Reader's Imagination Research Articles

Nothing is ever lost or forgotten: Searching for the traces of Mo Dickyi Sangmo

AbstractThis ethnographic article provides glimpses into the everyday life of an elderly Tibetan woman, Mo Dickyi Sangmo, who used to live in the Tibetan exile capital of McLeod Ganj in northwest India. Old age for her was a falling apart of her life world, giving rise to a series of absences in her daily life. I always sensed in her a longing for that which was missing, gathered through her somber moods and constant complaints. While others emphasized Dickyi's annoyed and closed‐off persona, I sensed that there was more to her; something was hidden in the gaps between her words and the silences that rested in between us. This article grew from my attempt at lending Mo Dickyi a compassionate ear, in an effort to understand what had become of her. By combining words and images, it became an experiment in a type of seeing and listening that is like a tender and soothing touch. By sensing Mo Dickyi through my words and in my images of her, this contribution is also a call out to the reader's imagination to uncover the gaps, and to possibly connect with the loneliness of Mo Dickyi's heart.

The Ascendancy of Video Games: Can They Eclipse Literary Works?

This article investigates the factors contributing to the rise of video games and their potential to surpass literature in narrative expression. By examining extensive research on the intersection of video games and literature, the study dissects their complex interrelationships, mutual impacts, and shared evolution. Video game narratives, often inspired by literary predecessors, have become increasingly complex and engaging, drawing on literary techniques and non-linear storytelling methods from postmodernism and metafiction. These narratives challenge players to actively construct meaning, enhancing emotional resonance through character development, evocative prose, and carefully crafted dialogue. Technological advancements have played a crucial role in the evolution and rising popularity of video games, offering immersive, interactive experiences that empower players to shape the narrative and storyline, contrasting with literature, which relies on the reader's imagination and interpretation. The future of storytelling is likely to be shaped by the ongoing interplay between video games and literature. The integration of literary techniques and interactive elements across these mediums will continue to evolve, resulting in innovative hybrid entertainment forms that leverage the strengths of both literature and video games. This dynamic interaction ensures a diverse and vibrant future for storytelling, reflecting the multidimensionality of human creativity and imagination. As video games continue to incorporate more sophisticated literary techniques and storytelling methods, they become more capable of delivering rich, nuanced narratives that rival those found in traditional literature. This evolution opens up new possibilities for hybrid forms of storytelling that combine the best elements of both video games and literature. By embracing these hybrid forms, creators can push the boundaries of narrative expression and create new, immersive experiences that engage audiences in ways previously unimaginable. The article concludes that the future of storytelling lies in the continued convergence of video games and literature, promising a diverse and dynamic landscape that celebrates human creativity and imagination in all its forms.

ANTHROPOMORPHISM IN THE TALE OF BAYAN BUDIMAN

This research analyzes the element of anthropomorphism in the classical Malay literary work entitled "The Tale of Bayan Budiman". Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human characteristics and behaviors to non-human entities, such as animals and natural phenomena. In this tale, the main character, a Bayan bird, is depicted as having the ability to speak, give advice, tell stories, and lead like a human. This research employs qualitative textual analysis methods to explore the representations of anthropomorphism in the narrative, dialogues, and descriptions of the text. The findings reveal that anthropomorphism is used to convey moral messages, stimulate the reader's imagination, and reflect the Malay worldview on the relationship between humans and nature. However, anthropomorphism can also obscure the essence and nature of different living beings, especially for child readers. This research contributes to the preservation of Malay literary heritage and provides a deeper understanding of the use of anthropomorphism in classical works

Food Metaphor In The Life Of The Protagonist Aruna And Her Tongue In The Novel "Aruna Dan Lidahnya' By Lasmi Pamuntjak

This research focuses on the types of food metaphors that are closely related to the lives of the characters in the novel Aruna and her Tongue. Studies on the novel Aruna and her Tongue have never discussed food metaphors, so this research is important to provide readers with an understanding of examples of food metaphors in the novel Aruna and her Tongue. The research data used is in the form of narrative quotations contained in the novel. This research belongs to descriptive qualitative research. This research aims to describe the metaphorical language style of gastronomic studies contained in the novel Aruna and her Tongue. The data source in this research is dialog or narration of metaphorical language style contained in the novel. Data collection is done by reading the novel, marking technique, dialog or narration that is considered as metaphorical language style in the novel, recording technique, classifying and giving code to the data. The results of this study show that there is a metaphorical language style in the novel Aruna and Lidahnya by Lasmi Pamuntjak. The function of metaphorical language style in the novel is to describe and animate the atmosphere and characters in the story, and also provide an aesthetic touch that enriches the reader's experience with the use of beautiful comparisons and arouses the reader's imagination.

Jernail Singh Anand's Mahabharat: The Battle of Words - A Modern Epic: Rewriting of Traditional Wisdom

Jernail Singh Anand's Mahabharat: The Conflict of Words - A Modern Epic is a modern epic that rewards the conventional understanding of the conflict and its aftermath. It is the follow-up to the ancient Indian epic, Mahabharata. The author retells the epic from the perspective of Draupadi, the heroine who was treated dishonorably at the Kuru king's court, to bring the Pandavas—the primary protagonists of the War—and their spiritual master, Lord Krishna, to the forefront. The book casts doubt on the legitimacy and relevance of the Bhagavad Gita. This sacred text forms the basis of the Mahabharata, given today's violent, conflict-ridden, and unequal world.
 Additionally, the novel draws parallels with other epics that focus on the ideas of honor, devotion, and love, including the Ramayana and Troy. The central theme of Anand's writing is dishonor, particularly in light of Draupadi's humiliation at the hands of King Dhritrashtra. The action of this sequel moves beyond Kurukshetra's real battlefield and into the reader's imagination. In a biased conversation with Lord Krishna, the author expresses worries about the state of modern society and makes an effort to justify its purported deviations from the predestined path of justice.

Экспрессивные способы создания новообразований в социальных сетях (на примере социальной сети «Telegram»)

The article analyzes expressive ways of creating new lexical units. The material consists of contexts of various contents extracted from the open resources of the Telegram messenger in the space of 2021–2023. Research methods and techniques include continuous sampling, the descriptive method with elements of interpretive analysis, word-formation analysis. New nominations formed with the help of contamination have been identified. Such word-forming neologisms are used to create a comic effect. The contaminated innovations that participate in the strategy of discrediting Orthodoxy are analyzed. New lexical units indicate a low communicative competence of the addresser. Tmesis nominations are characterized. It is proved that these media innovations have a special expressiveness, attract the user’s attention. The new nominations that have arisen as a result of the inter-word overlap are considered. It is confirmed that media innovations created with the help of inter-word overlay express evaluation and are a means of language play. The new nominations formed as a result of graphixation and its varieties are analyzed. Graphic hybrids participate in the creation of intentional ambiguity, express an individual element, stimulate the imagination of readers. New lexical units based on precedent phenomena are registered. It is established that such new nominations attract the attention of the addressee, disrupt predictability, enhance the expressiveness of the title. Such media innovations are noted, which have expletive and obscene lexemes in their structures as derivational bases. Aggressive nominations cause users to backlash, to violate ethical norms of speech behavior. The results of this paper may be of interest to teachers, students, cadets, as well as to anyone interested in active processes in the field of word formation.

Creative Writing Skills in English: Developing Student's Potential and Creativity

This research describes teaching creative writing skills in English to develop student's potential and creativity. This research is library research. The finding shows that creative writing is an innovative writing style that emphasizes narrative, character development, opinions, and non-formal language styles. It involves expressing ideas and imagination in various forms of fiction and nonfiction and requires the ability to build the reader's imagination and research skills such as poetry, short stories, novels, epics, short stories, fairy tales, drama scripts, film scenarios, song lyrics, television scripts, advertising scripts, popular articles, opinions, news, etc. It also attracts attention and entertains readers, requiring the author's ability to build the reader's imagination. Creative writing in English is a rewarding activity that increases students’ creativity, trains their imagination, and improves their English skills. To improve creative writing skills, students should read diverse literary works, practice regular writing, explore different language styles, use writing prompts, and accept feedback from friends or teachers. Mastering these skills in English can lead to self-expression, imagination, language and vocabulary improvement, and effectively conveying messages. Techniques to improve creative writing skills include reading diverse literary works, practicing regular writing, exploring different language styles, using writing prompts, and being open to feedback from friends or mentors.

Encountering Tutankhamun: The Discovery of Tutankhamun’s Tomb and Tutmania through the Lens of Local Press (1922–1943)


 News of Carter’s discovery in the Valley of Kings was first transmitted by magazines and daily papers in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in late 1922, but the finds from Tutankhamun’s tomb continued to draw the public’s attention in the decades to come. A large number of newspaper articles from the time are dedicated to not only Tutankhamun, but also the different manifestations of Egyptomania and Tutmania, from the “curse of the pharaoh”, all the way to fashion inspired by Ancient Egypt. On the other hand, the interwar press reminds us of the efforts of local experts, such as Nikola Vulić and Luka Zrnić, to popularize and present modern archaeological research to the wider audience. This is why all of these diverse testimonies must be observed as a whole to better grasp the connection between science, the media and the public which, in the case of Tutankhamun’s tomb, lead to the creation of a public image within which scientific facts got inextricably mixed up with fantasy, thereby influencing not only the imagination of readers, but also numerous travelers and adventurers to set off for Egypt and directly encounter the legacy of Ancient Egypt.

Synthesis of Arts in N. V. Gogol’s “Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka"

The article analyzes N. V. Gogol’s views, expressed in his articles of the 1830-40s, on the problem of interaction of painting, architecture, music, literature. The various functions that Gogol ascribes to art are determined by the main idea of the writer – serving the saving mission of literature. The article also deals with Gogol’s thoughts on the need to create a universal art, which would amaze reader's imagination by applying effects borrowed from other types of art. Thus, the goal of this article is to examine aesthetic searches of N.V. Gogol expressed in his articles about art, included in short story collection “Arabesques”, educe examples of the use of artistic techniques of the “new” synthetic art in the works of the cycle “Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka”. In the course of the study, it is suggested that the writer had been developing stories from “Evenings…” in accordance with visual perception laws, had been using methods in prose including dramatic skill, for instance, unfolding the action by means of statements and characters’ acts, fast change of events and locations. The article established that in order to create a comprehensive world view which is meant to shock reader’s imagination and amaze him, Gogol develops his own unique manner of narration – he uses a fragmentary division of stories, saturation of episodes with actions, fully and brightly describes the details, which allows us to conclude that the writer uses the effects of the same “synthetic” art, theoretical basis of which were described by him in articles “Sculpture, Painting, and Music”, “On Present-Day Architecture”, “The Last Day of Pompeii” and some other essay.

الصور البلاغية في قصيدة البردة للبوصيري [90-119]: دراسة بلاغية تحليلية

Sharaf Al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Saʿīd Al-Ṣanhājī Al-Būṣīrī, a master of Arabic rhetoric, crafted a poetic masterpiece known as "Al-Burdah." This renowned poem, titled "Al-Kawākib Al-Durriyyah Fī Madḥ Khayr Al-Bariyyah," showcases Al-Būṣīrī's exceptional command over various rhetorical devices, including metaphor, simile, allusion, and rhyme. Simile, in particular, plays a prominent role in the poem, as Al-Būṣīrī skillfully compares the Prophet Muḥammad's physical and moral attributes to natural phenomena like the sun, moon, and stars. Through these vivid and evocative comparisons, the greatness of the Prophet is emphasized, leaving a lasting impression on the reader's imagination. Another noteworthy aspect of the poem is its effective use of repetition, especially in the refrain that concludes each stanza. Deliberateerate repetition reinforces the central themes of the poem and contributes to its rhythmic and melodic quality, enhancing its overall beauty. Additionally, Al-Burdah employs rhetorical questions, hyperbole, and irony to convey its message with impact and engage the reader's attention. These rhetorical techniques, combined with the poem's profound religious and cultural significance, have solidified its place as a beloved and enduring masterpiece of Arabic literature. This article aims to examine the artistic value and significance of the second set of 31 couplets in "Al-Qaṣīdah Al-Burdah," providing insights into the remarkable artistic status of this widely celebrated Qaṣīdah.

When verbal and visual arts share the same plot: artistic worlds of Bakhyt Kenzheyev's poem Hunters in the Snow and the painting by Peter Brueghel the Elder

The authors correlate and interpret the same plot in different types of art, i.e., painting and literature. Such a rapprochement is justified by the intertextual reference of Bakhyt Kenzheyev's poem Hunters in the Snow (1984) to the painting of the same name by Peter Brueghel the Elder (1665). The languages of the visual and the verbal are organized differently: the painting offers its viewer a direct contemplation, while the world of the poem gradually unfolds itself in the reader's imagination. The images in the painting are static, whereas textual images reveal themselves in a certain sequence, according to R. Ingarden. The authors believe that the images of the house and the forest are the key difference between the figurative system of the painting and the text. In the painting, the viewer sees the house and the forest from the outside only, while the text gives its reader an opportunity to see them from the inside. The images we see in Brueghel's painting differ from those we see in our mental eye when reading Kenzheyev's poem because the narrator shifts between the space of the painting, here he is one of the hunters, and the position of an outside observer. Therefore, one and the same plot can be translated from the language of painting into the language of poetry, but the change in the format of visibility is bound to cause various semantic changes.

ՎԱՐԴԱՆ ԱՐԵՒԵԼՑՈՒ ՆԵՐԲՈՂՆԵՐԻ ԲԱՌԱՅԻՆ ԱՐՎԵՍՏԸ/ THE WORD ART OF VARDAN AREVELTSI'S ODES/ СЛОВЕСНОЕ ИСКУССТВО ОД ВАРДАНА АРЕВЕЛЦИ

The given article is dedicated to the linguistic features of Vardan Areveltsi’s odes. Vardan Areveltsi is one of the prominent figures of the Armenian medieval culture, a national-public figure, philosopher, historian, chronicler, literary man, translator, geographer. The author's honest patriotism, sympathy for the pain and care of the motherland is manifested in the comments. Vardan Areveltsi’s dialects stand out for their unique linguistic structures and stylistic features. They are rich in epithets, comparisons, repetitions, contrasts. The use of these stylistic means provides the odes with unique expressiveness and sensitivity. The wealth and beauty of Vardan Areveltsi’s odes is also manifested in the system of imagery, that is created by the appropriate linguistic and stylistic means, by the nature of the selection and application of which the degree of artistry of his work is determined. With the help of imagery and expressive means, not only does the writer make the object of thought real and tangible, bringing up relevant images in the reader's imagination and influencing his imagination, but he also makes the described phenomenon bright and impressive (Qyoseyan, p. 5).

СИМВОЛИКА ЦВЕТА В ПОВЕСТИ А.П. ЧЕХОВА «ЧЕРНЫЙ МОНАХ»

Recently, the interest of literary critics in the study of color painting in the work of poets and writers has increased, the analysis of whose works allows us to reveal the semantics of color, the state and inner world of heroes. Color painting is an integral element of A.P. Chekhov, therefore, the study of the coloring of the writer's prose is an urgent problem. The article is devoted to the poetics of color designations in A.P. Chekhov "The Black Monk". The colors that form the main coloristic background of the story are highlighted. Black, white, red colors show the complex inner experiences and state of mind of the main characters of the hero, convey their rich emotional world and at the same time create grounds for ambiguous interpretation of their images and the meaning of the story as a whole. The article proposes a comparative analysis of the canonical meanings of basic colors and their functions in Chekhov's text. It is shown what role the combination of basic colors plays in the meaning formation of the story. On the example of the analysis of portrait characteristics and landscape fragments, the techniques that form the ambiguity of color semantics are highlighted. In conclusion, it is emphasized that thanks to the color painting in the story, there is scope for the associative work of the reader's imagination, a metaphorical connection is formed between its characters and the author's position is expressed.

The Employment of the Technique of Cinematography in Modern Poetry: (The Three Rivers) (Saadi Yusuf Case Study)

The employment of the Technique of Cinematography in modern poetry is one of the new, contemporary, and unexplored topics that were not paid enough attention in research and analysis. Researching such topics will highlight the impact of the new technologies, such as the cinema, on developing the poetic language production. This study attempted to fill this gap in the literature by revealing the role of the cinematic techniques in developing modern poetry. This study aimed at clarifying the relationship between the modern poetry and the art of cinema, highlighting the most important artistic features of the interference of the cinema in Sa’di Yusuf’s poem, and determining the cinema techniques employed by the poet in his contemporary poems. To achieve these aims, an analytical descriptive method was used to analyze the poems in terms of the employment of the Technique of Cinematography in. To do this analysis, the poet’s collection of poetry ‘Three Rivers’ was analyzed based on the use of the Technique of Cinematography in in the contemporary poem. It was also analyzed for the ways of employment between the poetic art and cinematic art. The findings showed that the utilization of the cinematic image technique and its types including the overall, dialogue, and dynamic pictures in Sa’di's poetry has made his poetic language more developed and open in terms of getting rid of any contradiction and weakness. This research contributed to the development of our culture in terms of developing the poet's language and the reader's imagination.

The Angel and the Cholent: Food Representation from the Israel Folktale Archives

The Angel and the Cholent: Food Representation from the Israel Folktale Archives

Ekranisasi Novel Keluarga Tak Kasat Mata karya Bonaventura Genta ke Film Keluarga Tak Kasat Mata Sutradara Hedy Suryawan sebagai Materi Pembelajaran Teks Ulasan di SMP

This research was motivated because it did not meet expectations with the emergence of very prominent differences that were far from the reader's imagination before the novel was filmed. The objectives of this study are: (1) To obtain the form that occurs in the ecranization of characters in the novel and film Keluarga Tak Kasat Mata and to produce review text learning materials in junior high school. This study used a qualitative descriptive research design using a comparative descriptive research method. The sources of data in this study are the novel Keluarga Tak Kasat Mata by Bonaventura Genta and the film Keluarga Tak Kasat Mata by Hedy Suryawan. The data of this research are in the form of phrases, sentences, and parts that contain additions, contractions, changes in variations. The data collection used is a read-listen-note technique. The results showed that the most common form of ecranization was the shrinkage aspect. Learning materials developed from the forms of ecranization can be applied to KD 3.11 and 4.11 class VIII SMP regarding review texts.

Место национальной культуры в произведениях Ч. Айтматова (на примере повести «Лицом к лицу»)

The work of the famous Kyrgyz writer Ch. Aitmatov belongs to the era of “multinational Soviet literature”, which to some extent contributed to the reflection of the primordial values of the Kyrgyz people in his works. This pressure created the conditions for Aitmatov, like many other poets and writers, to begin working with subtexts and creatively create parallels to convey certain national values as the basis of his works. If earlier the author wrote in Russian and published them in Russian-language editions, then the story "Face to face" was one of the first works published in Kyrgyz language in 1957 under the title "Betme-bet kelgende" in issue 6 of "Ala-Too" magazine. Later, in 1990, this story was republished first in Russian and then in Kyrgyz with some additions and changes. The main reason why we chose this work is to identify what national values and linguocultural codes the author used in his work. The analysis revealed that the representation of national values has a significant impact on the plot structure, the culmination and denouement of the work. In addition, if before the denouement of some of Aitmatov's works remained veiled or even unknown, and we believed that the author left it to the reader, then in this study we come to completely new conclusions, namely that the denouement of the work is hidden in national values. Consequently, the logical denouement of the work is not left to the reader's imagination, but is integrated into the folk rites, customs and traditions. This is the novelty of this paper. The article presents the experience of using the method of linguocultural analysis of the text.

MYTHOLOGICAL IMAGES IN PROSE POEMS by I.S. TURGENEV

As early as the beginning of the 20th century, linguists noted the growing interest of writers in mythology, which prompted them to study this phenomenon in more detail. Although traces of mythology can be found throughout the history of world literature. After all, mythological motifs contributed to the creation of images, themes and plots known to the whole world. The mythological basis of a literary work is the highest level of intertextuality and the cultural immersion of the reader's imagination into the literary canvas of a work of art. Through the analysis of mythological images, additional authorial meanings and the ideological idea of any writer are revealed. I.S. Turgenev is very stingy in choosing emotionally colored vocabulary, but his vivid images, sometimes developing into symbols, are all the more valuable. "Poems in prose" have not been studied in the literary world from the point of view of mythotectonics, which determines the relevance of the study. The article deals with the images of Hercules, an old woman and a fly, which take their origins from ancient, Slavic and Eastern mythology.

УКРАЇНСЬКІСТЬ ХУДОЖНЬОГО СВІТУ «НАРОДНИХ ОПОВІДАНЬ» МАРКА ВОВЧКА

The artistic world is a powerful tool of the influence on the reader, which means that it is a component of the poetics of the literary work. Its originality is determined by the features of the author's artistic thinking, his/her worldview (world understanding, world perception). For this reason in the paper a great attention is paid to the features of the writer's artistic talent. Linguistic talent allowed Marko Vovchok to successfully use the expressive and pictorial possibilities of the Ukrainian language. A deep and subtle sense of the language determined the special ability of the writer to penetrate into the soul of the people, their mentality, helped to understand their way of life, their customs and moral principles. This explains Marko Vovchok's ability to create archetypal images. The talent of the writer was also revealed in the fact that the phenomena and objects depicted by the writer evoke in the reader's imagination visual images imbued with an artistic and aesthetic emotion, which can rightly be called “artistic meaning”. For the first time in our literary studies, the paper deals with the artistic world of Marko Vovchok's «Folk Tales» as a coherent, systematically organized phenomenon. It is emphasized that this world is full of distinct Ukrainian flavor. If previously “Folk Tales” were considered mainly from the aspect of their anti-serfdom orientation, then the analysis of the artistic world of the short stories, their distinct Ukrainian flavor allows us to reveal another factor of the high artistic value of this prominent book by the outstanding Ukrainian writer. The magnificent Ukrainian nature, harmonious relationships in the Ukrainian family, the beauty and upbringing of Ukrainian girls, the Cossack character of Ukrainian men – all these are significant features of the characteristics of our nation, its mentality. In the paper, much attention is paid to the peculiarities of the writer's artistic talent.

Film jako narzędzie przekazu informacji w literaturze XX wieku

The authors of this article discuss the many different ways in which writer can use the literary affordances of film. Writers present diverse approach to intersubjective codes of cinema, according to the authors, while extremes emerged in literary genres. Moreover, the author’s claim, the attitude writers take to film works and means of expression of the film can be radically different. Authorial approaches range from being fascinated with film methods of presenting reality (Tadeusz Peiper) and using them as a way to stimulate the reader's imagination (Stephen King), to ignoring such methods, regarding them as extremely conventionalized or even trivial (Zbigniew Herbert) and therefore not worthy of interest. The 460 works of ten authors were analysed to find the contexts in which the words film and movie appear. The authors found that Tadeusz Peiper was fascinated by silent films while Zbigniew Herbert, who evaluated them from perspective of time, condemned their conventions. Making references to film assisted Andrzej Stasiuk in presenting local community, and it helped Stephen King gaining global fame. Prominent playwriters either ignored affordances of film in their literary works (e.g. Samuel Beckett and Tom Stoppard) or affordances were key in their dramas: e.g. Tennessee Williams, who used numerous cinematic references to portray his characters; intersubjective communication codes made Williams’s plays popular.