Reactive Yellow Dye Research Articles

Study of photocatalytic degradation of dyeing wastewater with CdS nanoparticles anchored on cotton short staple-based carbon aerogels

The photocatalytic technology is widely recognized as an effective solution for both the energy crisis and environmental issues. Developing cost-effective alternatives to noble metal-based photocatalytic catalysts is crucial for the degradation of organic pollutants in dye wastewater; however, it remains a challenging task. In this study, a novel approach was presented, wherein a cotton-based carbon aerogel was synthesized using short staple cotton cellulose as the raw material. CdS nanoparticles were then anchored onto the three-dimensional porous structure of the carbon aerogel. The resulting materials were thoroughly characterized and analyzed using various techniques, including XRD, SEM, Mapping, XPS, BET, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and their performance was extensively assessed. Experimental results indicated that the degradation efficiency of 20 ml (15 mg/L) methylene blue solution reached 95.7 % within 90 min, achieving near-complete degradation within 120 min using 10 mg catalyst material. Furthermore, photocatalytic degradation experiments were conducted on commonly used reactive red dye (K-type) and reactive yellow dye (M-type) that are typically employed in textile dyeing and finishing processes. For 20 ml of waste liquid, after 90 min, the degradation rates of the reactive red and yellow dyes reached 91.4 % and 94.4 %, respectively, with complete degradation achieved within 120 min. Free radical quenching experiments demonstrated that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide radicals (•O2-) played a central role in mediating the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using the CdS/carbon aerogel (CdS/CA) composite material. Overall, the research findings suggest that the CdS/CA composite material exhibited highly desirable attributes, effectively adsorbing and photodegrading methylene blue as well as organic dyes in dye wastewater. These results provide valuable insights for the development of cost-effective photocatalytic materials and the efficient degradation of dyes.

Simultaneous biosorption of acid violet and reactive yellow dyes by Cladosporium cladosporioides

The synthetic dye mixture of Acid Violet 90 and Reactive Yellow 145 was treated with dead Cladosporium cladosporioides biomass. The individual concentrations were calculated with the first-order derivative spectrophotometric method. The calibration curves were plotted at wavelengths of 578.4 nm and 318.2 nm in the derivative spectrum for Acid Violet 90 and Reactive Yellow 145, respectively. The calculated limit of quantitation value is ~ 2.5 mg/L for Acid Violet 90 and ~ 1.5 mg/L for Reactive Yellow 145. The achieved mean recovery percentage values are around 100%. The highest removal efficiency (100%) was obtained for both dyes at pH 4 using 0.25 g biomass and 50 mg/L of each dye in 60 min reaction time with 150 rpm shaking speed. The hydrochloric acid solution was used for biomass regeneration, and the removal efficiencies remained at 99% and 89% for Acid Violet 90 and Reactive Yellow 145 in the third cycle.Graphical abstractBiosorption process

A Comparative study on the Removal of different dyes from aqueous medium using Zinc Ferrite Nanocomposite and Rice Husk Adsorbents

This research aimed to develop simple, inexpensive, and ecologically suitable adsorbents for removing dyes through adsorption. Thus, co-precipitation and in-situ polymerization techniques were utilised to produce polyaniline resulting in the synthesis of Zinc Ferrite Polyaniline Nanocomposite (ZF-PANI NC). Also, Rice Husk (RH) was also used as adsorbent. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments were carried out on ZF nanoparticles and ZF-PANI NC. The average grain size of ZF-PANI NC was 13 nm. When compared to RH that had been treated with sodium hydroxide (SHRH), RH seemed more crystalline. However, the crystalline nature of SHRH was slightly enhanced by the adsorptive Reactive Yellow (RY) dye, and the surface of SHRH appears uniform in the SEM images. Rhodamine B (RhB) dye adsorbance’s at known concentrations were measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer and a calibration curve. Percent removal of RhB dye by ZF-PANI NC over time (0–45 min) and in the presence of various adsorbent doses (0.1–0.5 g) revealed that the percentage of dye removal rose when ZF-PANI NC dose was increased. At room temperature (25 °C), RY dye adsorption on RH and SHRH revealed only 65 % in 40 min, whereas SHRH removed 99 %. ZF-PANI NC was suitable as a reliable and affordable adsorbent for dye remediation from aqueous solution. SHRH and RH both performed better in adsorbing RY dye. A pseudo-2nd order kinetic approach with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm provided the best fit for the results. The low value of ΔG° demonstrated the viability of RY adsorption. SHRH and ZF-PANI NC have high adsorption efficiency compared to RH and ZF.

Biochar from Manihot esculenta stalk as potential adsorbent for removal of reactive yellow dye

Textile effluent treatment is crucial for a cleaner and safer community. The purpose of this study is to utilize biochar prepared from Manihot esculenta stalk to remove reactive yellow dye through Pyrolysis at 350 °C for 210 min. The effect of quantity of adsorbent, pH values of the adsorbate solution experimented, contact time required, starting dye concentration, current temperature of the solution, speed of agitation, as well as size of the particle on reactive yellow dye removal was examined using biochar through batch trials. At an equilibrium period of 25 min, pH of 7, bio-char dosage of 2 g, temperature of 25 °C, agitation speed of 150 rpm, as well as particle size of 231 µm, 86% of the dye could be removed with highest adsorption capacity of 53.47 mg/g. Pseudo-first order type kinetics in addition to the Langmuir isotherm model were set up to finest fit the adsorption model of reactive yellow dye onto biochar from M. esculenta stalk. The process is chemisorption, exothermic, feasible, and spontaneous, as it is predicted by the thermodynamically negative enthalpy as well as entropy of adsorption values. The spent M. esculenta stalk biochar was reused for six cycles of adsorption at same optimal process conditions and adsorption capacity was found to be insignificant up to fourth cycle. Also, M. esculenta biochar was characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for morphology, elemental composition, and functional groups respectively. So, the M. esculenta stalk biochar could be an active adsorbent for elimination of reactive dye from the solution of dye.

An experimental investigation of textile dyeing wastewater using modified electro Fenton process with optimization by response surface methodology

AbstractElectro‐Fenton oxidation may improve wastewater biocompatibility. In this investigation, steel flakes were used as a novel catalyst in the Enhanced Electro Fenton procedure, in place of the traditional Electro Fenton Process. A degradation study of textile dyeing effluent has been conducted using the Modified Electro Fenton process. In 60 min of reaction time in the Electro‐Fenton process, 98.57%, 95.38%, and 94.93% of color removal was achieved for reactive blue, reactive yellow, and reactive black dyes respectively. From the Laboratory‐scale feasibility studies on the Electro‐Fenton process, the utmost color and COD elimination efficiency of 93% and 70% correspondingly observed at a catalyst dosage of 1 g/L, H2O2 dosage of 132 mM at pH 3. In this study, the average coefficient of correlation was 0.9978, indicating that the framework could describe 99.78% of the variability in response. The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the quadratic regression analysis shows that the model is incredibly substantial, as displayed by the Fisher F‐test (F model = 347.52) with the lowest probability value (p model > F = 0.0001). The predicted results from Response Surface Methodology (RSM) closely agreed with the experimental results obtained during the optimization studies and hence confirmed the results obtained.

Batch and Fixed-Bed Modeling of Adsorption Reactive Remazol Yellow Dye onto Granular Activated Carbon

In this work, the adsorption of reactive yellow dye (Remazol yellow FG dye) by granular activated carbon (GAC) was investigated using batch and continuous process. The batch process involved determination the equilibrium isotherm curve either favorable or unfavorable by estimation relation between adsorption capacity and concentration of dye at different dosage of activated carbon. The results were fitted with equilibrium isotherm models Langmuir and Freundlich models with R2value (>0.97). Batch Kinetic study showed good fitting with pseudo second order model with R2 (0.987) at contact time 5 h. which provesthat the adsorption is chemisorptions nature. Continuous study was done by fixed bed column where breakthrough time was increased at flow rates (21.67, 12.5 and 6 ml/min) and initial dye concentration (80, 40, 20 and 10 mg/l) were decreased and bed depth was increased (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm). The adsorption data were fitted to the fixed-bed adsorption mathematical models Thomas and Yoon- Nelson models. The results fitted well to the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models with correlation coefficient, R2≥ 0.944. Average relative error ARE% was applied to examine the theoretical and experimental results.

Color and Texture Analysis of Textiles Using Image Acquisition and Spectral Analysis in Calibrated Sphere Imaging System-II

The extended application of device-dependent systems’ vision is growing exponentially, but these systems face challenges in precisely imitating the human perception models established by the device-independent systems of the Commission internationale de l’éclairage (CIE). We previously discussed the theoretical treatment and experimental validation of developing a calibrated integrated sphere imaging system to imitate the visible spectroscopy environment. The RGB polynomial function was derived to obtain a meaningful interpretation of color features. In this study, we dyed three different types of textured materials in the same bath with a yellow reactive dye at incremental concentrations to see how their color difference profiles tested. Three typical cotton textures were dyed with three ultra-RGB remozol reactive dyes and their combinations. The color concentration ranges of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% were chosen for each dye, followed by their binary and ternary mixtures. The aim was to verify the fundamental spectral feature mapping in various imaging color spaces and spectral domains. The findings are quite interesting and help us to understand the ground truth behind working in two domains. In addition, the trends of color mixing, CIE color difference, CIExy (chromaticity) color gamut, and RGB gamut and their distinguishing features were verified. Human perception accuracy was also compared in both domains to clarify the influence of texture. These fundamental experiments and observations on human perception and calibrated imaging color space could clarify the expected precision in both domains.

Simultaneous Removal of Cationic Crystal Violet and Anionic Reactive Yellow Dyes using eco-friendly Chitosan Functionalized by Talc and Cloisite 30B

Designing adsorbent materials that can effectively remove many types of organic dyes is crucial because of the wide diversity of synthetic dyes found in wastewater. Thus, this study presents the synthesis of economic and eco-friendly adsorbent composites composed of chitosan (Cs), talc (T), and Cloisite 30B clay (C) to remove both cationic crystal violet (CV) and anionic reactive yellow 145 (RY) dyes for the first time. Cs was functionalized with T and subsequently the CsTC1 and CsTC2 composites were prepared by sensitizing the obtained CsT with different weight ratios of Cloisite 30B (C). X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, and zeta potential analysis were employed to characterize the materials. The addition of T to Cs matrix improves the thermal stability, pore size, and pore volume with respect to pure Cs. The effect of C inclusion was examined by measuring the affinity of the prepared composites towards adsorption of cationic CV and anionic RY dyes in comparison to pure Cs and CsT composite. The adsorption results in a single dye solution revealed that the CsTC1 composite is the most effective adsorbent for removal of RY dye with 76.9 mg/g adsorption capacity, whereas the CsTC2 composite exhibited the highest adsorption activity for CV dye (37.03 mg/g). Furthermore, RY and CV co-adsorption on CsTC composites was tested from a mixed dye solution. The adsorption kinetics of RY and CV adsorption followed the pseudo second order model. Langmuir isotherm model described the experimental adsorption data better than the Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherm models, indicating a monolayer sorption process for both dyes. The proposed mechanism for RY and CV adsorption using CsTC composites was investigated.

Innovation and application of dyes with high fixation

Reactive dyes are the main species for cotton dyeing due to their wide range of hue, satisfactory color fastness and facile application method. Aiming at increasing fixation on cotton fibers, benzimidazolone yellow reactive dyes, sulfonamide red reactive dyes and anthraquinone azo blue reactive dyes are designed. The preparation, characterization and application properties of these dyes with high fixation are introduced in detail. In order to achieve dye fixation to near 100%, macromolecular crosslinking reactive dyes are designed, their dyeing and fixing mechanism are discussed. These novel reactive dyes show promising application prospect in dyeing and printing of cotton fibers.

Adsorption performance and mechanism of cationic and anionic dyes by KOH activated biochar derived from medical waste pyrolysis

The massive generation of medical waste (MW) results in a series of environmental, social, and ecological problems. Pyrolysis is one such approach that has attracted more attention because of the production of value-added products with lesser environmental risk. In this study, the activated biochar (ABC600) was obtained from MW pyrolysis and activated with KOH. The adsorption mechanism of activated biochar on cationic (methylene blue) and anionic (reactive yellow) dyes were studied. The physicochemical characterization of biochar showed that increasing pyrolysis temperature and KOH activation resulted in increased surface area, a rough surface with a clear porous structure, and sufficient functional groups. MB and RYD-145 adsorption on ABC600 was more consistent with Langmuir isotherm (R2 ≥ 0.996) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 ≥ 0.998), indicating chemisorption with monolayer characteristics. The Langmuir model fitting demonstrated that MB and RYD-145 had maximum uptake capacities of 922.2 and 343.4 mg⋅g−1. The thermodynamics study of both dyes showed a positive change in enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°), revealing the endothermic adsorption behavior and randomness in dye molecule arrangement on activated-biochar/solution surface. The activated biochar has excellent adsorption potential for cationic and anionic dyes; hence, it can be considered an economical and efficient adsorbent.

Novel guar gum/MnO2 nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation of reactive yellow (RY 145) from aqueous solution: optimization by BBD

PurposeThis study aims to investigation of the guar gum-manganese dioxide (GG/MnO2) nanocomposite (NC) synthesized using an environment-friendly method and the degradation of reactive yellow (RY 145) dye in the UV system.Design/methodology/approachCharacterization of the GG/MnO2 NCs were conducted using field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Experiments were conducted using a 1 L glass reactor coupled with Ultraviolet (UV-C) blue light bulb of wavelength 250 nm and power of 8 W.FindingsThe NC (2.25 g/L) displayed high RY 145 dye degradation (81%) with 10 mg/L of concentration at pH 3. The coefficient of determination (R2 0.99) also depicted that the model fits the experimental data. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the F-values of 464.75, 276.04 and 5.15 are related to the dose of GG/MnO2 NCs, initial concentration of RY 145 dye and solution pH, respectively.Practical implicationsThe GG/MnO2 NCs followed by photo oxidation process (UV-process) could be used to degrade the RY 145 dye from synthetic wastewater.Originality/valueThere are two main innovations. One is that the novel process is performed successfully for RY 145 dye degradation. The other is that the optimized conditions are obtained by Box–Behnken design. Also, the effects of different variables on the RY 145 dye removal efficiency were investigated.

Remarkable Recycling Process of ZnO Quantum Dots for Photodegradation of Reactive Yellow Dye and Solar Photocatalytic Treatment Process of Industrial Wastewater.

The mineralization of five industrial sunlight-exposed wastewater samples was investigated, and the recycling process of ZnO quantum dots (ZQDs) for five reusable times was estimated under the approved Egyptian Environmental Law COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), which has to be less than 1000 ppm. An improved sol-gel process at a low calcination temperature that ranged between 350 and 450 °C was employed to synthesize ZnO quantum dots (ZQDs). The purity, high crystallinity, and structure of the prepared catalysts were determined by TEM and XRD analysis. The energy bandgap, the crystal size values, and the surface area for Z1 and Z2 were determined based on the TEMs, DRSs, and EBTs, which were equal to 6.9 nm, 3.49 eV, and 160.95 m2/g for Z1 and 8.3 nm, 3.44 eV, and 122.15 m2/g for Z2. The investigation of the prepared samples was carried out by studying the photocatalytic activity and photoluminescence, and it was found that the degradation rate of reactive yellow dye as an industrial pollutant of the Z1 sample was significantly higher than other samples, by 20%. The data collection has shown that photocatalytic efficiency decreases with an increase in the crystallite size of ZQDs.

Textile Wastewater Treatment Through Plant–Microbe Synergism in a Floating Treatment Wetland System

Textile wastewater treatment is a complex process that requires a range of chemicals and generates hazardous sludge. This article evaluates a chemical-free, floating treatment wetlands system for the treatment of textile wastewater containing reactive red and reactive yellow dyes. Two aquatic plants, Eichhornia crassipes Solms and Pistia stratiotes L., were selected and vegetated in the system. The efficacy of the system was enhanced by inoculation of two pollutant-degrading and plant growth-promoting bacteria: Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis. The eight treatments were designed with different combinations of plants and bacteria. The performance of the system was evaluated through key parameters of electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and dye concentration for the treated wastewater. The best treatment achieved the optimized plant–bacteria synergism and exhibited good reductions in the physicochemical parameters and the values of all the wastewater parameters were within the limits set in the standards of National Environmental Quality Standards and Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals Program.

Removal of Reactive Yellow 4R Azo Dye from Synthetic Aqueous Solution by Alkali Hydrothermally Activated Fly Ash

Dye-containing wastewater affects the aesthetic quality, transparency and gas solubility of natural water bodies, hence colored wastewater must be treated before being discharged. Physical removal of dyes from wastewater can be achieved using activated carbon. However, this technique is expensive, so there is a need to find less expensive alternatives. A waste product generated from coal-fired plants known as fly ash is a sorbent that can be used to remove pollutants from solution. This study investigated the effectiveness of using alkali (NaOH) hydrothermally activated fly ash to remove Reactive Yellow 4R azo dye from synthetic aqueous solution. Na2O in alkali hydrothermally activated fly ash increases thirteen-fold. SEM observations revealed that the raw fly ash consisted of smooth round shaped particles, whereas the activated fly ash was composed of granular crystalline particles. Batch adsorption experiments of the dye at 25 °C showed that increasing the activated fly ash quantity (0.5 to 3.5 g) increased the removal efficiency from 30% to 39.3%. The Freundlich isotherm adsorption model best described the adsorption of Reactive Yellow 4R dye by alkali hydrothermally activated fly ash with KF = 1.49 x 10-21 mg/g. The dye adsorption kinetics by activated fly ash followed the Lagergren pseudo second order model, with calculated qe = 2.65 mg/g; k2 = 0.06 g/mg; and calculated h = 0.42 mg/g min‑1. Dye removal occurred primarily through surface adsorption and very little through intra-particle diffusion.

Degradation and detoxification of reactive yellow dyes by Scedosporium apiospermum: a mycoremedial approach.

Textile industrial effluents have long enunciated the essentiality of ascertaining an efficient wastewater treatment for the removal of azo dyes given their potential disturbances on the ecosystem. Our study investigated the efficiency of the strain SKF2 among 14 other isolates, molecularly identified to be Scedosporium apiospermum, isolated by our research group from the textile effluent sludge in the degradation of two azo dyes, Reactive Yellow 145 and Remazol Yellow RR. Kinetic profiling of the degradation process revealed the decolourisation efficiency to be 94.8 and 86.9% for RY 145 and RYRR, respectively, during the declining growth phase. Laccase and polyphenol oxidase (RY 145-2.37 and RYRR-2.30 U/mL; RY 145-3.26 and RYRR-2.89 U/mL, respectively) were found to influence the biodegradation process in both the dyes than the other examined fungal degradative enzymes. The metabolic pathway predicted with the aid of GC-MS analysis identified the degraded metabolites to be smaller molecular weight non-toxic products. Assessment of toxicity via brine shrimp lethality assay (RY 145-23.3% and RYRR-16.7%, respectively) and seed germination assay (RY 145-96.7% and RYRR-83.3%) further solidified the detoxified status of both the dyes after biodegradation. The experimental data thus substantiated the expediency of S. apiospermum SKF2 in the degradation of textile azo dyes and its further employment in the bioremediation of textile wastewaters for agricultural applications and ecological recycling.

Carbon-based nanohybrid fabricated in-situ and boosted the adsorption of anionic reactive yellow dye

The purpose of this research is to report a unique manipulation of producing carbon nanotubes/carbon xerogel (CNTs/CX) hybrid loaded with bimetallic catalysts of Fe–Ni via one-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of camphor. Active bimetallic catalysts were formed during carbonization of resorcinol–formaldehyde xerogel at 800 °C to form carbon xerogel (CX); meanwhile, the carbon gas was librated from camphor at 220 °C for 45 min. CX and CNTs/CX samples were analyzed using measurements of transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction tool (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Further, the liquid-phase adsorption of a reactive yellow 160 (RY160) dye on CX and CNTs/CX samples and thermodynamic studies were investigated. TEM and XRD results revealed the formation of carbon nodules in CX combined with bundles of CNTs having outer diameters ranged from 40 to 80 nm in CNTs/CX. Adsorption of RY160 dye was highly relied on pH, temperature, initial dye concentration and contact time. Through kinetic modeling, pseudo-second-order kinetic model expressed closely the experimental data of RY160 adsorption. Equilibrium adsorption studies declared that the Freundlich model is the better with adsorption of RY160 on CNTs/CX due to it has heterogeneous surface character resulting from combination of CX and CNTs. Langmuir adsorption capacity (qL, mg/g) values exhibited that CNTs/CX sample have a superior adsorption of RY160 dye which were reached to 167 mg/g than that by CX (qL = 125 mg/g). Thereof, the produced CX and CNTs/CX samples present higher removal capacity and can be employed successfully for RY160 dye removal from a textile wastewater.

Development of Bi2O3-ZnO heterostructure for enhanced photodegradation of rhodamine B and reactive yellow dyes

Semiconductor based photocatalysis is one of the effective techniques of AOPs for environmental remediation. In present work, the development of an efficient photocatalyst formed by coupling of p-type Bi2O3 and n-type ZnO is reported. The Bi2O3-ZnO heterostructures with 5, 10 and 15% Bi2O3 were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The prepared heterostructures were characterized by various advanced techniques including XRD, XPS, UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM and surface area measurement. The prepared ZnO and Bi2O3-ZnO heterostructures were tested as photocatalysts for photodegradation of dyes using mixed solution of rhodamine B and reactive yellow dyes. The 5% Bi2O3-ZnO heterostructure was found as most efficient photocatalyst with 93 and 91% photodegradation of rhodamine B and reactive yellow dyes, respectively. It was found that incorporation of 5% Bi2O3 with ZnO enhanced the photocatalytic activity about 15 times towards photodegradation of dyes.

Synthesis of a visible-light-driven Ag2O–Co3O4 Z-scheme photocatalyst for enhanced photodegradation of a reactive yellow dye

The development of an efficient, cost-effective, and stable visible-light-driven photocatalyst for the photodegradation of organic pollutants is a challenging task.

Optimization and kinetic evaluation of reactive yellow dye degradation by solar photocatalytic process

Optimization and kinetic evaluation of reactive yellow dye degradation by solar photocatalytic process

Adsorption of reactive yellow BF-3R dye by CTABr modified zeolite NaY

Textile industries generate effluents composed of organic salts and complexes from dyes not fixed on fabrics, or not degraded by the inefficiency of conventional treatment processes, which represents a high potential for environmental impact due to inadequate disposal of the generated effluent. Zeolites are porous materials that have a three-dimensional structure containing tetrahedrals of AlO4 e SiO4 which can be modified to improve its properties. The adsorption process using zeolites as adsorbents can be considered an excellent economic physical treatment to solve or minimize such a problem. This work presents an experimental study focusing on the preparation and characterization of zeolite NaY and modified with organic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) intended to be used as adsorbent in the process of removing yellow dye BF-3R in dye-water system batch system. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and thermogravimetry (TG). The effect of process parameter such as pH was studied. Results revealed that even though the modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide organic surfactant (CTABr) did not cause alterations on the zeolite NaY structure. The IR results revealed that CTABr was successfully incorporated to zeolite NaY structure. The best conditions were established with respect to pH to saturate the available sites located on the zeolite NaY and NaY_CTABr surface. The maximum adsorption capacities were 3.35 and mg/g for dye 5.35 using as-synthesized zeolite NaY and CTABr modified zeolite NaY. Modified zeolites are excellent adsorbents for removing reactive dyes from industrial wastewater.