Mind Reading Research Articles

Chisco: An EEG-based BCI dataset for decoding of imagined speech

The rapid advancement of deep learning has enabled Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) technology, particularly neural decoding techniques, to achieve higher accuracy and deeper levels of interpretation. Interest in decoding imagined speech has significantly increased because its concept akin to “mind reading”. However, previous studies on decoding neural language have predominantly focused on brain activity patterns during human reading. The absence of imagined speech electroencephalography (EEG) datasets has constrained further research in this field. We present the Chinese Imagined Speech Corpus (Chisco), including over 20,000 sentences of high-density EEG recordings of imagined speech from healthy adults. Each subject’s EEG data exceeds 900 minutes, representing the largest dataset per individual currently available for decoding neural language to date. Furthermore, the experimental stimuli include over 6,000 everyday phrases across 39 semantic categories, covering nearly all aspects of daily language. We believe that Chisco represents a valuable resource for the fields of BCIs, facilitating the development of more user-friendly BCIs.

The Effect Of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) In Reducing Anxiety In Unemployed Pilot School Graduates

This study aims to determine the effect of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in reducing anxiety in unemployed pilot school graduates. The research method used in this study is to use an experimental research design. The research design that will be used in this study is a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study were 9 graduates of the 2019 class of BIFA pilot school, while the sample was 3 graduates of the 2019 class of BIFA pilot school who were not yet working. And the results of this study state that there was a decrease in anxiety of 55% for the first subject, 32% for the second subject, and 51% for the third subject. This means that there is a change in reducing the level of anxiety in unemployed pilot school graduates after being given MBCT. Also MBCT is also able to reduce negative or dysfunctional thoughts. Aspects that decreased included aspects of labelling, catastrophizing, regret orientation, what if, mind reading, and should-must.

Reading minds in the eyes with GPT4-vision

Reading minds in the eyes with GPT4-vision

Impact of alexithymia, speech problems and parental emotion recognition on internalizing and externalizing problems in preschoolers.

Alexithymia, characterized by difficulty identifying and describing emotions and an externally oriented thinking style, is a personality trait linked to various mental health issues. Despite its recognized importance, research on alexithymia in early childhood is sparse. This study addresses this gap by investigating alexithymia in preschool-aged children and its correlation with psychopathology, along with parental alexithymia. Data were analyzed from 174 parents of preschoolers aged 3 to 6, including 27 children in an interdisciplinary intervention program, all of whom attended regular preschools. Parents filled out online questionnaires assessing their children's alexithymia (Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire-Parent Report) and psychopathology (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), as well as their own alexithymia (Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire) and emotion recognition (Reading Mind in the Eyes Test). Linear multivariable regressions were computed to predict child psychopathology based on both child and parental alexithymia. Preschool children's alexithymia could be predicted by their parents' alexithymia and parents' emotion recognition skills. Internalizing symptomatology could be predicted by overall child alexithymia, whereas externalizing symptomatology was predicted by difficulties describing negative feelings only. Parental alexithymia was linked to both child alexithymia and psychopathology. The findings provide first evidence of the importance of alexithymia as a possible risk factor in early childhood and contribute to understanding the presentation and role of alexithymia. This could inform future research aimed at investigating the causes, prevention, and intervention strategies for psychopathology in children.

MENTAL HEALTH HEROES: Skills desired by professionals for person-centered psychosocial care

The paradigm of psychosocial care in mental health is guided by the assistance provided in the territory to facilitate the identification and meeting of people's needs, as well as favoring psychosocial reintegration. The objective was to describe the competencies desired by mental health professionals for person-centered psychosocial care. This is an intervention research with a qualitative approach carried out with 30 professionals from two Psychosocial Care Centers in the central region of Brazil from October to December 2022. Four group meetings were held in the format of experiential workshops recorded in audio format. For data collection, the “My superpower” technique was used, in which professionals expressed which skills they would like to have in their care practice. The data was subjected to thematic content analysis. The skills desired by professionals were: usable and useful intelligence, time control, reading minds, reading thoughts, erasing minds, healing, eliminating pain, adjusting family relationships, forgetting the past, clearing hurts, welcoming with quality and in a short time develop coping strategies and instill hope. Some competencies are linked to the psychosocial and person-centered care model, while others are associated with the biomedical model based on curative practices.

The neural structures of theory of mind are valence-sensitive: evidence from three tDCS studies.

Several cortical structures are involved in theory of mind (ToM), including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and the right temporo- parietal junction (rTPJ). We investigated the role of these regions in mind reading with respect to the valence of mental states. Sixty-five healthy adult participants were recruited and received transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) (1.5mA, 20min) with one week interval in three separate studies. The stimulation conditions were anodal tDCS over the dlPFC coupled with cathodal tDCS over the vmPFC, reversed stimulation conditions, and sham in the first study, and anodal tDCS over the vmPFC, or dlPFC, and sham stimulation, with an extracranial return electrode in the second and third study. During stimulation, participants underwent the reading mind from eyes/voice tests (RMET or RMVT) in each stimulation condition. Anodal left dlPFC/cathodal right vmPFC stimulation increased the accuracy of negative mental state attributions, anodal rTPJ decreased the accuracy of negative and neutral mental state attributions, and decreased the reaction time of positive mental state attributions. Our results imply that the neural correlates of ToM are valence-sensitive.

Mind reading dysfunctions in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: A neuropsychological approach.

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder that has been extensively studied for its effects on cognitive functions. However, little attention has been given to investigating Mind Reading (MR) skills in patients with OSAS. In this study, we employed a neuropsychological approach to thoroughly assess various facets of MR skills in patients with OSAS. Forty-two patients with untreated moderate or severe OSAS (AHI ≥15; 30 men, 12 women) and 16 healthy controls (7 men and 9 women), matched by age, were enrolled. To assess MR skills, we used: (i) The Story-based Empathy Task (SET), which includes three experimental conditions: identifying intentions (SET-IA), emotional states (SET-EA), and a control condition for inferring causality reactions (SET-CI); (ii) the Ekman 60 Faces Test (Ek60), which measures emotion recognition from facial expressions. Our findings revealed that patients with OSAS exhibit deficits in emotion-related MR skills, while their ability to make inferences about the cognitive states of social partners remains largely preserved. This finding corroborates previous evidence indicating that social cognition, particularly MR skills, may be one of the cognitive domains affected by OSAS. It emphasizes the significance of investigating social cognition and the relationship between MR skills and social functioning as a new and intriguing area of research in patients with OSAS.

Banning biometric mind reading: the case for criminalising mind probing

ABSTRACT Several emerging technologies afford a specific type of interference with privacy which has not yet been conceptualised: inferring information about mental properties of persons on the basis of physiological or biometric signals, in short: mind probing. This paper conceptualises it, analyses several forms and proposes concrete norms that ban and criminalise it. Facial emotion recognition, neuroimaging, or wearable consumer devices such as smartwatches process biometric data to draw inferences about minds; the prevalence and sophistication of such mind probes will soon increase through AI data analysis. This paper explores how human rights law, the EU General Data Protection Regulation and the EU AI Act address mind probes and shows why the current level of protection appears insufficient. This motivates novel norms banning and criminalising non-consensual biometric-based forms of mind reading, ensuring that at least some parts of the mind remain in principle free from non-consensual mind probing.

Neurorights, Mental Privacy, and Mind Reading

A pressing worry in the ongoing neurorights debate is the language used to advocate for newly proposed rights. This paper addresses this concern by first examining the partial and ambiguous associations between mind reading and neurotechnology, often cited by advocates in support of the right to mental privacy. Secondly, it addresses the conceptual foundations of mind reading, distinguishing between natural, digital, and neurotechnological forms. These distinctions serve to highlight the normative parallels in privacy vulnerabilities between neurotechnology and other mind-reading methods, with an emphasis on multimodal digital systems. I suggest that authentic safeguards for the mental realm demand an expansion of the protective ambit beyond brain-targeted devices to recognize the spectrum of mind-reading applications. Ultimately, this urges re-evaluation of the scope and justification of a right to mental privacy owing to the need for coherent frameworks in an increasingly interconnected digital landscape.

Home among right angles: cube living

This article focuses on the dwellings of the Villa in Beroun in the Czech Republic, designed by HŠH Architects, and Buckminster Fuller’s Dymaxion, with architectural designs inspired by games, toys and creative play. The architectural designs inspired by the stacking blocks Lego®, K’nex® and Cidori® are explored and compared to GC Prostho by Kengo Kuma. The environmental implications of housing designs with malleable layouts, which reduce the need for constant changing and moving of houses throughout occupant lifetimes, are explored. The melding of the house and the game as a basis for rethinking the home space, which allows for rearranging walls and renewable capsular compartments, are analysed through the unsuccessful Nakagin Capsule Tower case study. The Villa in Beroun was dissected using gestalt psychology in order to unpack how the human mind reads its enveloping, malleable design. Due to its unique approach to black steel, concrete and glass material, the Villa in Beroun was analysed against new brutalist definitions.

Several inaccurate or erroneous conceptions and misleading propaganda about brain-computer interfaces.

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a revolutionizing human-computer interaction, which has potential applications for specific individuals or groups in specific scenarios. Extensive research has been conducted on the principles and implementation methods of BCI, and efforts are currently being made to bridge the gap from research to real-world applications. However, there are inaccurate or erroneous conceptions about BCI among some members of the public, and certain media outlets, as well as some BCI researchers, developers, manufacturers, and regulators, propagate misleading or overhyped claims about BCI technology. Therefore, this article summarizes the several misconceptions and misleading propaganda about BCI, including BCI being capable of "mind-controlled," "controlling brain," "mind reading," and the ability to "download" or "upload" information from or to the brain using BCI, among others. Finally, the limitations (shortcomings) and limits (boundaries) of BCI, as well as the necessity of conducting research aimed at countering BCI systems are discussed, and several suggestions are offered to reduce misconceptions and misleading claims about BCI.

The Role of Social Cognition in Depression and Its Relationship to Early Maladaptive Schemas

Background: Social cognition is the capacity to detect, comprehend, and evaluate environmentally relevant information and serves as a critical skill for effective interpersonal functioning. A significant clinical characteristic of depressive illness is the impairment in social and interpersonal functioning. Given the increasing prevalence of interpersonal difficulties among individuals with depression, it is crucial to get a greater insight into the underlying cognitive mechanisms leading to these social deficits. Alongside, early maladaptive schemas (EMS) also serve as proximal cognitive risk factors for depression. Altered socio-cognitive functioning in individuals with can help to draw a connection between impaired social cognition and EMS. In this context, the present study explores the role of social cognition in individuals with depression in relation to EMS. Methods: In this study, individuals of both genders ( N = 60) were pooled based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and screened for depression through the Beck Depression Inventory. Emotion Recognition and Theory of Mind (ToM) were assessed using the Reading Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and Theory of Mind Assessment Scale (TH.O.M.A.S), respectively. EMS was assessed using the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form. Results: Results indicate individuals with depression were found to be impaired in both domains of social cognition-emotion recognition and ToM. Individuals with depression also exhibited a greater number of EMS. A significant association was found between EMS and social cognition in depression. Moreover, few of the EMS emerged as significant predictors for social cognition in depression. Conclusion: Individuals with depression exhibit impairment in “reading” social interactions. Moreover, they exhibit specific EMS that emerges as significant predictors of social cognition. Implications of the study focus on recognizing EMS as a tool for addressing the socio-cognitive impairment in depression.

Atypical social cognition processing in bulimia nervosa: an fMRI study of patients thinking of others' mental states.

Feeding and eating disorders are severe mental disorders that gravely affect patients' lives. In particular, patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN) appear to have poor social cognition. Many studies have shown the relationship between poor social cognition and brain responses in AN. However, few studies have examined the relationship between social cognition and BN. Therefore, we examined which brain regions impact the ability for social cognition in patients with BN. We used task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine brain responses during a social cognition task and the Reading Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). During the fMRI, 22 women with BN and 22 healthy women (HW) took the RMET. Participants also completed the eating disorder clinical measures Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE) and Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) measure of depression; and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) measure of anxiety. No difference was observed in the RMET scores between women with BN and HW. Both groups showed activation in brain regions specific to social cognition. During the task, no differences were shown between the groups in the BOLD signal (p < 0.05, familywise error correctedfor multiple comparisons). However, there was a tendency of more robust activation in the right angular gyrus, ventral diencephalon, thalamus proper, temporal pole, and middle temporal gyrus in BN (p < 0.001, uncorrectedfor multiple comparisons). Moreover, HW showed a positive correlation between RMET scores and the activation of two regions: medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC); however, no significant correlation was observed in women with BN. While activation in the mPFC and ACC positively correlated to the RMET scores in HW, no correlation was observed in BN patients. Therefore, women with BN might display modulated neural processing when thinking of others' mental states. Further examination is needed to investigate neural processing in BN patients to better understand their social cognition abilities. UMIN, UMIN000010220. Registered 13 March 2013, https://rctportal.niph.go.jp/s/detail/um?trial_id=UMIN000010220.

Rights and Wrongs in Talk of Mind-Reading Technology.

This article examines the idea of mind-reading technology by focusing on an interesting case of applying a large language model (LLM) to brain data. On the face of it, experimental results appear to show that it is possible to reconstruct mental contents directly from brain data by processing via a chatGPT-like LLM. However, the author argues that this apparent conclusion is not warranted. Through examining how LLMs work, it is shown that they are importantly different from natural language. The former operates on the basis of nonrational data transformations based on a large textual corpus. The latter has a rational dimension, being based on reasons. Using this as a basis, it is argued that brain data does not directly reveal mental content, but can be processed to ground predictions indirectly about mental content. The author concludes that this is impressive but different in principle from technology-mediated mind reading. The applications of LLM-based brain data processing are nevertheless promising for speech rehabilitation or novel communication methods.

Clinical Experiences Using Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Eating Disorders

Data suggests that despite the availability of evidence-based psychological treatments for eating disorders (EDs), techniques from these therapies may be less frequently used within real-life clinical practice. The aim of this study was to provide the opportunity for clinicians to give feedback on their experiences treating EDs using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) through reporting on use of CBT techniques and barriers to treatment implementation in naturalistic settings. Clinicians (N = 126) who self-identified as using CBT for EDs reported demographic information, frequency/usefulness of empirically supported treatment techniques, problems/limitations of CBT, and barriers faced while implementing CBT. The most frequently used technique reported by clinicians was psychoeducation, and the least frequently used technique was use of surveys to address mind reading. Patients’ unwillingness to follow a meal plan/nutritional guide was rated as the most impactful barrier, alongside ED severity. Of the problems/limitations of CBT, too little guidance on treating co-occurring symptoms was rated as the most impactful. This study provided a mechanism for clinicians to share their experiences using CBT for EDs in real-world settings. Overall, results regarding frequency of use and usefulness of techniques indicate a high level of endorsement. Moreover, the most frequently endorsed barriers to/limitations of CBT related to lack of guidance on treating complex ED presentations. Future research should explore ways to treat cases that go beyond the prototypical ED case and explore ways to adapt CBT to meet the needs of naturalistic treatment settings.

Reading Minds: The Mens Rea Requirement for ATA Aiding and Abetting Liability in Light of Twitter v. Taamneh

Reading Minds: The Mens Rea Requirement for ATA Aiding and Abetting Liability in Light of Twitter v. Taamneh

Theory of mind and metacognition in migraine patients

Objective: Theory of Mind (ToM) and metacognition are distinct psychological constructs, involving the understanding of emotions and mental states in oneself and others. Despite their relevance, these concepts have been poorly investigated in adult migraine groups and the findings in the existing literature are inconsistent. Our objective was to assess the hypothesis that theory of mind skills and metacognitive abilities are impaired in individuals with migraine. Material-Method: We included 23 individuals with Episodic Migraine (EM), 19 with Chronic Migraine (CM) and 30 Healthy Controls (HCs). To assess Theory of Mind (ToM) skills and metacognitive abilities, participants, including both EM and CM patients in an attack-free period, as well as HCs, underwent the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Reading Mind in the Eyes test (RMET) and Metacognition Scale (MCQ). Results: Patients with CM exhibited higher BDI scores compared to both EM patients and HCs (p=.018, p=.032, respectively). Furthermore, the RMET scores of CM patients were significantly lower than those of the HCs (p=.011). MCQ scores did not show significant differences between the groups (p=.288). Notably, MCQ scores were positively correlated with BDI scores (r=0.42, p&lt;0.0001), and RMET scores were negatively correlated with the duration of migraine (r=-0.46, p=0.003). Conclusion: Our findings highlight the presence of ToM skills impairments in adult migraine patients, particularly associated with the chronicity of the disease. Managing migraine in patients should consider addressing the observed low ToM skills as part of the overall approach.

The Mind Reading Act

The Mind Reading Act

초등학생용 마음읽기 향상 집단상담 프로그램 개발 및 효과성 검증

This study was conducted to examine whether a group counseling program to improve mind-reading was effective in improving mind-reading and peer relationships in elementary school children. First, after implementing the mind reading improvement group counseling program developed in this study, dependent samples t-test was conducted for each of the experimental and control groups. As a result, the experimental group had statistically significant mean differences in interactive reading and mind reading, but the control group did not show significant results. Next, analysis of covariance and multivariate analysis of covariance were conducted to examine whether this program was purely effective in improving mind reading and peer relationships. As a result, the experimental group significantly improved than the control group in both mind reading and its subfactors, namely interaction reading and higher order thought reading, but no significant results were found in peer relationships. Implications and suggestions were presented based on the research results.

부모의 심리적 통제가 대학생의 이성 간 비현실적 기대에 미치는 영향: 정서표현 양가성에 의한 부적응적 완벽주의의 조절된 매개효과

Objectives: This study was conducted to verify the moderated mediating effect of maladaptive perfectionism by ambivalence over emotional expression in the effect of parental psychological control on unrealistic expectations among romantic relationships of university students. Method: Data collected for this study were analyzed for correlation, mediating effect, and moderating effect of major variables applying SPSS 26 and PROCESS macro 4.0, and a boosting algorithm was employed to verify significance. Results: The influence of parents' psychological control on the unrealistic expectations of university students and the moderating effect of ambivalence of emotional expression on maladaptive perfectionism were confirmed. Conclusions: As a result of the study, it has been confirmed that relational ambivalence lowers mind reading among unrealistic expectations in romantic relationships. Therefore, it suggests that if you recognize and practice the importance of expressing emotions through counseling, you can help restore emotional communication and form healthy relationships.