Reaction Of Elemental Phosphorus Research Articles

Phosphine chalcogenides and their derivatives from red phosphorus and functionalized pyridines, imidazoles, pyrazoles and their antimicrobial and cytostatic activity

Tertiary phosphine oxides, phosphine sulfides, and phosphine selenides containing pyridine, imidazole, and pyrazole groups have been synthesized via the reaction of elemental phosphorus or secondary phosphine oxides with functional pyridines, imidazoles, and pyrazoles. Alkyl tris(2-pyridylethyl)phosphonium iodide and bromide are also obtained by quaternization of the corresponding phosphine. Antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds, including nitrogen-containing heterocycles, phosphorus, selenium, and sulfur, with respect to Enterococcus durans, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa microorganisms is evaluated. It is found that phosphine chalcogenides bearing imidazole (14, 19), pyrazole (13), and pyridine fragments (5, 9) and phosphonium salts (11, 12) can be considered as new promising antibacterial agents. For some synthesized compounds, LC50 is determined. Phosphine oxide with methylpyrazole fragments (13) and phosphonium salts (11, 12) show strong profile of antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxic effect of phosphonium bromide having a long chain radical (12) is by order of magnitude higher than that of cisplatin. We believe that the results obtained may contribute to the development of highly effective agents for the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections and cancers.

ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Elemental Phosphorus with α‐Methylstyrenes: One‐Pot Synthesis of Secondary and Tertiary Phosphines, Prospective Bulky Ligands for Pd(II) Catalysts.

AbstractDepending on the reaction conditions, the one‐pot transformation of α‐methylstyrenes with red phosphorus gives secondary and tertiary phosphines or phosphinic acids.

New method for the synthesis of ammonium salts of O,O'-alkylenedithiophosphoric acid and octathiotetraphosphetane. Crystal structure features's of diethylammonium salt of O,O'-propylenedithiophosphoric acid

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Reaction of elemental phosphorus with α-methylstyrenes: one-pot synthesis of secondary and tertiary phosphines, prospective bulky ligands for Pd(II) catalysts

α-Methylstyrene and 4-chloro-α-methylstyrene react readily with elemental (red) phosphorus under microwave-irradiation in the superbase KOH/DMSO suspension to afford, depending on the reactant ratio and reaction time, either corresponding bis(2-arylpropyl)phosphines or tris(2-arylpropyl)phosphines in 46–54% and 69–77% yields, respectively. Upon the heating only (110–130 °C, 3 h), this reaction provides mainly tris(2-arylpropyl)phosphine oxides (up to 78% yield) along with (2-arylpropyl)phosphinic acids (up to 43%). The synthesized phosphines are prospective bulky ligands for metal catalysts that has been demonstrated by the preparation of a new Pd(II) complex, trans-[Pd(PR3)2Cl2], which proves to be active in the Sonogashira couplings.

Synthesis of organophosphorus compounds based on the reaction of elemental phosphorus with proton-donor reagents

Reaction of elemental (white) phosphorus with proton-donor reagents has been studied. The following organophosphorus compounds containing P-O and P-S bonds have been synthesized: metal hypophosphites and phosphites, and ammonium salts of O,O′-diesters of dithiophosphoric, S,S′-diphenyldithiophosphoric, S,S′-dialkyltetrathiophosphoric, O,O′-alkylidenedithiophosphoric acids, and octathiotetraphosphetane. The reaction products include highly efficient inhibitors of steel corrosion with carbonic acid and hydrogen sulfide as well as compounds showing fungicide, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activity.

Reaction of elemental phosphorus (P4) and sulfur with amines in the presence of alkylene glycols: New method to prepare octathiotetraphosphetane ammonium salts

Reaction of elemental phosphorus (P4) and sulfur with amines in the presence of alkylene glycols: New method to prepare octathiotetraphosphetane ammonium salts

A shortcut to tris[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phosphine oxide and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylphosphinic acid via reaction of elemental phosphorus with 4-tert-butoxystyrene

Red phosphorus reacts with 4-tert-butoxystyrene in KOH/DMSO system to afford (depending on the reaction conditions) tris(4-tert-but- oxyphenylethyl)phosphine oxide (48% yield) and/or 4-tert-butoxyphenylethylphosphinic acid (30% yield). The treatment of these products with aqueous HCl (45 °C, 5 min) quantitatively delivers tris[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phosphine oxide and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl-phosphinic acid.

First example of the $$ C_{sp^2 } $$ -P bond formation in the reaction of red phosphorus with hetaryl halides

Direct reactions of red and white phosphorus with electrophiles (aryland hetarylalkenes, arylacetylenes, alkyl, allyl, and benzyl halides) in superbasic systems alkali metal hydroxide – dipolar aprotic solvent (DMSO, HMPTA) or under the conditions of phase transfer catalysis are now considered as a novel chlorine-free method of formation of the С–P bond [1, 2]. Within this approach, the one-pot methods have been elaborated for the synthesis of various phosphines, phosphine oxides, and phospinic acids [1, 2] which had earlier been obtained by multistep processes from phosphorus halides. However, in the case of the substitution reaction only the Сsp3–P bond was formed. Recently, tris(1-naphthyl)phosphine was synthesized from red phosphorus and 1-naphthyl bromide in the system KОН–DMSO [3]. To the best of our knowledge, there are no data in the literature on the formation of the Сsp2–P in the reactions of elemental phosphorus with hetaryl halides in superbasic systems.

Reactions of elemental phosphorus and phosphine with electrophiles in superbasic systems: XX. Phosphorylation of 4-vinylbenzyl chloride with elemental phosphorus

4-Vinylbenzyl chloride reacts with white and red phosphorus, as well as with nanostructured “activated” red phosphorus (complex organophosphorus polymer prepared from white phosphorus under ionizing radiation) in the system concentrated aqueous KOH-dioxane-phase-transfer catalyst (20–50°C, argon) to form tris(4-vinylbenzyl)phosphine oxide, along with (4-vinylbenzyl)- and bis(4-vinylbenzyl)phosphinic acids, the yield and product ratio being dependent on both the reaction conditions and the nature of the phosphorylating agent. The nanostructured “activated” red phosphorus is more reactive than ordinary commercial red phosphorus.

Reactions of elemental phosphorus and phosphine with electrophiles in superbasic systems: XVIII. Phosphorylation of 1-(chloromethyl)naphthalene with the elemental phosphorus

1-Chloromethylnaphthalene reacts with white and red phosphorus, and also with the “activated red phosphorus,” the complex organophosphorus polymer of unknown structure obtained by irradiation of a solution of white phosphorus in benzene by the 60Co source, in a system including KOH water solution, dioxane or benzene, and a phase transfer catalyst (22–98°C, argon), to form bis(1-naphthylmethyl)-and tris-(1-naphthylmethyl)phosphine oxides, and also (1-naphthylmethyl)phosphonous-and bis(1-naphthylmethyl)-phosphinic acids. The yield and the ratio of the reaction products depend on reaction conditions as well as on the nature of phosphorylating agent. It is shown that the reactivity of the “activated red phosphorus” is not worse than that of the white phosphorus and significantly exceeds the reactivity of the usual technical red phosphorus.

Reaction of Elemental Phosphorus (P4) with Thiophenol in the Presence of Amines

Elemantal phosphorus (P4) reacts with thiophenol and amines at elevated temperature in acetonitrile to give ammonium or acetimidamidium S,S-diphenyl phosphorodithioates, depending on the nature of the amine. Analogous salts were isolated in the reaction of triphenyl phosphorotrithioite with thiophenol and corresponding amines in acetonitrile. The molecular and crystal structures of the acetimidamidium salt was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. With two different types of intermolecular interactions taken into account, a 1D supramolecular structure formed by infinite cylinders, rather that 0D structures, dimers of anion-cation pairs formed by classical hydrogen bonds exclusively, was obtained. S,S,S-Triphenyl phosphorotrithioate is formed by the reactions of P4 with thiophenol and a catalytic amount of an amine or in the presence of diphenyl disulfide.

Reactions of Elemental Phosphorus and Phosphine with Electrophiles in Superbasic Systems: XVI. Phosphorylation of Benzyl Chloride with Elemental Phosphorus and Phosphine

The major product of the reaction of benzyl chloride with red phosphorus in the system concentrated aqueous KOH-dioxane-phase-transfer catalyst (43–95°C, Ar) is tribenzylphosphine oxide (yield up to 61%). Under similar conditions, phosphorylation of benzyl chloride with white phosphorus occurs differently, yielding dibenzylphosphine oxide as major product. Conditions are found for preparative synthesis of dibenzylphosphine from phosphine and benzyl chloride in the system KOH-DMSO.

Novel Approach to the Synthesis of Phosphorus Sulfur Organic Compounds and Their Metal Complexes

The reaction of elemental phosphorus (Pti 4) and sulfur with protonodonor reagents (alcohols, phenols, and thiols) has been studied in the presence of amines and complexes based on trialkyltrithiophosphites and transition metal halides. A novel approach to the synthesis of phosphorus sulfur organic compounds has been proposed on the basis of these reactions.

Reactions of Elemental Phosphorus and Phosphine with Electrophiles in Superbasic Systems: XIV.1 Phosphorylation of 2-Vinylnaphthalene with Elemental Phosphorus and Phosphines in the KOH-DMSO System

Elemental phosphorus (red or white) reacts with 2-vinylnaphthalene while heating at 90-96°C in the superbasic KOH-DMSO system to form 2-(2-naphthyl)ethylphosphine, 2-(2-naphthyl)ethylphosphinic acid, bis[2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl]phosphine, bis[2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl]phosphine oxide, and tris[2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl]phosphine oxide in a total yield of up to 40%. Selective conditions for preparing the tertiary phosphine oxide from white phosphorus and 2-vinylnaphthalene in 58% yield were found. Phosphine and (2-phenylpropyl)phosphine add to 2-vinylnaphthalene in the KOH-DMSO system to form, under certain conditions, corresponding secondary phosphines in high yields.

Reaction of Elemental Phosphorus with Thiophenol and Triethylamine as a New Route to Amine Salts of S,S-Diphenyl Hydrogen Phosphorodithioate

Reaction of Elemental Phosphorus with Thiophenol and Triethylamine as a New Route to Amine Salts of S,S-Diphenyl Hydrogen Phosphorodithioate

Reactions of Elemental Phosphorus and Phosphines with Electrophiles in Superbasic Systems: XII. Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Tertiary Phosphine Oxides from Red Phosphorus and Organyl Halides

Alkyldibenzyl- and benzyldialkylphosphine oxides were prepared in one stage by direct phosphorylation of a mixture of alkyl bromides and benzyl chloride with red phosphorus under the conditions of phase-transfer catalysis (concentrated aqueous KOH solution-dioxane-benzyltriethylammonium chloride).

Reactions of Elemental Phosphorus and Phosphines with Electrophiles in Superbasic Systems: XIII. Phosphorylation of Phenylacetylene with Active Modifications of Elemental Phosphorus

Phosphorylation of phenylacetylene with white or activated red phosphorus (prepared from white phosphorus under the action of ionizing radiation) occurs in KOH-DMSO or KOH-HMPA systems with heat evolution and stereoselective formation of Z isomers of tristyrylphosphine and -phosphine oxide in yields of 48-49% and 10-15%, respectively. Under the comparable conditions the commercial red phosphorus is considerably less reactive toward phenylacetylene: The total yield of the above-mentioned products is 5%.

Synthesis of organic phosphines and phosphine oxides from elemental phosphorus and phosphine in the presence of strong bases

Data on the reactions of elemental phosphorus and phosphine with electrophilic reagents are described systematically and analyzed. These reactions occur in the presence of strong bases and yield primary, secondary, and tertiary phosphines and phosphine oxides.

Syntheses based on elemental phosphorus, sulfur, and their derivatives

This review summarizes the data on the synthesis of various phosphorus-and-sulfurcontaining organic compounds based on the reactions of elemental phosphorus and sulfur and their derivatives (various types of esters of trivalent phosphorus thioacids) with a variety of organic compounds.

ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Elemental Phosphorus with Electrophiles in Superbasic Systems.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.