Reading Comprehension Techniques Research Articles

Improving Reading Comprehension and Fluency in an Intellectually Disabled Student: A Case Study

Introduction: We can quickly access information in the modern world. Therefore, it is critical to concurrently improve reading fluency and comprehension skills. Techniques used to improve reading fluency can be categorized into two groups: skill-and performance-based. Interventional techniques used before, during, and after reading reportedly improve reading comprehension skills. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a series of interventions that combine skill and performance-based reading fluency techniques with reading comprehension techniques used during and after reading in improving reading fluency and comprehension skills of an intellectually disabled student. The uniqueness of this study is that it focuses on a child with intellectual disability, and it combines fluent reading and reading comprehension techniques. Method: This was a case study featuring a 13 year old male student enrolled in the sixth grade of a middle school who received interventions in a special education class for mild intellectual disability in Turkey. The intervention series was applied in ten sessions Findings: As a result of the interventions, there was a decrease in the number of misread words and increase in the number of correctly read words and reading comprehension level compared to the baseline values. The student maintained the acquisitions he gained during the intervention and in the following weeks. Discussion: In conclusion, the intervention package developed for an intellectual disability student was effective in improving and maintaining the student”s reading fluency and reading comprehension skills. Further studies with larger samples are needed to test the generalizability of the results.

Application of machine reading comprehension techniques for named entity recognition in materials science

Materials science is an interdisciplinary field that studies the properties, structures, and behaviors of different materials. A large amount of scientific literature contains rich knowledge in the field of materials science, but manually analyzing these papers to find material-related data is a daunting task. In information processing, named entity recognition (NER) plays a crucial role as it can automatically extract entities in the field of materials science, which have significant value in tasks such as building knowledge graphs. The typically used sequence labeling methods for traditional named entity recognition in material science (MatNER) tasks often fail to fully utilize the semantic information in the dataset and cannot effectively extract nested entities. Herein, we proposed to convert the sequence labeling task into a machine reading comprehension (MRC) task. MRC method effectively can solve the challenge of extracting multiple overlapping entities by transforming it into the form of answering multiple independent questions. Moreover, the MRC framework allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the contextual information and semantic relationships within materials science literature, by integrating prior knowledge from queries. State-of-the-art (SOTA) performance was achieved on the Matscholar, BC4CHEMD, NLMChem, SOFC, and SOFC-Slot datasets, with F1-scores of 89.64%, 94.30%, 85.89%, 85.95%, and 71.73%, respectively in MRC approach. By effectively utilizing semantic information and extracting nested entities, this approach holds great significance for knowledge extraction and data analysis in the field of materials science, and thus accelerating the development of material science.Scientific contributionWe have developed an innovative NER method that enhances the efficiency and accuracy of automatic entity extraction in the field of materials science by transforming the sequence labeling task into a MRC task, this approach provides robust support for constructing knowledge graphs and other data analysis tasks.

Developing Learner Positive Attitudes Towards Reading Comprehension: A Strategy Instruction Approach

This quantitative study sought to explore how Strategy Instructions Approach (SIA) as reading comprehension technique can help develop positive attitudes in learners towards reading. This study was necessitated by the fact that most South African children do not have positive attitudes towards reading and, as such, are not motivated to do reading on their own. To develop a positive attitude towards reading, learners must acquire a rich vocabulary. To acquire a rich vocabulary, learners must be acquainted with the strategies required for decoding meaning from texts. Researchers revealed that English First Additional Language teachers do not have adequate skills to teach learners to effectively comprehend what they read. This study used SIA, which was found to be an effective way of teaching reading comprehension, to grade 8 learners in Elliotdale Circuit Management Centre (CMC) in the Amathole East District of the Eastern Cape of the Republic of South Africa. The aim of this study was to find out if SIA could be used to develop positive attitudes in the learners towards reading. Sixty learners were sampled from three schools, twenty per school, to take part in the study. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize and describe the data collected before and after the interventions. The study revealed that the use of SIA to teach reading comprehension developed positive attitudes of the learner participants towards reading. The study also recommends that school-based staff induction programs should equip teachers on how to use SIA as a strategy for reading comprehension. Teacher training should also equip pre-service teachers on SIA and other reading comprehension strategies.

Reading Comprehension in the Medical Education Curriculum during the covid 19: A global Perspective

The coronavirus caused the global effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, which began in early 2020. Due to the emergence of various infectious illnesses, it is essential for medical students to possess the skills to investigate and treat them. Therefore, it is essential for medical students to peruse the materials provided by the World Health Organisation in order to get a comprehensive understanding of the many symptoms associated with the recently emerged illness, as well as the need for early detection and prevention. Hence, the objective of this study is to emphasise the significance of medical students engaging with novel sources of information and how their proficiency in doing so, whether effective or ineffective, is contingent upon their reading comprehension strategies. Many medical students globally lack sufficient understanding of the recommended infection control practices. Their reading impairments also hindered their comprehension of their medical condition, resulting in delayed diagnosis and inadequate use of preventive medications. The study findings show that, due to the limited scope of medical education programmes, the curriculum for medical colleges did not provide comprehensive instruction on reading comprehension techniques. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive academic literacy training for medical research in these curricula. Thus, anyone pursuing a medical education should acquire knowledge by studying the resources provided by the World Health Organisation.

Developing AKM-like English Reading Literacy for EFL Students

This study was conducted to develop AKM-like English reading literacy for EFL students and to reveal the different reading strategies. The researchers went through preliminary and formative stages using a development study design. The study generated valid, practical, and potentially AKM-like English reading literacy effects for EFL students. The product satisfies the criteria of validity, practicability, and effectiveness. The students were motivated, engaged, and challenged as the potential effect of the assessment. Most students had high critical reading skills in accessing, retrieving, interpreting, integrating, evaluating, and reflecting on the AKM-like English reading literacy test. The study also revealed that the students used a schemata theory in developing their critical reading ability. To improve students' critical reading literacy and introduce different reading comprehension techniques, EFL teachers should use appropriate types of texts to select students' contextualized world topics.

Reading Strategies in French Written Comprehension Among DLP and Non DLP Learners in Kelantan

The Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia has unveiled a program called the Dwi-Language Program. This Dwi-Language Program, or DLP, is implemented in a few schools. Science and Mathematics are the only disciplines taught in English. According to the DLP, the outcomes of the French learners have improved for reading comprehension. This mixed-methods study's purpose was to highlight reading comprehension techniques, particularly the use of PROB, or Problem-Solving Strategies, among DLP and non-DLP students in Kelantan. The respondents in this survey are third-language learners of French. They were in DELF level A1 and ranged in age from 14 to 17. Rafi's Survey of Reading Strategies (SORS) (2002) surveys were taken into consideration for this study. This survey will be administered at a few Kelantan schools. 84 respondents from the DLP class and 68 respondents from the non-DLP class made up the sample for this study. They will get a questionnaire made up of 30 questions separated into three categories: Global strategies (GLOB) (13 items), Support strategies (SUP) (9 items), and Problem-Solving strategies (PROB) (8 items).

Mind Mapping: Reading Comprehension Technique of Arabic Texts for Students in Higher Education

In the context of the curriculum in Madrasah (Islamic school), using mind mapping in the learning process of Arabic text reading skills is an alternative chosen to improve student's reading competence. This study aimed to describe the design process of learning Arabic text reading skills by utilizing mind mapping techniques, as well as showing the form of mind mapping that has been prepared by students individually and in groups. Qualitative method was a suitable method used in this research with the object of research was students of Arabic language study program. The research data was extracted through observation and documentation. Observation is done by observing the course of the learning process and documentation in the form of student work in the form of mind mapping is analyzed. The International Class Program (ICP) of students selected in this study amounted to 50 students in department of Arabic Language and Literature at Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang.The findings of this study showed that the compiled mind mapping shows the creativity of students, where each student makes a different and varied mind map, both in shapes, colors, and hyphens. The concept of the Buzan model mind mapping used in this study. This study concluded that learning text reading skills using mind mapping has made students more creative, active, confident, and easy to understand.

PENERAPAN TEKNIK SCANNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN PADA SISWA KELAS IV SD NEGERI 35 KOTA TERNATE

The objective of this research were to incerased students in reading comprehension at the 4th grade concluded that (1) highly speed reading without ignoring the students understanding, to gained the fact information, special fact and conclusion (2) the percentage of reading comprehension technique scanning in each cycles level of learning activity became high. The result of each cycle by the implementation scanning technique to improve speed reading showed at the first cycle was 4 (47,94%) students were achieved the KKM of 17 students, while the second cycle the students learning activities achieved 14 (76,95 %) of completeness of the students result. Based on the result of the implementation scanning technic using in speed reading concluded that this technic could be used as a strategy and technique in achieved the students reading competence and students developing skills in learning a language skill at SD Negeri 35 Kota Ternate and could be threaten in another elementary school level.

KAJIAN LINGUISTIK FUNGSIONAL SISTEMIK: ANALISIS HUBUNGAN SISTEM TRANSITIVITAS DAN KONTEKS SITUASI DALAM PIDATO PRESIDEN JOKOWI SOAL PENANGANAN VIRUS CORONA

The study aims to describe the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) study regarding the relationship between the transitivity process system and sirkumstan of the situation in President Jokowi's speech about the handling of the COVID-19. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The source that used to be the object of this study was the text of President Jokowi's speech about the handling of the COVID-19. Data collection did not involve the author directly, but data was obtained from the Kabar24 website which was uploaded on March 15, 2020. The data collection technique used in this study was the reading comprehension technique which was carried out with a concentration on the object to be studied. The results showed that the total number of processes was 57 data. The number of material process occurrences was 31 data with an emergence percentage of 54%, then followed by the Mental process with 11 data occurrences, with an appearance percentage of 19%, the Relational process the number of occurrences was 6 data with an appearance percentage of 11%, the Behavioral process the number of occurrences was 3 data with an occurrence percentage of 5%, the Verbal process was 2 data with an appearance percentage of 4%, and finally the Existential process was 4 data with an appearance percentage of 7%. The number of sirskumstan recorded in time 1 and place 10.

Multi-task reading for intelligent legal services

Since legal data contains both structured data and unstructured data, it is a great challenge to implement machine reading comprehension technology in empirical analysis of law. This paper proposes a multi-tasking reading for intelligent legal services, which applies statistical analysis and machine reading comprehension techniques, and can process both structured and unstructured data. At the same time, this paper proposes a machine reading comprehension model that can perform multi-task learning, LegalSelfReader, which can solve the problem of diversity of questions. In the experiment of the legal reading comprehension dataset CJRC, the model proposed in this paper is far superior to the two classic models of BIDAF and Bert in three evaluation indicators. And our model is also better than some models published by HFL(Harbin Institute of Technology and iFly Joint Lab), and has also achieved lower consumption in training costs. At the same time, in the experiment of visualizing the attention value, it also demonstrates that the model proposed in this paper has a stronger ability to extract evidence.

Academic Reader: An Interactive Question Answering System on Academic Literatures

We present Academic Reader, a system which can read academic literatures and answer the relevant questions for researchers. Academic Reader leverages machine reading comprehension technique, which has been successfully applied in many fields but has not been involved in academic literature reading. An interactive platform is established to demonstrate the functions of Academic Reader. Pieces of academic literature and relevant questions are input to our system, which then outputs answers. The system can also gather users’ revised answers and perform active learning to continuously improve its performance. A case study is provided presenting the performance of our system on all papers accepted in KDD 2018, which demonstrates how our system facilitates massive academic literature reading.

PENGARUH TEKNIK MEMBACA SQ3R TERHADAP MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN MAHASISWA FKIP UNIVERSITAS BUNG HATTA PADANG

The main issue discussed in this article is the students’ low interest in reading textbooks. In addition, students do not use various techniques. As a result, they feel bored, and less concentrated when reading. The theory used in this research is the reading theory proposed by Tarigan (2008), reading comprehension techniques by Agustina (2008) and SQ3R reading techniques by Ermanto (2008) and Agustina (2008). This type of research is quantitative research using experimental method with SQ3R reading techniques. The population of this study were Indonesian Language and Literature Education students of FKIP Bung Hatta University who took the Reading Teaching Skills course. The sample was elected purposively. Based on data analysis, it was found that students did not apply the SQ3R reading technique well in determining the theme, plot, background, characterization, point of view and mandate, with an average value of 80.5. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of the use of SQ3R reading techniques towards students’ reading comprehension at FKIP of Bung Hatta University Padang.

‘Students get bogged down’: how religious Israeli elementary teachers view problems and solutions in Bible teaching

Bible teachers in contemporary society confront serious problems related to the nature of the biblical text and the socio-cultural context of their teaching. This study, based on semi-structured interviews, examines the problems that five expert religious Israeli elementary school teachers encounter in their teaching and the solutions they employ. Our findings show two major domains of pedagogic issues: unfamiliar biblical linguistics and problematic content. Teachers reported student difficulties in understanding biblical Hebrew. Problematic content includes irrelevant topics, emotionally laden material, and age inappropriate issues. Linguistic solutions relied on reading comprehension techniques and use of features specific to Bible reading such as diacritical marks. Regarding content issues, teachers were motivated by faith in the sanctity of the text to find effective solutions. These include selectivity, reinterpretation using homiletic tools, a holistic understanding and contextualising the narrative. Though teachers felt ill-prepared by their pre-service training in dealing with these challenges, they demonstrated resilience in their solution-oriented pedagogy. These findings suggest attention to mentoring and professional development, and to the creation of a community of practice to support teachers’ dealing with the ongoing challenges in their teaching.

Textual enhancements or interference? Inserted adjuncts and L2 reading with intermediate language learners

Abstract Reading comprehension techniques, specifically inserted adjunct questions, for second language (L2) learners have not been investigated extensively, but the extant research has produced mixed results. Specifically, in some studies adjunct questions have had no effect, whereas in other studies adjunct questions have proven beneficial. The present study, therefore, attempted to reconcile the differences by clarifying instructions (to write the responses to the questions) and utilizing intermediate-level Spanish students (rather than advanced). Ninety-six intermediate Spanish students read two texts and answered either targeted segment questions (“what” questions), elaborative interrogation questions (“why” questions), or did not answer questions. Finally, a free recall task and multiple choice questions were administered. The targeted segment questions resulted in decreased performance on the recall task for both passages and had no effect on the multiple choice questions. The elaborative interrogation questions appeared to negatively affect recall, but the decrease was not significant. There was also no effect on multiple choice questions. The results of this study indicate that inserted adjunct questions are not beneficial for intermediate learners of Spanish reading an L2 text.

ReQuest in the Secondary History Classroom: How does the Introduction of a Purposeful Reading Technique Effect Comprehension of Text?

This quantitative, action research study sought to explore the effects of introducing the ReQuest reading comprehension technique to students who are accustomed to using a world history textbook and the initiate-respond-evaluate questioning pattern to acquire basic historical information. Data collected from a series of paired sample quiz scores indicates that the ReQuest method shows promise as part of a purposeful, reciprocal teaching method when reading comprehension of expository text is the explicit goal of the classroom teacher. The results of this exploratory study support the literature on the use of explicitly taught reading strategies and suggests that further investigation of the ReQuest technique in the social studies classroom is warranted.

Educational Persistence: Self-Efficacy and Topics in a College Orientation Course

This study examines whether a college orientation course for online programs leads to increased self-efficacy and, if so, which course topics are related to changes in students' self-efficacy. The culminating research question explores whether self-efficacy is related to enrollment persistence. Students' self-efficacy scores improved significantly after taking the orientation course, as measured with a general self-efficacy instrument. In particular, three course topics—characteristics of leadership, personal learning styles, and applying reading comprehension techniques—explained the variance in post-self-efficacy scores at statistically significant levels. For predicting persistence, a model encompassing three topics (characteristics of leadership, personal learning styles, and applying reading comprehension techniques), plus pre- and post — self-efficacy scores, explained 50% of the variance.

The effects of the REAP reading comprehension technique on students' success

In this study written materials such as school textbooks were used to find out if the Read, Encode, Annotate, and Ponder (REAP) technique can create a significant difference in learning success compared to the classical method. A pretest-posttest equivalent control group research model was used. The study sample was composed of 59 students enrolled in an elementary school teacher-training program in 2008-2009 fall term. Data were obtained qualitatively. According to findings, students' learning success levels were significantly higher in the group in which REAP techniques were used, compared to the classical method group.

Reciprocal teaching goes to college: Effects for postsecondary students at risk for academic failure.

This study investigated the effects of a structured reading comprehension technique, reciprocal teaching, on postsecondary students at risk for academic failure. The sample comprised 50 at-risk students enrolled in a community college who participated in either the reciprocal teaching or cooperative learning condition. The reciprocal teaching group performed significantly better than the comparison group on reading comprehension and strategy acquisition. There were no differences on perception of study skills. In secondary analyses, poorer readers in the reciprocal teaching condition benefited differentially, outperforming poorer readers in the comparison condition on both reading comprehension and strategy acquisition measures. That a structured reading comprehension strategy for college-age students was effective has implications for the design of remedial courses at 2- and 4-year colleges.

Cognitive remediation in pediatric traumatic brain injury

Abstract Robinson's (1970) elaborative encoding technique (PQRST) was implemented as the active cognitive intervention strategy to address verbal memory deficits in 2 fourth-grade boys following mild or moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). A metacognitive reading comprehension technique (Smith & Dauer, 1984) was also implemented for comparison purposes. Single-case methodology was employed using a counter-balanced crossover of the two intervention strategies controlling for the effects of attention. The performance of both boys was significantly better during strategy training with the PQRST technique and approached the performance level of the normal comparison subject. In contrast, the performance of both subjects with TBI remained at, or returned to, baseline levels during the metacognitive intervention. These findings suggest that Robinson's cognitive remediation intervention holds promise in addressing memory and reading comprehension deficits following pediatrie traumatic brain injury. Future research should focus on enhancing generalization and transfer of training to classroom assignments.