learning after the Covid 19 pandemic, many students in elementary school especially lower grades were able to sound out letters even though they did not understand the text they were reading. Students had lack of ability to read and difficult to understand for them to receive learning material. Then, it is necessary to utilize technology which has developed rapidly every day in learning process. By bringing up new innovations regarding the Scrabble game learning media in elementary school students’ reading, this research aims to motivate the reading process of elementary school students. This game can motivate students to read vocabulary with concrete objects related to their daily life, including the environment around them. This research uses the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) method. The results of this research show that students obtained a score of 91% (Very Good), class teachers 94% (Very Good), and 96% (Very Good) from teachers in the Computer Science Technology subject. It is proven from the results of obtaining these scores that the Scrabble game can be used as a reading support material for elementary school students.

ANALYSIS OF VERBAL LINGUISTIC INTELLIGENCE THROUGH THE READING HABITS OF CLASS 2 MI HIDAYATUL MUTA'ALLIMIN STUDENTS

This research aims to know 1) to know the level of child verbal linguistic intelligence in mi hidayatul muta 'alimin medallion senori tuban, 2) to know the retard factor and support of the child's verbal linguistic intelligence in mi hidayatul muta 'alimin medallion senori tuban. In this study a descriptive qualitative method. As for the data-gathering technique in this study, observation, interview and documentation. The results the researchers found in this study are 1) the level of verbal liguistic intelligence analysis of children through the second class of reading habits in mi hidayatul muta 'allimin is seen in terms of the interests, attention, and involvement of participants in the reading. The strategy employed by homeroom teachers a and b is to read aloud, reading by playing and reading by connecting with others. observations related to interest in reading in class II A students: BB = 0 children, MB = 2 children, BSH = 15 children, BSB = 4 children, while interest in reading in class II B students: BB = 0 children, MB = 2 children, BSH = 10 Children, BSB = 4 Children. Interest in reading should also be supported with some access to continue increasing student interest in reading. And to enhance reading of the student is done by fulfilling the means and infrastructure that is by providing convenient libraries, and the library is a form of efforts by the principal and the educator to increase the interest, interest and involvement of the student. Reading dispenses many positive effects on students, so students are able and brave to be actively active in public Spaces in their activities. 2) a contributing factor in developing a child's intellect is the way a teacher teaches a teacher is a major factor in supporting the habit of reading in a teacher's child, encouragement, and guidance for the student to be diligent in reading, and reading must also be supported by the availability of good tools and infrastructure, where each school is required to have a library anda comfortable place to read students. While inhibitors in some students are still at the process stage beginning to develop in improving their reading ability. So there are certain tasks for teachers to direct. 4 children are still hampering in their ability to read, with a contributing factor in the development of verbal linguistic intelligence that is difficult to recognize letters, lack of confidence in children, lack of interest in reading, and oft-wrong pronunciation. This impediment stems from students' full mastery of the few vocabulary in reading, the acidity of the books in the library is of primary concern as it appeals to the students' hearts to study conveniently. Therefore, the library's clean-trimming efforts must be done well in order for students to be optimally educated.

Indirect Effects of Early Shared Reading and Access to Books on Reading Vocabulary in Middle Childhood

ABSTRACT Purpose This study investigated the effects of early shared reading and access to books on reading vocabulary in middle childhood and the pathways associated with later reading success. Method Path analysis of data from four waves of a national longitudinal study of children (N = 7,751) was used to investigate direct and indirect effects of early home literacy practices at age 3 on reading attainment at age 9, controlling for demographic and family characteristics. Children were aged 3, 5, 7, and 9 years at each respective wave of data collection, and 49.1% of the sample were girls. The majority of caregivers in the study were White (94.3%). Results Early shared reading and availability of books predicted higher reading scores at age 9, controlling for covariates at age 3. Sixty-four percent of the association between early shared reading and reading attainment in middle childhood was explained by several paths incorporating language and literacy variables at age 5 and reading for pleasure at age 7. The association between books at age 3 and vocabulary at age 9 was fully accounted for through an increase in the number of books at age 5 and greater likelihood of reading for pleasure at age 7. Conclusion Both early shared reading and availability of books predicted reading attainment in middle childhood though through different pathways. The findings support reading interventions that provide books and shared reading opportunities in early childhood.

Contrasting Direct Instruction in Morphological Decoding and Morphological Inquiry-Analysis Interventions in Grade 3 Children With Poor Morphological Awareness

We report on a school-based randomized control trial study comparing two morphological interventions with untaught controls: one focusing on direct instruction targeting print morphological decoding (direct decoding condition) and the other on inquiry-focused pedagogy using oral morphological analysis (inquiry-analysis condition). We identified 63 Grade 3 children with below-average morphological awareness following screening (from N = 163). This sub-sample showed average pseudoword decoding but poor language and word reading abilities. Following a 13-week supplemental intervention randomized within the 63 children, results showed a statistically significant main effect of intervention on standardized reading vocabulary measures at immediate post-test in the direct decoding condition. Pre-test morphological awareness moderated reading vocabulary effects for the untaught control group. Statistically significant moderation of growth in sentence comprehension at post- by pre-test morphological awareness was also evident in the inquiry-analysis condition. Universal screening for below-average morphological awareness followed by inquiry-based or direct instruction interventions focusing on the meaning dimensions of morphemes may be modestly efficacious for supporting reading vocabulary and sentence comprehension in such at risk learners, potentially aiding school-wide literacy improvement.

The sustainability of content enriched shared book reading vocabulary practices and preschool emergent bilinguals

ABSTRACT This study was part of a larger three-year investigation of the effectiveness of a small-group, content-focused (science, social studies) preschool shared book reading vocabulary intervention implemented with Spanish-speaking emergent bilinguals enrolled in a one-way dual-language bilingual program. A subset of bilingual preschool teachers (N = 23), representing treatment teachers from each of the three intervention years, was observed to understand the sustainability of the curricular approach and materials one, two, and three years post-intervention when instructional guidance was no longer provided by the research team. Findings from post-intervention observations and teacher self-reports suggest that teachers continued to implement the intervention approach and materials on some level but the explicit rich vocabulary instruction during the book reading experience was observed less the further teachers were out of the intervention. Implications for research are discussed.

The Relationship between Reading Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension in a Direct Instruction Reading Program

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship beween Hispanic, Caucasian, and Africa American students’ reading voacabulary achievement and reading comprehension achievement in a Direct Instruction reading program. The study consisted of students from a small, rural school district in southeast Arkansas. A total of 230 students participated in the study. Seventeen were Hispanic students, 33 were Caucasian students, and 180 were African American students. The study used an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) statistic to identify any potential differences in reading vocabulary and reading comprehension among the subgroups. The findings of this study suggest that statistically significant differences did exist between Hispanic, Caucasian, and African American students in reading vocabulary using a Direct Instruction reading program. The Hispanic participants had a higher mean achievement gain score in reading comprehension than either Caucasian or African American students. The Hispanic participants also had a higher mean achievement gain score in reading vocabulary achievement than the African American participants but a smaller mean achievement gain score than the Caucasian participants.

EFEKTIVITAS APE KARTU KATA BERGAMBAR DALAM PENGEMBANGAN BAHASA ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN DI RA MIFTAHUL HUDA CEMORO

Language development in children is the ability to express language orally, both recognizing pictures, symbols of the letters of the alphabet, spelling and reading vocabulary as well as the ability to communicate. This study aims to describe the effectiveness of the picture word card educational game tool in language development for children aged 5-6 years at RA Miftahul Huda Cemoro. The place and time of this research was conducted on Jl. General Sudirman No. 02 Cemoro Hamlet, Balak Village, Songgon District, Banyuwangi Regency. This study uses qualitative descriptive research from data obtained through interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used the Miles and Huberman model. The stages in learning activities carried out through the application of pictorial word card educational game tools, namely the planning stage, the implementation stage and the evaluation stage. At the evaluation stage the teacher uses a checklist assessment. From the results of the final accumulation of assessments using 4 indicators that have been determined as a reference for assessment, there were 8 children who achieved BSB scores (developed very well) and 2 children achieved BSH scores (developed as expected). This shows that the application of picture word card educational games can stimulate the development of language skills in children optimally.

Analysis of Writing Programs and Students’ Errors to Increase the Students’ Writing Skill

This study presents the analysis of writing programs which can increase the students’ writing skill by concerning students’ errors. The method used qualitative and quantitative analyses. The participants involved in this study were 30 students of the third level majoring in analytical chemistry department in Politeknik AKA Bogor, academic year 2021/2022. The Researcher wanted to know the area of errors in each writing program. The result shows that the average of grade students got in the program of teaching reading and vocabulary was 68.75% with 31.25% error in the area of identifying the words: analysis, analyze, analytical, analyst, prepare, preparation, determine, determination, require, and statistically. In the program of teaching grammar and structure, the students’ score average was 70% which was bigger than the first program. Meanwhile the average of error was 30% in the area of using past tense, present tense, present perfect tense, modal auxiliary, passive voice, relative clause, past and present participle. In the next program, analyzing sentences from chemistry textbook, the students had difficulty in identifying main and relative clauses, and analyzing present and past participles in a sentence. The students obtained 71.25% for the average of grade and 28.75% error. In writing from simple to complex sentences, the students got score 77.5% and 22.5% error in the area of making sentences consisting of main and relative clauses and applying present and past participles as verb in a sentence. Finally, after having 4 programs stated above, in the program of writing practice report, the students got average of grade 80% meaning excellent, and 20% error in the area of interpreting data in writing and developing main idea. This research finds that the writing programs: teaching reading vocabulary, teaching grammar and structure, analyzing sentences from chemistry textbook, writing from simple to complex sentences, and writing practical report are the writing programs that can increase the students’ writing skill. To make the decision which area of writing programs needs to have more attention, it can be determined by analyzing the students’ errors.

Assessment of reading performance of non-Native English learners

English being an international language is the need of the time. Reading is one of the essential skills of language learning for non-native English learners. In recent years the concern of reading decline among students has become a point of discussion among educators. In this article, we probe how the quality of English reading is going down gradually among non-native English learning students. For this purpose, we measure the reading abilities of grade 5 students with multiple languages as their mother tongue, having probably not very different socio-economic backgrounds. The data of students (N=589) were collected through convenience sampling. Students were assessed in three domains of reading (fluency, comprehension, and reading vocabulary) through the self-developed English Reading Achievement Scale (ERAS). The results demonstrated unsatisfactory performance of sampled students' reading in English. Only 56 percent of students remained successful in the assessment of English reading. The performance of girls' school students in reading was comparatively better than the boys' students. Students' performance was probably better in reading fluency and worse in reading vocabulary.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTY IN READING THE TOEFL PREDICTION TEST

The objective of this study is to know the students’ difficulty TOEFL prediction test of reading skills. This study uses qualitative research. The findings show some difficulties faced by the students in reading TOEFL. In external factors, they are: 1) Using the reading technique of skimming to find the main idea or point of the reading as a whole. 2) Using techniques of scanning to find more specific information from a long reading in the reading. 3) Reading the questions first then reading the reading on the TOEFL reading. 4) Feeling the topic of the TOEFL reading passages is less or unfamiliar. 5) Feeling the reading passages on the TOEFL reading is too long or too much. 6) Feeling lots of unfamiliar vocabulary in the TOEFL reading. 7) Feeling the number of TOEFL reading questions is too much. 8) Feeling the amount of time to do the TOEFL reading questions is short because of only about 55-60 minutes. While, in internal factors, the students: 1) Having limited memory when reading the TOEFL’s passages. 2) Tending to choose easy questions first than difficult questions. 3) Having a lack of concentration in doing the TOEFL reading test. 4) Having previous experience taking the TOEFL reading test before. 5) Having a lack of practice in reading TOEFL passages. 6) Having boredom when doing TOEFL reading questions. 7) Feeling easily distracted by other things when reading TOEFL reading questions. 8) Being busy interpreting each word/sentence while reading the TOEFL passages.

Beyond Simple Mean Differences: Analysis of Sex Similarities and Differences in Academic Achievement With the Kaufman Tests of Educational Achievement, Third Edition

Simple mean differences summarized in meta-analyses do not always adequately describe sex similarities and differences. We investigated sex similarities and differences in academic achievement test scores during childhood and adolescence multiple ways based on composite and subtest scores from the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement (Third edition) norming sample. Sex differences in means were investigated across achievement domains and ability levels. Test score variance and percentages of scores at different parts of score distributions were also compared across sex. The largest and most consistent sex differences were female advantages in writing tests: Larger advantages were found in more complex writing tasks. Females also showed consistent advantages in silent reading fluency. Males demonstrated advantages in math problem solving that emerged at the average ability level. Females were more likely to be high achievers in reading fluency and written expression, whereas males were more likely to be low achievers in reading fluency and aspects of writing, and very low achievers in word recognition, word recognition fluency, and reading vocabulary. Males were more likely to be high achievers in math problem solving. Analysis that goes beyond simple mean differences reveals important sex differences regarding academic achievement, and theories should account for overall patterns of academic achievement similarities and differences.

NEEDS ANALYSIS FOR ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES: IMPORTANCE OF ACADEMIC LANGUAGE SKILLS FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN ETHIOPIA

This study aims to investigate undergraduate students’ needs analysis in English for Academic Purposes. In this study, three hundred-eight first-year students and forty-one EAP and subject area instructors at Wachemo University participated. The research employed a mixed-methods approach that utilized a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview to ascertain the important academic English language skills and sub-skills prioritized by participants. The findings revealed that the participants indicated all the academic language skills as important for students' academic study in the university. The instructors prioritized the academic language skills (academic reading and academic vocabulary) as important, whereas the students ranked the language skills (academic writing and academic speaking) as the first importance. The study emphasized the importance of conducting learners’ needs analysis before developing any English for Academic Purposes course. Findings in the current study could be provided as implications for course designers and recommendations for future studies. Keywords: Needs Analysis; English for Academic Purposes; Academic language skills; Ethiopia;

읽기 텍스트에서 한자병기를 활용한 한국어 어휘 교육 방안

In this study, Chinese learners proposed Writing with Chinese characters adjacently as a way to increase the efficiency of learning Korean vocabulary and reading comprehension. To prove this justification, 30 Chinese international students currently studying at Korean universities were randomly selected and surveyed. In addition, the effectiveness of Writing with Chinese characters adjacently on reading education and vocabulary acquisition was examined by writing Chinese characters together in the "Chinese character vocabulary" melted in the learning textbook. Accordingly, based on their background knowledge of Chinese characters, Chinese learners concluded that they not only easily understand the meaning of the text but also are effective in acquiring vocabulary. It should also not be overlooked that this can be an important motivation for learners in Chinese character cultures to learn Korean rather than learners in other cultures. Based on the conclusions drawn here, it is possible to find new teachinglearning methods that can efficiently acquire Korean vocabulary and improve reading skills. In order for this Chinese character method to establish itself as a Korean language teaching method for Korean learners in the Chinese character culture, it must be actively applied to various textbooks such as Korean reading textbooks, Korean vocabulary learning textbooks, and major textbooks. And it is necessary to be sure that Writing with Chinese characters adjacently can be the best means of helping understand Korean language.

The Effectiveness of Vocabulary Self-Collection Strategy On Students’ Reading And Vocabulary Achievement: A Quasi-Experimental Research

Reading skill and vocabulary mastery become very pivotal for the ESL students to understand the English language-used properly. That condition should be achieved with the right ways; and one of which is using the VSS. Therefore, this study aims at investigating the effectiveness of Vocabulary Self-collection Strategy (henceforth VSS) on students’ reading and the achievement of vocabulary. The quasi-experimental research was applied and the instruments were pretest-posttest. The VSS was used as the independent variable in this study while reading skill and vocabulary mastery were used as the dependent variables. The pretest-posttest was assigned to gather the data. Then, the test related to reading skill and vocabulary mastery were validated via the expert judgment and a validity of content. Additionally, the instruments regarding its reliability was measured by using the reliability of inter-rater. Afterwards, the parametric statistical technique of T-Test and MANOVA test using SPSS 22. Computer program was employed to analyze the data. The findings showed that VSS reveal a significant effect toward students’ reading skill and vocabulary mastery. This means that the students get easy to understand the English texts given. It is due to their prior knowledge of vocabulary they have too. This study also proves that the use of VSS can be one of the ways of other strategies to teach the reading and vocabulary in the ESL context.