Reaction Of Barley Research Articles

Reaction of barley to top-dressing with different types of nitrogen fertilizer

The study was carried out to investigate effect of mineral (CAN) and organo-mineral (OMF) top-dress nitrogen fertilizers on physiological and morphological parameters in three barley cultivars. The study revealed significant differences in the reaction of the cultivars in magnitude and direction of the yield structure elements. CAN had smaller effect on the studied parameters than OMF. CAN had no effect on grain yield and straw mass. Only for the cv. Novichok, there was an increase in grain weight from the main ear (15%), the length of the main ear (15%), the 1000-grain weight (2.9%). OMF led to increase grain yield in the cv. Novichok (43%), Pamiaty Rodinoy (16%), and did not change in the cv. Rodnik Prikamya. Only the cv. Novichok has increased the grain mass from the main ear (17%). The length of the main ear increased in the cv. Novichok (13%), Pamiaty Rodinoy (11%) but decreased in the cv. Rodnik Prikamya (7.5%). The influence of OMF increased the 1000-grain weight in the cv. Novichok (4.9%) and Pamiaty Rodinoy (2.5%), but decreased in the cv. Rodnik Prikamya (1.5%). Statistically differences were revealed in reaction of pigment complexes of flag and second leaves in all cultivars.

Influence of ions of heavy metals on action of genetic systems of microdistribution of plastic substances in an ear/panicle of barley and oats

The influence of ions of heavy metals on actions of the genetic system of microdistribution of photosynthesis products between grain and chaff of cereal crops is determined. It is shown that oat plants are characterized by the same reaction on the tested metals, whereas the reaction of barley is determined by varietal features and exact heavy metal. The direction and size of shifts in action of the genetic system did not coincide with the level of potential stress resistance of plants.

Exploiting regulatory variation to identify genes underlying quantitative resistance to the wheat stem rust pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in barley

We previously mapped mRNA transcript abundance traits (expression-QTL or eQTL) using the Barley1 Affymetrix array and 'whole plant' tissue from 139 progeny of the Steptoe x Morex (St/Mx) reference barley mapping population. Of the 22,840 probesets (genes) on the array, 15,987 reported transcript abundance signals that were suitable for eQTL analysis, and this revealed a genome-wide distribution of 23,738 significant eQTLs. Here we have explored the potential of using these mRNA abundance eQTL traits as surrogates for the identification of candidate genes underlying the interaction between barley and the wheat stem rust fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. We re-analysed quantitative 'resistance phenotype' data collected on this population in 1990/1991 and identified six loci associated with barley's reaction to stem rust. One of these coincided with the major stem rust resistance locus Rpg1, that we had previously positionally cloned using this population. Correlation analysis between phenotype values for rust infection and mRNA abundance values reported by the 22,840 GeneChip probe sets placed Rpg1, which is on the Barley1 GeneChip, in the top five candidate genes for the major QTL on chromosome 7H corresponding to the location of Rpg1. A second co-located with the rpg4/Rpg5 stem rust resistance locus that has been mapped in a different population and the remaining four were novel. Correlation analyses identified candidate genes for the rpg4/Rpg5 locus on chromosome 5H. By combining our data with additional published mRNA profiling data sets, we identify a putative sensory transduction histidine kinase as a strong candidate for a novel resistance locus on chromosome 2H and compile candidate gene lists for the other three loci.

Barley reaction toPyrenophora gramineabased on the fungus movement

Systemic movement of Pyrenophora graminea in five barley genotypes was used to quantify the infection level of leaf stripe disease. The systemic movement of the fungus was slower in the resistant than in the susceptible genotypes and enabled easy differentiation among them. Significant correlations were found (P = 0.001) between relative in vitro value and both percentage yield loss (r = 0.94) and disease incidence (r = 0.97) obtained from the field experiment. P. graminea movement within barley plants can be a useful criterion when differentiating resistant from susceptible genotypes.

Effect of plant age and leaf position on the reaction of barley toPyrenophora teres

Effect of plant age and leaf position on the reaction of barley to<i>Pyrenophora teres</i>

A study of factors influencing the genetics of reaction of barley to root rot caused by Helminthosporium sativum

The inheritance of seedling reaction to root rot, caused by the 514 isolate of Helminthosporium sativum, was studied in crosses and backcrosses among the barley varieties CI.8969 and CI.8873, which show resistance, and the variety Olli, which is susceptible. The study was carried out under a controlled environment in growth cabinets. The data from reaction tests of F3 and backcross families were analyzed by Elston's procedure for testing a one-locus hypothesis, and by Powers' partitioning method. Polygenic inheritance for seedling reaction was indicated, but subsequent experiments showed that seed weight strongly influenced the reaction, which could account for the polygenic interpretation. Based on a drastic reduction of resistance in greenhouse-produced seed, irrespective of seed weight, a high positive correlation of seed weight with resistance in field-produced seed, and other evidence of a similar nature, it was assumed that resistance was related to a principle, present in the seed or on the seed surface, the quantity of which was influenced by seed size and modified by environment. Whether there was a genotypic influence on the quantity of the resistance principle, aside from that affecting seed weight, was not established conclusively. A field study involving the same materials, made in an area known to produce natural root-rot infection, showed that no correlation existed between the disease indices of the entries in the seedling stage in the growth-cabinet tests, and their reaction to the disease in the field. CI.8873 showed field resistance, whereas CI.8969 did not.

Growth inhibition in cereal seedlings induced by gamma irradiation at different oxygen tensions

The reaction of barley and rye seeds to anaerobic and aerobic γ-irradiation was studied, with special emphasis on such properties where the action of neutrons has been found qualitatively different from that of (aerobic) γ-or X-irradiation. The reaction of anaerobic γ-irradiation was found similar to that of neutrons, and unlike that of aerobic γ-irradiation, in the following respects: (a) a more linear dose dependence of the radiation induced growth inhibition of seedlings; (b) a relatively greater inhibition of root growth; (c) a smaller variation of seedling heights; the coefficient of variation of seedling height following anaerobic γ-irradiation or neutron irradiation is equal to that of the unirradiated control samples; after aerobic γ-irradiation (in air or in high pressure oxygen) the coefficient of variation at 50 per cent growth reduction is 2–3 times the control value; (d) no influence of the water content of the seeds on their radiation sensitivity, within the range of water contents investigated (6–20%) (indicated in comparison of different experiments). The findings are discussed in the light of investigations of especially H oward-F landers (19) and C aldecott (6), demonstrating that in the absence of oxygen, the γ-irradiation is active exclusively through high LET segments of the total track length, i.e. chiefly through δ-rays. RBE of fission neutrons relative to anaerobic γ-radiation is found to be around 50.