Reactive Architecture Research Articles

Reactive architecture profiling with a methyl acyl phosphate electrophile

Activity-based protein profiling has facilitated the study of the activity of enzymes in proteomes, inhibitor development, and identification of enzymes that share mechanistic and active-site architectural features. Since methyl acyl phosphate monoesters act as electrostatically selective anionic electrophiles for the covalent modification of nucleophiles that reside adjacent to cationic sites in proteins, we synthesized methyl hex-5-ynoyl phosphate (MHP) to broadly target such protein architectures. After treating the soluble proteome of Paucimonas lemoignei with MHP, biotinylating the resulting acylated proteins using click chemistry, enriching the protein adducts using streptavidin, and analyzing the proteins by LC-MS/MS, a set of 240 enzymes and 132 non-enzyme proteins were identified for a wide spectrum of biological processes and from all 7 enzyme classes. Among those enzymes identified, β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (PlHBDH) and CTP synthase (E. coli orthologue, EcCTPS) were purified as recombinant enzymes and their rates of inactivation and sites of modification by MHP and methyl acetyl phosphate (MAP) were characterized. MHP reacted more slowly with these proteins than MAP but exhibited greater specificity, despite its lack of multiple binding determinants. Generally, MAP modified more surface residues than MHP. MHP specifically modified Ser 146, Lys 156, and Lys 163 at the active site of PlHBDH. MHP and MAP modified numerous residues of EcCTPS with CTP furnishing the greatest level of protection against MHP- and MAP-dependent modification and inactivation, respectively, followed by ATP and glutamine. Overall, MHP served as an effective probe to identify proteins that are potentially amenable to inhibition by methyl acyl phosphates.

A non-intrusive and reactive architecture to support real-time ETL processes in data warehousing environments

Nowadays, organizations are very interested to gather data for strategic decision-making. Data are disposable in operational sources, which are distributed, heterogeneous, and autonomous. These data are gathered through ETL processes, which occur traditionally in a pre-defined time, that is, once a day, once a week, once a month or in a specific period of time. On the other hand, there are special applications for which data needs to be obtained in a faster way and sometimes even immediately after the data are generated in the operation data sources, such as health systems and digital agriculture. Thus, the conventional ETL process and the disposable techniques are incapable of making the operational data delivered in real-time, providing low latency, high availability, and scalability. As our proposal, we present an innovative architecture, named Data Magnet, to cope with real-time ETL processes. The experimental tests performed in the digital agriculture domain using real and synthetic data showed that our proposal was able to deal in real-time with the ETL process. The Data Magnet provided great performance, showing an almost constant elapsed time for growing data volumes. Besides, Data Magnet provided significant performance gains over the traditional trigger technique.

М У Л Ь Т И А Г Е Н Т Н Ы Й К В А Н Т О В Ы Й П О Д Х О Д К М О Д Е Л И Р О В А Н И Ю С Л О Ж Н О Г О Э М О Ц И О Н А Л

The paper describes a quantum approach to the modeling of complex emotions based on the integration of paired basic emotions in a 4-dimensional space of signs identified in the psychoevolutionary theory of emotions by R. Plutchik. A modification of the wheel of emotions of R. Plutchik is proposed in order to formalize it in the form of two models of agents of complex emotions – a model with a reactive architecture based on a rule base and an ensemble hybrid model based on various classes of neuro-fuzzy network architectures, which makes it possible to increase the recognition accuracy by 20–30% in multi-agent systems.

A Non-Intrusive and Reactive Architecture to Support Real-Time ETL Processes in Data Warehousing Environments

A Non-Intrusive and Reactive Architecture to Support Real-Time ETL Processes in Data Warehousing Environments

Online user allocation in mobile edge computing environments:A decentralized reactive approach

As a newly emerging computing paradigm, mobile edge computing (MEC) can energize novel mobile applications, especially the ultra-latency-sensitive ones, by providing powerful local computing capabilities and lower end-to-end delays. However, considering the complex cyber–physical environment and varied time-space user behaviors, as mobile application vendors, how to decide which edge server to serve which edge user in real-time becomes the key challenge. Instead of assuming the simultaneous-batch-arrival pattern of incoming edge users and handling the edge user allocation (EUA) problem as a static optimization, in this paper, we consider the online EUA problem where edge users’ resource demands arrive and depart dynamically. We consider the long-term edge user allocation rate, edge server hiring cost, and edge server energy consumption as allocation targets from the mobile application vendor perspective, and propose a decentralized reactive approach by employing a fuzzy control mechanism to yield the real-time allocation decisions. Experiments based on real-world MEC environment datasets demonstrate our approach outperforms state-of-the-art and baseline ones in terms of user allocation rate, server hiring cost, and energy consumption. • This paper targets at the online edge user allocation (online EUA) problem in mobile edge computing (MEC) environments. • We propose a decentralized reactive architecture for the proposed online EUA problem. • We develop a fuzzy-control-based reactive approach which named DRoEUA to yield real-time allocation decisions.

Integrated control of a multiple-degree-of-freedom hand and arm using a reactive architecture based on high-speed proximity sensing

We describe integrated control of a multiple-degree-of-freedom hand and arm using a simple reactive architecture based on high-speed proximity sensing. A proximity sensor installed on each fingertip of the hand detects the positions between the sensor and the surface of an object. By feeding back the sensor outputs, the reactive architecture simultaneously controls the position of the arm tip and the vector connecting the grasping position and the origin of the arm tip coordinates, the wrist posture, and the initial finger configurations before grasping. This architecture makes it possible to correct position errors. In addition, since the positions and postures are controlled without contact, there is no danger of damaging the object or the robot. To realize this integrated control using a simple reactive architecture, we designed a high-speed proximity sensor for the fingertips of the hand, and developed an integrated control system for the hand and the arm. We demonstrate high-speed position adjustment motion and grasping for static and moving objects in experiments.

Reactive Architecture, Augmented Textiles, Domotics and Soft Architecture Fabrication: On Electronic and Reactive Textiles in Domestic Contexts

The present paper interrogates the status and the role of electronic and reactive textiles in domestic contexts. After a preliminary incursion into the modern definition of home and homing, the paper addresses the changes that took place in the domestic space due to the development of digital and communication technologies. Defined as a “sensing home,” as a “communicating domestic space,” smart homes are challenging the traditional understanding of home, defined in terms of intimacy and privacy. In this context, electronic and reactive textiles are asked to overcome the low acceptance of smart homes, through their technical, sensorial, and cultural dimensions. The paper highlights some of the pros and cons in accommodating the latest technological advances in the field of textiles, analyses the way physical computing allows textiles to transform into domotics (robots for domestic environments), presents some of the latest developments on soft architecture fabrication and argues in favor of a much more critical approach to the development of sensors and actuators in textile objects.

Introduction: Back to the Future

At the Textile Society of America Biennial Symposium 2014 symposium, New Directions: Examining the Past, Creating the Future, I chaired a panel called “3C. Tech, Text, & Textiles.” Out of the papers and panelists present, two were invited to contribute to a special issue convened by Annin Barrett, Jeppe Emil Mogensen: Textiles and Space: The Experience of Textile Qualities in Hospital Interior Design, and Sandra Alfoldy: Cyber Comfort: Textiles as Markers of Care in Video Games. The authors have been joined by two further commissioned articles, Tincuta Heinzel: Reactive Architecture, Augmented Textiles, Domotics and Soft Architecture Fabrication: On Electronic and Reactive Textiles in Domestic Contexts, and Sarah E. Braddock Clarke: Outfitting Textiles, Fashion + Architecture: the Convergence + Interplay of Construction + Engineering for the Human Form.

ImproteK

This article focuses on the introduction of control, authoring, and composition in human-computer music improvisation through the description of a guided music generation model and a reactive architecture, both implemented in the software ImproteK. This interactive music system is used with expert improvisers in work sessions and performances of idiomatic and pulsed music and more broadly in situations of structured or composed improvisation. The article deals with the integration of temporal specifications in the music generation process by means of a fixed or dynamic “scenario” and addresses the issue of the dialectic between reactivity and planning in interactive music improvisation. It covers the different levels involved in machine improvisation: the integration of anticipation relative to a predefined structure in a guided generation process at a symbolic level, an architecture combining this anticipation with reactivity using mixed static/dynamic scheduling techniques, and an audio rendering module performing live re-injection of captured material in synchrony with a non-metronomic beat. Finally, it sketches a framework to compose improvisation sessions at the scenario level, extending the initial musical scope of the system. All of these points are illustrated by videos of performances or work sessions with musicians.

An autonomous reactive architecture for efficient AUV mission time management in realistic dynamic ocean environment

Today AUVs operation still remains restricted to very particular tasks with low real autonomy due to battery restrictions. Efficient path planning and mission scheduling are principle requirement toward advance autonomy and facilitate the vehicle to handle long-range operations. A single vehicle cannot carry out all tasks in a large scale terrain; hence, it needs a certain degree of autonomy in performing robust decision making and awareness of the mission/environment to trade-off between tasks to be completed, managing the available time, and ensuring safe deployment at all stages of the mission. In this respect, this research introduces a modular control architecture including higher/lower level planners, in which the higher level module is responsible for increasing mission productivity by assigning prioritized tasks while guiding the vehicle toward its final destination in a terrain covered by several waypoints; and the lower level is responsible for vehicle’s safe deployment in a smaller scale encountering time-varying ocean current and different uncertain static/moving obstacles similar to actual ocean environment. Synchronization between higher and lower level modules is efficiently configured to manage the mission time and to guarantee on-time termination of the mission. The performance and accuracy of two higher and lower level modules are tested and validated using ant colony and firefly optimization algorithm, respectively. After all, the overall performance of the architecture is investigated in 10 different mission scenarios. The analysis of the captured results from different simulated missions confirms the efficiency and inherent robustness of the introduced architecture in efficient time management, safe deployment, and providing beneficial operation by proper prioritizing the tasks in accordance with mission time.

To Plan or to Simply React? An Experimental Study of Action Planning in a Game Environment

Many contemporary computer games, notably action and role‐playing games, represent an interesting class of navigation‐intensive dynamic real‐time simulations inhabited by autonomous intelligent virtual agents (IVAs). Although higher level reasoning of IVAs in these domains seems suited for action planning, planning is not widely adopted in existing games and similar applications. Moreover, statistically rigorous study measuring performance of planners in decision making in a game‐like domain is missing. Here, five classical planners were connected to the virtual environment of Unreal Development Kit along with a planner for delete‐free domains (only positive preconditions and positive effects). Performance of IVAs employing those planners and IVAs with reactive architecture was measured on a class of game‐inspired test environments of various sizes and under different levels of external interference. The analysis has shown that planning agents outperform reactive agents if (i) the size of the problem is small or if (b) the environment changes are either hostile to the agent or infrequent. In delete‐free domains, specialized approaches are inferior to classical planners because the lower expressivity of delete‐free domains results in lower plan quality. These results can help to determine when planning is advantageous in games and for IVAs control in other dynamic real‐time environments.

Twin Peaks goes Agile

Activities related to software requirements engineering and software architecture significantly contribute to the success of software development projects. In software engineering practice, requirements and architecture affect each other and should not be treated in isolation. However, from a research and conceptual perspective, the dependencies between requirements and architecture are usually investigated by focusing on either requirements engineering or software architecture. Therefore, the Fifth International Workshop on the Twin Peaks of Requirements and Architecture explored the relationship between requirements and software architecture in the broader context of software engineering in general. Based on the outcomes of previous editions of the workshop, this edition aimed at exploring the relationship between requirements and architecture in the context of agile software development. In general, the discussions at the workshop centered on proactive versus reactive software architecture engineering. We found that proactive architecture engineering provides benefits in certain contexts and domains. However, in order to succeed in competitive and fast-moving markets, reactive software architecture engineering may be more suitable, even though reactive architecture engineering could be difficult to in practice since it may require a different mindset from requirements engineers and architects.

ORCA-FMS: a dynamic architecture for the optimized and reactive control of flexible manufacturing scheduling

Reactive and effective hybrid manufacturing control architectures, combining hierarchy and heterarchy adapted to the current constraints of the industrial market and its environment were created. In this article, a new generic hybrid control architecture called ORCA (dynamic Architecture for an Optimized and Reactive Control) is first proposed. This hybrid architecture is able to dynamically and partially switch between a hierarchical predictive architecture and a heterarchical reactive architecture, if an event forbidding the planned behavior to be followed occurs. In this article, this architecture was applied to a Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) problem and denoted ORCA-FMS. ORCA-FMS was tested on an existing manufacturing cell with simulations and real experiments to prove the applicability and the effectiveness of this kind of hybrid architecture in an industrial environment.

Mobile robots׳ modular navigation controller using spiking neural networks

Autonomous navigation plays an important role in mobile robots. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been successfully used in nonlinear systems whose models are difficult to build. However, the third generation neural networks – Spiking neural networks (SNNs) – contain features that are more attractive than those of traditional neural networks (NNs). Because SNNs convey both temporal and spatial information, they are more suitable for mobile robots׳ controller design. In this paper, a modular navigation controller based on promising spiking neural networks for mobile robots is presented. The proposed behavior-based target-approaching navigation controller, in which the reactive architecture is used, is composed of three sub-controllers: the obstacle-avoidance SNN controller, the wall-following SNN controller and the goal-approaching controller. The proposed modular navigation controller does not require accurate mathematical models of the environment, and is suitable to unknown and unstructured environments. Simulation results show that the proposed transition conditions for sub-controllers are feasible. The navigation controller can control the mobile robot to reach a target successfully while avoiding obstacles and following the wall to get rid of the deadlock caused by local minimum.

R-AIMS: a reactive multi-agent system-based incident/emergency management system

Emergency management is one of the most important areas where the opportunities of new techniques and technologies should be used. Emergency management is a special case of management where involved people have to act decisively within tight time schedules with often incomplete information. Information flow in emergency cases is as many as in usual situations, generally irregular and lacks in reliability. It is very difficult for decision makers who are under stress to take right decisions under these circumstances. Intelligent agent-based systems decision support systems are capable to work in these unstable, dynamic environments where parts of the system interact with themselves and their environment. The goal of this paper is to present a complex adaptive system approach to emergency management decision support systems via an agent-based application. This application called as R-AIMS is a novel system for intelligent decision support systems in emergency management based on a reactive agent architecture.

Modelling and control of an omnidirectional mobile manipulator

Abstract A new approach to control an omnidirectional mobile manipulator is developed. The robot is considered to be an individual agent aimed at performing robotic tasks described in terms of a displacement and a force interaction with the environment. A reactive architecture and impedance control are used to ensure reliable task execution in response to environment stimuli. The mechanical structure of our holonomic mobile manipulator is built of two joint manipulators mounted on a holonomic vehicle. The vehicle is equipped with three driven axles with two spherical orthogonal wheels. Taking into account the dynamical interaction between the base and the manipulator, one can define the dynamics of the mobile manipulator and design a nonlinear controller using the input-state linearization method. The control structure of the robot is built in order to demonstrate the main capabilities regarding navigation and obstacle avoidance. Several simulations were conducted to prove the effectiveness of this approach.

Development of Reactive Control Strategy for Multi-Agent Mobile Robotics System

Multi–agent system is one the most popular research interests in robotics nowadays. Imagine for a swarm of robots, what kind of intelligence can we build now? This question arises from emulating biological systems. How is it that colonies of small ants can work together to perform a difficult task that single ant cannot do it alone? How might collections of simple robots aid us in human endeavours? By examining these questions, one of the common characteristics shared by each agent is in agent simplicity. Simplicity in control means that the robots are provided with direct commands in order to execute the action. It doesn’t need to gather all information from various sensors to plan its action like deliberative control which is also known as sensors fusion that clearly required a lot of computational time and also the mapping that its produces might not valid at the time when changes occurs between the time it gathers the information and the time it plans its actions. Instead, intelligence will arise when these simple agents work together to perform some complex task cooperatively. By examining the major control architectures available in robotics area, subsumption–based reactive control architecture gives the tools as required. Priority–based scheme is used in arbitration level to select which behaviour to run. In this paper decentralised reactive control architecture was used to justify the communication based simple control architecture can perform complex task like carrying load and navigate. Key words: Multi-agent system; reactive control architecture; control algorithm

Subtle futures

ABSTRACTThis article explores the impact of the digital world on opera and questions whether ‘digital’ is simply a fashionable bolt-on construct within the conventions of opera, or whether it represents a pivotal moment when a new order of transformative phenomena fundamentally changes our experience and cognition of performance. While the avant-garde will continue to challenge our intellectual and emotional psyche with or without digitization, a new breed of artists is currently reinventing the medium of opera, redefining notions of time and space, and blurring traditional distinctions between performer, audience and the fourth wall. Intelligent, informed and musically literate audiences exist, ready to engage with a plethora of alternate media forms, of which opera is not generally one. If subtle technologies enable us radically to alter opera, turning it into an entirely new state that can connect with such audiences, these technologies should be embraced. Some form of hybrid opera formulated from games play, thematic entertainments and reactive architecture might well repel traditional opera audiences, but it might represent the injection that I argue opera needs.

Navigation towards a goal position: from reactive to generalised learned control

The task of navigating to a target position in space is a fairly common task for a mobile robot. It is desirable that this task is performed even in previously unknown environments. One reactive architecture explored before addresses this challenge by denning a hand-coded coordination of primitive behaviours, encoded by the Potential Fields method. Our first approach to improve the performance of this architecture adds a learning step to autonomously find the best way to coordinate primitive behaviours with respect to an arbitrary performance criterion. Because of the limitations presented by the Potential Fields method, especially in relation to non-convex obstacles, we are investigating the use of Relational Reinforcement Learning as a method to not only learn to act in the current environment, but also to generalise prior knowledge to the current environment in order to achieve the goal more quickly in a non-convex structured environment. We show the results of our previous efforts in reaching goal positions along with our current research on generalised approaches.

Cognitive Memory for Semantic Agents Architecture in Robotic Interaction

Since 1960, AI researchers have worked on intelligent and reactive architectures capable of managing multiple events and acts in the environment. This issue is part of the Robotics domain. An extraction of meaning at different levels of abstraction and the decision process must be implemented in the robot brain to accomplish the multimodal interaction with humans in a human environment. This paper presents a semantic agents architecture giving the robot the ability to understand what is happening and thus provide more robust responses. Intelligence and knowledge about objects like behaviours in the environment are stored in two ontologies linked to an inference engine. To store and exchange information, an event knowledge representation language is used by semantic agents. This architecture brings other advantages: pervasive, cooperating, redundant, automatically adaptable, and interoperable. It is independent of platforms.