Reading Of Classical Texts Research Articles

Comparative Organic Reading in the Responsive Rhetoric of Plato’s Gorgias, Aristotle’s Rhetoric, and Augustine’s On Christian Doctrine

This study introduces a new methodology for reading Plato’s Gorgias (c. 380 BC), Aristotle’s Rhetoric (384–322 BC), and Augustine’s On Christian Doctrine (Books I–III, A.D. 396/7, Book IV, A.D. 426). Taking Gorgias as a mutual text, this study adopts a “comparative organic reading” to evaluate ways in which Aristotle and Augustine responded to Gorgias. Comparative organic reading is the assertion, by reader-centered progressive, formative, and hermeneutic selective reading action, that a textual understanding can be potentially created between Rhetoric and On Christian Doctrine, which are not directly compared. This argument can be justified by comparing the responsive rhetoric of these two texts, which implies that in Gorgias, Socrates was rather negative about rhetoric, while in Rhetoric and On Christian Doctrine, both Aristotle and Augustine, respectively, established a different opinion that seems to justify the development of rhetoric. The findings of this study reveal that “comparative organic reading” is a kind of reading pattern that meditates a text as a reader. Therefore, it seems legitimate to propose that the comparative methodology of modern readers’ reading of classical texts―that is, the way in which two texts are selectively chosen by the reader’s recognition of a common reaction to one text―is consistent with Roland Barthes’s notion of “The Death of the Author,” which is equivalent to what this article identifies as comparative epiphany. The aesthetics of comparative organic reading in triumphant moments of comparative epiphany present endless opportunities for comparative readers to share their findings with other readers.

Islamic Hermeneutics of Nonviolence: Key Concepts and Methodological Steps

The article traces the key concepts and methodological steps that make an Islamic theology of nonviolence plausible. It offers the tools for a critical reading of classical texts, “sacred” history, and globalized modernity. The article deals with the theology of nonviolence as part of modern and contemporary theologies: those of religious pluralism, feminism and liberation, which are interconnected and share the same hermeneutical knots and challenges. Nonviolence theology can be considered the big umbrella that includes all these aspects. It is a postcolonial approach, nurtured by Sufism, that aims to liberate theology from past and present power claims and build the bases for radical reform.

El papel social y educativo de la crítica literaria

Este ensayo es una reflexión sobre el papel de la crítica en el ámbito de los estudios literarios y la misión del profesor como orientador en la lectura de textos clásicos. Se plantea que la crítica cumple un rol de orientación y persuasión en la lectura y de ella el provecho para la interpretación y valoración de la obra literaria.

Dari ‘illah ke maqasid: formula dinamisasi hukum Islam di era kekinian melalui pengembangan konsep maqasid

This article has been pushed by the fact that the reading of classical texts does not involve the conciousness that the texts present not in a hollow space, but in a chamber having its own language, culture, values, social institutions and other patterns of social relations. This is a pure library study; all data sources are in the form of written materials related to the topic that has been set. Then these concepts, with the help of modern literature, are developed in line with the present context. Three things formulated in this study are: the concept of ‘illah, maqasid, and the development of maqasid concepts in order to make Islamic law remain dynamic. The content and the range of meaning of each of the five maqasid formulated by al-Syatibi can bedeveloped due to the demands of the present context. Therefore, the development of content and range of meaning is carried out by this paper. The author put a great effort to put a number of Qur’anic verses as the guide and giver of moral messages. Themes such as religious freedom, the maintenance of natural resources from exploitation and extermination, gender equality, nourishing the generations from neglect, oppression and poverty, and must enable the common sense in all things, in the opinion of the author are able to fill all of the content as well as expand the range of concepts of maqasid in the contemporary era.

Re-Reading Sociology via the Emotions: Karl Marx's Theory of Human Nature and Estrangement

Marx's conception of human nature includes human “passions” and “emotions” as fundamental, integrative aspects of our social nature and our human capacity for “free conscious activity.” However, “emotion” has been largely excluded from the sociological lexicon and the capacity for conscious action has often been viewed at the level of the individual actor and, moreover, in overly “cognitive” and “rational” terms. As a result, the very reading of classic texts has been historically biased against the seeing of emotion, even when it is addressed. What difference does the inclusion of emotion in Marx's conception of human nature make for our understanding of both his theory of estrangement and related work today?

Modernity and diversity: reflections on the controversy between modernization theory and multiple modernists

The article revisits modernization theory’s convergence claim, which has been strongly criticized by multiple modernists, who maintain that emerging realities have not borne out its underlying premises. Based on a thorough reading of classical texts, the article reconstructs the term’s meaning within a modernization-theoretical frame of reference and then considers the evidence that multiple modernists hold against it. It finds that none of the observations cited by leading multiple modernists are able to challenge modernization theory, which can easily accommodate the kinds of difference invoked by its critics. East-Asian modernity in particular, to which both sides assign special weight for any test of modernization theory, appears remarkably similar to Western modernity when viewed through the lenses of this theory. At the same time, the literature on multiple modernities, despite pleading to take difference seriously, is silent about differences that large parts of the less-developed world exhibit vis-a-vis the West and East Asia in social-structural and cultural respects, indicating different degrees of modernization. The article concludes with a brief note on the differential weight of different kinds of diversity for different reference problems and a suggestion for a constructive resolution of the conflict between the two approaches.

Os textos clássicos e o movimento da história

The reading of classical texts in the course of teaching of UNAES was the subject of a research monograph in 2007. Was undertaken on a research institution, the course and its library. Through analysis of menus, bars and record of the collection was found that the devaluation of the classic text is not a phenomenon restricted to the classroom, and that two subjects are to be exceptions in the midst of the general rule: use of teaching materials, parts of dissertations and photocopies of book chapters contemporaries. Discourse, practice and line of thought of teachers of the subjects studied were analyzed with the aim of demonstrating that the strand Marxist "science of history" requires a teaching based on common historical scientificity to classical texts.

The withering of tolerance and communication in interdisciplinary accounting studies

PurposeA reply to Tony Tinker's paper, “The withering of criticism”.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs argument and discourse to critique Tinker's paper and defend the author's position.FindingsThe paper shows how oddly our work has been represented, and that Tinker's claims are unsupported. It rejects Tinker's reading of classical texts as the only valid one, and argues that his reductionist critique could hinder the advancement of interdisciplinary accounting research. We conclude our reply by urging scholars to intervene in worldly affairs by ensuring that intellectual activity is diverse, not stereotypical or predictable.Originality/valueArgues the importance of scholars' engagement in worldly affairs, including matters of policy and practice, from diverse perspectives.

Književnost pri pouku latinščine v osnovni šoli

Prispevek se ukvarja z vprašanjem, kako obravnavati literarne vsebine iz antične književnosti pri pouku latinščine na osnovni šoli. Temeljno izhodišče referata je, da je tudi na osnovnošolski stopnji pouka latinščine potrebno obravnavati literarne vsebine, ki so ustrezno prilagojene osebnemu razvoju učencev. Pri tem si avtorica zastavlja vprašanje, ali je recepcija antične književnosti v osnovni šoli mogoča, v kolikšni meri in kakšna je pri tem vloga učitelja. V drugem delu referata je prikazana okvirna opredelitev literarnih vsebin pri pouku latinščine, kaj naj le-ta vsebuje in kakšni naj bodo njegovi cilji, predstavljenih pa je tudi nekaj primerov pedagoške prakse pri pouku književnosti.

Sociological Theory and History of Sociology: Autonomy and Interdependence

tinction between the history and systematics of sociological theory, as I had done very briefly in print before in the introduction to my own explicitly theoretical treatment of the classics (1976). I am not a historian of sociology, although I have published pieces on Marx (1971), Weber (1970), and Parsons (1978; Cartwright and Warner, 1976), and I have been privileged to be a sometime member of George Stocking's Chicago Group for the History of the Social Sciences since its inception six years ago. I speak as a social theorist, making no claim for the originality of what I take to be obvious points, which, however, seem to have been forgotten in the current debate. Above all, I rise to defend the reading of classic texts by present-day working sociologists, on the one hand, and the achievements of intellectual historians, on the other. Because of space limits, I will overstate my case and appear both more presentist than Seidman and more historicist than Jones.