Elementary School Reading Research Articles

Developing Independent English Reading in Japanese Elementary Schools: An Action Research Approach

Developing Independent English Reading in Japanese Elementary Schools: An Action Research Approach

Analysis of learning difficulties in reading, writing, and counting (Calistung) in upper elementary school: A case study

Analysis of learning difficulties in reading, writing, and counting (Calistung) in upper elementary school: A case study

초등 읽기부진 아동의 음운인식과 인지기능 요인 간의 관계 분석

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for acquiring phonological awareness of children with poor reading by grasping the relationship between phonological perception and cognitive function factors of children with poor reading skills in elementary school. The subjects of this study were analyzed with 95 students enrolled in the 1st to 6th grades of elementary school commissioned by four regional education support offices in Jeollanam-do for poor reading. The analysis results are as follows. First, as a result of conducting an independent sample t-test to verify the difference between the measurement variables through intelligence tests, attention tests, and phonological awareness tests of children with poor reading in elementary school, there was a significant difference between grades(low grades, upper grades) in attention and phonological awareness. Second, as a result of conducting correlation analysis to find out the relationship between phonological awareness and measurement factors of children with poor reading in elementary school, attention, language understanding, and working memory had a significant positive correlation. Third, as a result of conducting hierarchical multiple regression analysis to find out the relative influence of the measurement variables on the phonological awareness of children with poor reading in elementary school, it was found that selective attention and working memory abilities had the greatest influence on phonological awareness.

Longitudinal trajectories of brain development from infancy to school age and their relationship to literacy development.

Reading is one of the most complex skills that we utilize daily, and it involves the early development and interaction of various lower-level subskills, including phonological processing and oral language. These subskills recruit brain structures, which begin to develop long before the skill manifests and exhibit rapid development during infancy. However, how longitudinal trajectories of early brain development in these structures supports long-term acquisition of literacy subskills and subsequent reading is unclear. Children underwent structural and diffusion MRI scanning at multiple timepoints between infancy and second grade and were tested for literacy subskills in preschool and decoding and word reading in early elementary school. We developed and implemented a reproducible pipeline to generate longitudinal trajectories of early brain development to examine associations between these trajectories and literacy (sub)skills. Furthermore, we examined whether familial risk of reading difficulty and a child's home literacy environment, two common literacy-related covariates, influenced those trajectories. Results showed that individual differences in curve features (e.g., intercepts and slopes) for longitudinal trajectories of volumetric, surface-based, and white matter organization measures in left-hemispheric reading-related regions and tracts were linked directly to phonological processing and indirectly to second-grade decoding and word reading skills via phonological processing. Altogether, these findings suggest that the brain bases of phonological processing, previously identified as the strongest behavioral predictor of reading and decoding skills, may already begin to develop early in infancy but undergo further refinement between birth and preschool. The present study underscores the importance of considering academic skill acquisition from the very beginning of life.

Analisis Kesulitan Membaca Permulaan pada Siswa Kelas Rendah: Systematic Literature Review

One important component in the world of education is the ability to read. Even though Indonesia's population is increasing, interest in reading tends to decrease, as evidenced by the percentage of illiterates, which will reach 3.18% in 2023. Reading is the main capital for progress in education, starting from an early age with initial reading in elementary school. However, several difficulties, such as difficulty pronouncing letters, reading diphthongs, and spelling difficulties, are often experienced by students. The aim of this research is to examine the initial reading difficulties of lower-grade students and the strategies implemented by teachers to overcome these problems. This research is useful in helping students master the shapes of letters, words, and sentences, as well as increasing their activity in class. Apart from that, this research aims to increase teacher creativity in creating interesting learning and providing input to improve Indonesian language learning outcomes in lower grades. This research follows PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using the Dimensions and Google Scholar databases.

Differentiated instruction in reading in elementary schools: a systematic review

<span lang="EN-US">Increasingly diverse learners in today’s classroom might require teachers to implement differentiated instruction (DI) to create an effective learning process. This systematic review provides an overview of how DI was implemented in reading instruction in elementary education. For this purpose, the researchers systematically searched five databases (APA PsycINFO, Education Research Complete, ERIC, Scopus, and Web of Science). Based on the inclusion criteria, 28 empirical studies from 2002 to 2022 were selected for review. To be included in the review, the studies should be empirical, written in English, peer-reviewed, focusing on reading in elementary education, and include students with or without disabilities. The researchers created content coding in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to extract relevant information from the selected studies. The findings indicated that implementing DI in reading instruction to elementary school students includes differentiation in content, process, and product, increased quality and quantity of explicit reading instruction, assessments informed instructions, and integrating DI with other instructional models. This emphasizes that although differentiation might seem complex, it is possible to implement it in reading instruction.</span>

Integration of In-Class and Extracurricular English Reading in Elementary Schools under the "Double Reduction" Policy

In the context of the full implementation of the "Double Reduction" policy, elementary English teachers are urged to update their teaching concepts and methods in the daily teaching process. The goal is not only to help reduce the burden of learning English knowledge for elementary students but also to alleviate their psychological stress. Traditional teaching methods, which are relatively outdated, have not been successful in extricating elementary students from the heavy academic workload. This requires elementary English teachers to focus on cultivating students' abilities to learn English theoretical knowledge efficiently within the limited teaching time and to enhance their practical skills. English reading instruction is a crucial component of elementary education. To ensure the practical implementation aligns with the requirements of the "Double Reduction" policy, teachers need to develop comprehensive teaching plans that integrate in-class and extracurricular reading. This approach aims to guide students correctly in learning English and to boost their enthusiasm for learning, thereby enabling them to master English knowledge precisely within a limited time. This paper explores the importance of integrating in-class and extracurricular English reading in elementary schools and discusses how to effectively carry out this teaching method under the "Double Reduction" policy.

Integration of elements of moral education into the literary program reading in elementary school

Integration of elements of moral education into the literary program reading in elementary school

근대일본 국어과 성립기의 독본연구 ― 문부성 검정교과서 『심상소학독본』(1887)의 서술방식과 교육내용 ―

근대일본 국어과 성립기의 독본연구 ― 문부성 검정교과서 『심상소학독본』(1887)의 서술방식과 교육내용 ―

Readability of Online Information for Parents Concerning Paediatric In-Toeing: An Analysis of the Most Popular Online Public Sources.

Background Parents often access online resources to educate themselves on their child's condition.In-toeing, also referred to as pigeon toeing, is a common paediatric condition that has a variety of causes and is oftena cause of concern for parents. With the increasing usage of the internet, parents of children with this condition may look to the web for answers.However, to be understood by the average adult, online health information must be written at an elementary school reading level.We hypothesised that currently available online resources regarding in-toeing would score poorly on objective measures of readability and understandability. Methods Patient education materials were identified via three commonly used online search engines (Google.com, Yahoo.com, and Bing.com). The terms "intoeing" and "pigeon toeing" were used for the search. From the top 50 search results, websites were included if directed at educating patients and their families regarding in-toeing. News articles, non-text material (video), industry websites, and articles not related to in-toeing were excluded. The readability was analysed using a specialised website www.readable.com to produce the following three scores: Gunning Fog Index (GFI), Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), and Flesch-Kincaid Grade (FKG). Understandability was calculated using the 19-point Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT). Results After removing duplicates, 84 unique websites were assessed for inclusion. A total of 48 websites and articles (57.14%) met the inclusion criteria. Of note, 23 articles out of 84 (27.38%) were excluded as they were intended for healthcare professionals. The means for the FRE, FKG, and GFI were 57.92 (±12.26), 7.92 (±1.91), and 9.35 (±2.36), respectively. Less than half of online resources had an FRE score at or higher than the recommended reading level for the general population. Mean understandability scores were 69.63% (±11.55%), with only 45.83% of articles being greater than the 70% requirement of adequate understandability. Conclusion Overall, online in-toeing educational materials scored poorly with respect to readability and understandability. Given the popularity of online resources in patient education, we should seek to improve this situation.Articles that are easier to read are thus more accessible to the general public and will aid in the shared decision-making process.Improved patient and parent satisfaction and overall standard of care can be expected.

Using Interpretable Machine Learning for Differential Item Functioning Detection in Psychometric Tests.

This study presents a novel method to investigate test fairness and differential item functioning combining psychometrics and machine learning. Test unfairness manifests itself in systematic and demographically imbalanced influences of confounding constructs on residual variances in psychometric modeling. Our method aims to account for resulting complex relationships between response patterns and demographic attributes. Specifically, it measures the importance of individual test items, and latent ability scores in comparison to a random baseline variable when predicting demographic characteristics. We conducted a simulation study to examine the functionality of our method under various conditions such as linear and complex impact, unfairness and varying number of factors, unfair items, and varying test length. We found that our method detects unfair items as reliably as Mantel-Haenszel statistics or logistic regression analyses but generalizes to multidimensional scales in a straight forward manner. To apply the method, we used random forests to predict migration backgrounds from ability scores and single items of an elementary school reading comprehension test. One item was found to be unfair according to all proposed decision criteria. Further analysis of the item's content provided plausible explanations for this finding. Analysis code is available at: https://osf.io/s57rw/?view_only=47a3564028d64758982730c6d9c6c547.

Penguatan Kualitas Pendidikan Melalui Pendekatan Partisipatif Dalam Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Di Desa Rumah Gerat Kec. Sibiru-Biru

The Community Service Program (PKM) aims to improve the quality of education in Desa Rumah Gerat, Kecamatan Si Biru-Biru, through a participatory approach to teaching and learning. The participatory approach involves students, and the community as active participants in the learning process. The PKM program was conducted from February 3 to 29, 2024, using various learning methods that involve information technology. The results of the program showed an increase in reading and numeracy skills in Kindergarten (TK), Elementary School (SD), and Junior High School (SMP) students after the tutoring program. This program is expected to help students in Desa Rumah Gerat obtain better education and contribute to village development

Improving US Elementary School Reading Comprehension through Knowledge Acquisition and Transformation

Improving US Elementary School Reading Comprehension through Knowledge Acquisition and Transformation

Optimizing Elementary School Reading Comprehension in Malaysia: A Visual Information Approach

Optimizing Elementary School Reading Comprehension in Malaysia: A Visual Information Approach

The factors that affect the understanding of reading in elementary school

<span lang="EN-US">Reading comprehension is one of the four language skills in language learning that must be possessed by every human being, especially students. These skills include speaking, reading, listening, and writing. In the elementary school environment, understanding reading in Indonesian is a challenge for students whose mother tongue is Sundanese. Students with different ethnic backgrounds have distinctive learning styles and language learning strategies. This study used 100 students in class V, consisting of 50 students from SD Negeri Sempur and 50 students from SDN Tanjungsari, as respondents who filled out the questionnaire, which was analyzed using SEM-PLS. This study shows that there are factors that do not affect reading comprehension skills in fifth grade elementary school students at SD Negeri Sempur and SD Negeri I Tanjungsari, namely language aptitude, self-efficacy in language learning, and self-regulation in language, because of the construct path with a T value. Statistics below 1.96 with a p value greater than 0.05 mean that the path is declared to have no significant effect.</span>

UPAYA GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT BACA PADA PESERTA DIDIK DI SD NEGERI KUTA JAYA II

This study aims to describe the efforts of teachers in increasing students' interest in reading at SD Negeri Kuta Jaya II, Tangerang Regency-Banten. This research uses qualitative/descriptive methods. This study involved 5th grade homeroom teachers and students, as research participants. Data were obtained through interviews and observations. The results showed that the interest in reading at SDN Kuta Jaya II is still low, which is caused by internal and external factors. The efforts made by teachers to increase students' interest in reading are by conducting literacy activities 15 minutes before learning, providing a reading corner to support students' reading activities, and acting as a motivator and facilitator for students to increase their desire to read. If the low interest in reading of students is left unchecked, it will affect the sustainable learning outcomes of students. Therefore, increasing students' interest in reading in elementary schools is very important.
 Keywords: Reading interest, students, elementary school

Catholic and Public Schools Compared: Examining Achievement Growth in an Urban Center

Catholic school achievement studies often use national data to consider how Catholic and public school students compare. Catholic school governance resides at the school level and achievement comparisons likely vary by city. Catholic school research from the 1980s and 1990s suggested a Catholic school advantage, but few studies have sought to update this literature due to a lack of comparable data. We use standardized assessment data from the early 2000s to provide a citywide, point-in-time comparison of student achievement in math and reading in Catholic and public elementary schools. Matching methods allow us to measure differences, comparing similar students in similar schools, and we find no consistent differences during this period.

Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Berbasis Kearifan Lokal pada Mata Kuliah Keterampilan Menulis dan Membaca SD

The learning module was developed because there was no teaching material in the form of a module based on local wisdom developed by the course lecturer. Therefore, through this research, it is expected to develop a learning module based on local wisdom. This research aims to develop a learning module suitable for use in teaching and to assess students' responses to the development of the learning module. They provide varied teaching materials to facilitate students' teaching and learning processes. This module was developed as a product through the Research and Development (RnD) method with the development process using the 4-D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages). Data collection instruments consist of validation sheets and questionnaires. The validation sheet is used to assess the validity of the product. The questionnaires are used to assess students' responses to the development of the interactive module. This research showed the feasibility of the research results in terms of validation by subject matter experts and language experts. The validation results of the material expert reached 88.57%, with a very feasible category. Meanwhile, the language expert validation results reached 93.33%, with a very feasible category. The survey results on students' interest in using the module reached 92.67%, with a very interested category. Based on the results, the learning module developed for elementary school reading and writing skills is highly suitable and attractive for teaching and learning.

Progress in elementary school reading linked to growth of cortical responses to familiar letter combinations within visual word forms.

Learning to read depends on the ability to extract precise details of letter combinations, which convey critical information that distinguishes tens of thousands of visual word forms. To support fluent reading skill, one crucial neural developmental process is one's brain sensitivity to statistical constraints inherent in combining letters into visual word forms. To test this idea in early readers, we tracked the impact of two years of schooling on within-subject longitudinal changes in cortical responses to three different properties of words: coarse tuning for print, and fine tuning to either familiar letter combinations within visual word forms or whole word representations. We then examined how each related to growth in reading skill. Three stimulus contrasts-words versus pseudofonts, words versus pseudowords, pseudowords versus nonwords-were presented while high-density EEG Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs, n=31) were recorded. Internalization of abstract visual word form structures over two years of reading experience resulted in a near doubling of SSVEP amplitude, with increasing left lateralization. Longitudinal changes (decreases) in brain responses to such word form structural information were linked to the growth in reading skills, especially in rapid automatic naming of letters. No such changes were observed for whole word representation processing and coarse tuning for print. Collectively, these findings indicate that sensitivity to visual word form structure develops rapidly through exposure to print and is linked to growth in reading skill. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Longitudinal changes in cognitive responses to coarse print tuning, visual word from structure, and whole word representation were examined in early readers. Visual word form structure processing demonstrated striking patterns of growth with nearly doubled in EEG amplitude and increased left lateralization. Longitudinal changes (decreases) in brain responses to visual word form structural information were linked to the growth in rapid automatic naming for letters. No longitudinal changes were observed for whole word representation processing and coarse tuning for print.

Strategi Membaca Pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Di Sekolah Dasar Kelas Tinggi

Learning to read in elementary schools is considered very important. This is due to the fact that learning to read plays not only a role in improving a child's language skills, but not only the ability of that, namely to improve students in learning other subjects. However, the teaching of reading in elementary schools is still below standard and far from expectations. This is because the development of children's reading habits is still not the main emphasis in learning to read in elementary schools. In addition, learning to read is still considered monotonous and boring. Some educators continue to use this method ineffectively when teaching students to read. On the other hand, the instructor ignores the development of students' metacognitive skills through mastery of various reading methods. Students who are still considered to have relatively low reading skills are likely to be affected by this situation. This paper provides a number of alternative reading learning techniques that are expected to improve students' understanding of basic school reading, especially in the high grades.