Reading Radio Frequency Identification Research Articles

Inventory Robots: Performance Evaluation of an RFID-Based Navigation Strategy

Inventory robots produce accurate results while reducing costs. Such robots are specialized in navigating around store/warehouse facilities while reading radiofrequency identification (RFID) tags. However, commercial stores pose a serious challenge to navigation capabilities since these scenarios are likely to be modified relatively frequently. Current solutions involve having to re-map the modified layout and redesign the robots’ routes. This means that a human operator must direct the robot through the target area, reducing the autonomy and scalability of these solutions. The main goals of this article are: first, assessing the feasibility of RFID-based exploration to enable autonomous mapping of inventory environments; and second, comparing the classical robotic navigation based on waypoints to the RFID-based navigation strategy. It will be shown that RFID-based strategies can be used to successfully build maps autonomously and obtain similar inventory accuracies when compared the current non-autonomous strategies.

Lock-in amplifier as an alternative for reading Radio-Frequency identification (RFID) tags in sensing applications

High-frequency (HF) radio-frequency identification (RFIDs) tags can be combined to electrodes coated with semiconducting thin-films to produce low-cost and disposable sensors with wireless capabilities. Mobile phone applications generally use near-field connection (NFC) to read chip digital information, providing discrete information from the device. To obtain a continuous analogic reading, more sophisticated equipment such as spectrum analyzers are needed. In the present article, we describe a method to obtain the frequency response spectrum of RFID tags using synchronous detection via a lock-in amplifier. The tags were coupled to interdigitated electrodes coated with semiconducting metal oxides (SMOs) to produce UV-sensors and with semiconducting polymer polyaniline (Pani) as chemically responsive wireless devices for the proof-of-concept of the developed method.

UHF RFID Handset Antenna Design With Slant Polarization for IoT and Future 5G Enabled Smart Cities Applications Using CM Analysis

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a pivotal technology to realize the Internet of Things (IoT) dreams and considered as a last-mile solution. Therefore, this paper presents a novel compact antenna design for UHF RFID handset with angle-adjustable linear polarization using characteristic mode analysis. The proposed antenna design consists of a multi-orientation dipole partially printed on three sides of C shaped F4B substrate and an internal ground behind the handset screen. First of all, different characteristic modes of multi-orientation dipole and ground plane are analyzed using characteristic mode analysis, which shows that the vertical polarization is provided by ground plane, and the horizontal polarization is produced by the dipole. Secondly, the proposed multi-orientation dipole is connected with internal ground using two metal shorting strips to adjust the polarization angle. Finally, a suitable feeding position is selected to excite the required characteristic modes to get the radiation pattern with slant polarization. This antenna covers whole US UHF RFID band ranging from 902 - 928 MHz. The advantage behind slant polarization lies in reading of RFID tags with both horizontal and vertical orientations. A prototype of antenna with 45-degree linear polarization angle is fabricated to prove the concept, and the measurement results are matched well with simulated results. Furthermore, this paper paves the way to use typical android phone-sized handheld reader as terminal device for future IoT applications ranging from consumer terminal devices to infotainment solutions by providing capability of reading RFID tag with different orientations.

A novel, cost efficient identification method for disassembly planning of waste electrical and electronic equipment

Waste electrical and electronic equipment belongs to a waste group with high recycling potential. After disassembly, the materials can be recycled, bringing economic and environmental benefits. The critical issue in the reverse supply chain is the exchange of information between manufacturers of electrical and electronic equipment and disassembly plants about products entering the market and the raw materials and hazardous substances used.The purpose of this research is to explore the application of an innovative data encoding system for manufacturers of electrical and electronic equipment for disassembling and recycling purposes. The method proposed in this study focuses on the possibility of using the existing identification systems in manufacturing, like 2D-codes and radiofrequency identification (RFID), at the disassembly and recycling stage at the end of life of the products. Encoding the data in a label by any manufacturer within the demands of the novel ID system should be low cost and easy in application. Decoding the data from a label when waste equipment reaches the end of life should be fast and simple by a disassembling company. The product data are accessible directly from the label without connection to an external database using 2D codes, RFID and label background colour.Real world tests were provided in two electrical and electronic equipment factories to verify the usability of the proposed method at the manufacturing stage. The findings show that the cost of this method implementation in real manufacturing conditions is minimal. It can be introduced in any manufacturing plant without changes in the assembly line layout. The existing product identification system can be enriched with additional data, encoded in 2D-code (Data Matrix or QR) or RFID tag. In addition, it is possible to use a coloured label background for a simple visual method to identify material contents. Laboratory tests simulated the disassembly stage and capability of data extraction from labels, indicating easy reading 2D-code labels and RFID tags for mediumsized equipment. RFID tags for compact and small equipment had reduced reading range caused by the metal casing.

The reliability problems of reading RFID tags in logistics warehouse systems

The use of RFID (radio frequency identification) tags in logistic warehousing systems has been analysed. The research was carried out at the RFID measuring station at Wroclaw University of Technology. The test results for 125 kHz tags in dynamic write and read tags in one or several variants are presented. The applications presented in the article are universal and apply in widely understood logistic systems. In particular, they define the area of their use in logistic storage systems, in particular the identification of tagged and conveyed craft units, forklift trucks / stackers, or manually. Test results may improve the reliability of the automatic identification subsystem in logistic storage systems.

Cluster-Based Multipolling Sequencing Algorithm for Collecting RFID Data in Wireless LANs

AbstractWith the growing use of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), it is becoming important to devise ways to read RFID tags in real time. Access points (APs) of IEEE 802.11-based wireless Local Area Networks (LANs) are being integrated with RFID networks that can efficiently collect real-time RFID data. Several schemes, such as multipolling methods based on the dynamic search algorithm and random sequencing, have been proposed. However, as the number of RFID readers associated with an AP increases, it becomes difficult for the dynamic search algorithm to derive the multipolling sequence in real time. Though multipolling methods can eliminate the polling overhead, we still need to enhance the performance of the multipolling methods based on random sequencing. To that extent, we propose a real-time cluster-based multipolling sequencing algorithm that drastically eliminates more than 90% of the polling overhead, particularly so when the dynamic search algorithm fails to derive the multipolling sequence in real time.

양식용 철제 가두리에 대한 RFID 태그 인식률 개선에 관한 연구

본 논문은 항만폐기물 수거에 및 관리에 자동인식 시스템인 RFID를 활용하기 위한 선행연구로써, 최근 급속히 늘고 있는 구리와 아연합금의 양식용 철제 가두리에 대하여 RFID를 부착하는 효율적인 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 이는 재활용률 향상과 환경오염 예방을 위하여 꼭 해결이 필요한 과제인데, 철제 가두리는 사용 환경 특성으로 인하여 수분이 함유된 철제 어구(fishing equipment)인 바, 금속 혹은 고무, 유리 등과 같은 물질에 RFID 태그를 부착할 때 발생하는 RFID 인식률과 관련된 중요한 기술적 난제인 RFID에너지의 반사와 흡수 현상을 극복할 수 있는 실용적 방안이 강구되어야 한다. 최근 스티로폼(Styrofoam)이나 합성수지 등을 이용하여 금속에 부착할 수 있는 900MHz 대역의 금속태그가 개발되어 보급되고 있으나, 이 또한 일반 태그에 비하면 가격이 상대적으로 고가인 현실적인 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 전형적 금속형 어구인 철제 가두리를 대상으로 RFID 인식률 향상을 위한 스치로폼 패드(styrofoam pad) 활용 방안을 제시하고, 아울러 안테나 각도 등의 리더기 활용 최적조건 등을 실험을 통하여 살펴본다. 실험계획 및 분석은 다구찌(Taguchi)기법을 적용하였고, Minitab S/W를 활용하였다. 실험결과로써, 스티로폼 패드의 두께는 두꺼울수록 좋으며, 태그의 부착위치는 모서리(edge)부분, 리더기 각도는 <TEX>$0^{\circ}$</TEX>(정면)가 인식률이 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다. RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification) is an emerging technology which brings enormous productivity benefits in applications where objects have to be identified automatically. But despite of RFID's advantage, it is not easy to realize the RFID technology in business world. The failure to read RFID tags is the most urgent problem that should be solved for RFID application. Specially, in metal and liquid material, recognition rate of RFID tag is lower than others. Though some special tags for metal and liquid have been invented, it has not prevalent in business world on account of high price. In this paper, styrofoam pad is suggested to improve recognition rate of RFID tag for metal pipe which is used in fish cultivating industry. We makes experiment using Taguchi method and analyze the effects on styrofoam thickness, attachment location of tag, and angle of antenna.

Mirror-Integrated Transparent Antenna for RFID Application

An optically transparent antenna array is presented for radio frequency identification (RFID) systems, operating in the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) band. The antenna is intended for nonintrusive integration into the mirror surface of fitting rooms in apparel stores, keeping with the typical small depth of the mirror structure and low cost. The antenna is used to read RFID tags attached to clothes being tried on, so that the associated system can automatically provide the client with interactive information regarding that specific piece of clothing. The antenna ensures self-confined reading range in front of the mirror, avoiding undesired detection of RFID tags from adjacent fitting rooms. The final antenna solution shows a good compromise between transparency and performance, with well-confined RFID detection volume.

RuBee: applying low‐frequency technology for retail and medical uses

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore RuBee, which is a new form of automatic identification technology that can complement many of the new developments for the use of radio frequency identification (RFID). This is a timely piece, which examines the technology behind RuBee and the uses of this new identification tool.Design/methodology/approachThis technology is explored through a review of the available information on RuBee, examining the emerging standards for the technology from the The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE).FindingsThrough the use of magnetic energy for communications, RuBee provides superior reading capabilities vs RFID in environments involving metal and water. RuBee also provides many of the advantages found in active RFID, with unlimited life span and far lower costs.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of this study center on the fact that RuBee is an emerging technology and while the IEEE will be providing a standards framework, much work remains to be done to see how the technology will be applied in appropriate and cost‐effective ways.Practical implicationsThis paper will allow executives as well as technologists to examine RuBee as both an alternative and a complement to RFID technology for use in myriad settings.Originality/valueThis article will be of value to both practitioners and academicians in several fields, including retail and health care management as these people consider RuBee, RFID and other automatic identification technologies as a means of providing solutions to business problems and return on investment from technological applications.

Adaptive Framework for Collisions in RFID Tag Identification

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is promising, as a technique, to enable tracking of essential information about objects as they pass through supply chains. Information thus tracked can be utilised to efficiently operate the supply chain. Effective management of the supply chain translates to huge competitive advantage for the firms involved. Among several issues that impede seamless integration of RFID tags in a supply chain, one of the problems encountered while reading RFID tags is that of collision, which occurs when multiple tags transmit data to the same receiver slot. Data loss due to collision necessitates re-transmission of lost data. We consider this problem when Framed Slotted ALOHA protocol is used. Using machine learning, we adaptively configure the number of slots per frame to reduce the number of collisions while improving throughput.