Reaction Of Barium Research Articles

A Two-Dimensional Barium(II) Coordination Polymer with Pyridinium-2,3-Dicarboxylate: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Thermal Decomposition to Barium(II) Chloride Nanoparticles

A two-dimensional (2D) barium(II) coordination polymer [Ba(H2O)(µ-H2O)(µ-Cl)(µ-2,3-pyHdc)]n (1) (2,3-pyHdc = pyridinium-2,3-dicarboxylate), was prepared by reaction of barium(II) chloride dihydrate and pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid in aqueous solution and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and TGA/DTA methods. The single-crystal X-ray structure analysis revealed that barium(II) ion in 1 has a distorted bicapped square-antiprismatic coordination geometry. The barium(II) ions are alternately bridged by the carboxylate O atoms only and by both carboxylate O atoms and water molecules, forming zig-zag chains of barium(II) ions extending along the [1 0 0] direction. All the barium(II) ions in these chains are also bridged by the chloride ions, resulting in the formation of an infinite 2D coordination network parallel to the (0 0 1) plane. Thermal decomposition of 1 in the presence of polyethylene glycol led to the formation of the BaCl2 nanoparticles. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the prepared BaCl2 nanoparticles. The PXRD trace showed a formation of BaCl2 with an orthorhombic witherite structure.

In Situ Neutron Diffraction Studies of the Metal Flux Growth of Ba/Yb/Mg/Si Intermetallics.

The Ba/Yb/Mg/Si intermetallic system is extremely complex, with four competing structurally related compounds forming from reactions of barium, ytterbium, and silicon in magnesium-rich Mg/Al flux. In addition to the previously reported Ba2Yb0.9Mg11.1Si7, Ba5Yb2Mg17Si12, and Ba20Yb5Mg61Si43, a new compound has been found. Ba6Yb1.84Mg18.16Si13 crystallizes in the P6̅ space group, with the Zr6Ni20P13 structure type. Quenching experiments and in situ neutron powder diffraction studies were carried out to determine the reaction parameters that favor particular products. Under slow-cooling conditions, Ba5Yb2Mg17Si12 precipitates from the flux at 800 °C. A faster cooling rate of an identical reaction results in the formation of single crystals of Ba20Yb5Mg61Si43 in the flux at 640 °C. This indicates that the crystallization of products in this metal flux reaction does not involve precipitation and interconversion of different phases but instead depends on the rate of cooling across the supersaturated metastable zone in this system.

Two Different Barium(II) 2D Coordination Polymers Constructed with Pyrazine-2,3-Dicarboxylate: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Thermal Decomposition to Barium(II) Carbonate Nanoparticles

Two novel barium(ii) 2D coordination polymers, {[Ba(µ-H2O)(H2O)2(µ-pyzdc)]}n (1) and {[Ba(H2O)2(µ-Hpyzdc)(Hpyzdc)]⋅2H2O}n (2) (pyzdcH2 = pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid), were prepared by reaction of barium(ii) chloride dihydrate and pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid under similar experimental conditions (slightly different pH values) and characterised by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis methods. Their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis and it was revealed that the barium(ii) ion has a distorted bicapped square antiprismatic coordination geometry in 1 and a distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry in 2, composed of water molecules, carboxylate O, and pyrazine N atoms in both cases. The polymers 1 and 2 have different connectivity, as the pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate ion acts as multidentate bridging ligand in both 1 and 2, but also as an N,O′-bidentate terminal ligand in 2. There are terminal coordinated water molecules in both 1 and 2, but bridging water molecules are present only in 1 and water molecules of crystallisation only in 2. BaCO3 nanoparticles were formed by thermal decomposition of 1 in the presence of polyethylene glycol, and their structure and morphology were studied by powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. According to the powder X-ray diffraction pattern, BaCO3 was formed with an orthorhombic witherite structure.

Crystal structure of a mixed-ligand dinuclear Ba-Zn complex with 2-meth-oxy-ethanol having tri-phenyl-acetate and chloride bridges.

The dinuclear barium-zinc complex, μ-chlorido-1:2κ(2) Cl:Cl-chlorido-2κCl-bis-(2-meth-oxy-ethanol-1κO)bis-(2-meth-oxy-ethanol-1κ(2) O,O')bis-(μ-tri-phenyl-acetato-1:2κ(2) O:O')bariumzinc, [BaZn(C20H15O2)2Cl2(C3H8O2)4], has been synthesized by the reaction of barium tri-phenyl-acetate, anhydrous zinc chloride and 2-meth-oxy-ethanol in the presence of toluene. The barium and zinc metal cations in the dinuclear complex are linked via one chloride anion and carboxyl-ate O atoms of the tri-phenyl-acetate ligands, giving a Ba⋯Zn separation of 3.9335 (11) Å. The irregular nine-coordinate BaO8Cl coordination centres comprise eight O-atom donors, six of them from 2-meth-oxy-ethanol ligands (four from two bidentate O,O'-chelate inter-actions and two from monodentate inter-actions), two from bridging tri-phenyl-acetate ligands and one from a bridging Cl donor. The distorted tetra-hedral coordination sphere of zinc comprises two O-atom donors from the tri-phenyl-acetate ligands and two Cl donors (one bridging and one terminal). In the crystal, O-H⋯Cl, O-H⋯O and C-H⋯Cl inter-molecular inter-actions form a layered structure, lying parallel to (001).

SrBa2(NH2)6: A New Ternary Amide from Ammonothermal Synthesis

AbstractSingle crystals of SrBa2(NH2)6 were obtained from the reaction of barium and strontium metal under ammonothermal conditions at a pressure of 180 MPa and a temperature of 573 K. The crystal structure [a = 6.395(2) Å, b = 7.195(2) Å, c = 10.471(2) Å, β = 97.99(2)°, Z = 2, V = 477.13(2) Å3, P21/n] contains Ba in sevenfold and Sr in octahedral coordination by amide ions, similar to the enviroments of these metal ions in the binary amides. Further, IR and Raman data are reported.

New Metal–Organic Framework Solids Built from Barium and Isoelectronic Chelidamic and Chelidonic Acids

Two new Ba(II) metal–organic framework solids bearing the chelidamate [Ba2(C7H3NO5)2(μ-H2O)(H2O)6]·2H2O (1) and chelidonate [Ba(C7H2O6)(H2O)] (2) ligands were synthesized and characterized by IR, elemental, thermal, photoluminescent and X-ray diffraction analyses. In complex 1 the chelidamate dianion exists in two tautomeric forms, in which the enol form exhibits unprecedented (К1, К1) (К1) (К2, К2, μ2, μ2)-μ7 heptadentate coordination while the keto form with (К1, К1)(К2)-μ4 tetradentate mode. It is a 2D polymer in which the first and second dimensions are satisfied by carboxylate oxygens while the third is by the combination of hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking of aromatic rings. There are two independent barium ions (Ba1, Ba2) in complex 1 that are nine coordinated, but their coordination environment is different. Complex 2 is a 3D polymer and the organic linker, 4-oxo-pyran-2,6-dicarboxylate (chelidonate) anion exhibits denticity as seven with barium having the similar nine coordination. The reaction of barium nitrate/chloride with isoelectronic chelidamic and chelidonic acids generates a unique two- , three dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF) of [Ba2(C7H3NO5)2(μ-H2O)(H2O)6].2H2O (1), [Ba(C7H2O6)(H2O)] (2) under pH sensitive medium

Flux Growth and Electronic Properties of Ba2In5Pn5 (Pn = P, As): Zintl Phases Exhibiting Metallic Behavior

Ba2In5P5 and Ba2In5As5 were grown from the reaction of barium and the pnictogen elements in indium flux. These Zintl phases feature a new structure type in orthorhombic space group Pnma (for the phosphorus analogue, a = 17.2572(2) A, b = 4.1599(1) A, c = 17.4895(2) A, R1 = 0.0376). The layered structure features anionic slabs of interconnected main group atoms, with hexagonal channels defined by In−In bonds and capped on the outer edges by the pnictides; Ba2+ cations reside in between these layers. Despite the apparently charge-balanced nature of the structure and the band gaps indicated in density of states calculations, the rising resistivities with increasing temperature indicate these materials behave as metals (ρRT for Ba2In5P5 = 1.0 × 10−3 Ω cm, and ρRT Ba2In5As5 = 6.1 × 10−3 Ω cm). NMR studies of the 115In Knight shifts and the Korringa relationship observed for the temperature dependence of the 31P resonance of Ba2In5P5 characterize these compounds as semiconductors doped into the metallic regime....

Potentialities of fibrous ion-exchange materials in the determination of sulfate ions by color reactions of barium with organic reagents on a solid phase

The possibility of the determination of sulfate ions with the use of fibrous materials filled with ion exchangers on the basis of color reactions of barium with the organic reagents Arsenazo III, Orthanilic B, and Orthanilic K on a solid phase was examined. A polyacrylonitrile fiber filled the cation exchanger KU-2; anion exchangers AB-17, A-5, ANKF-211, and EDE-10p; and polyampholyte ANKB-50 (PANV-ANKB-50) was used as the support. The study of the different techniques of the sorption of the reaction components demonstrated the efficiency of the two systems involving PANV-ANKB-50. The determination of sulfates is possible because of the sorption of the excess barium remaining after the reaction with sulfate ions in the solution and its detection on the solid phase with a solution of Arsenazo III or the detection of the excess barium remaining after the interaction with the solution of sulfate ions on the solid phase with a solution of Orthanilic K. The calibration plots are linear in the concentration range of sulfate ions 10−4–10−5 M.

BaSm 5[Si 9Al 3N 20]O – a nitridoaluminosilicate oxide with a new structure type composed of “star-shaped” [N [4]((Si,Al)N 3) 4] units as secondary building units

The nitridoaluminosilicate oxide BaSm 5[Si 9Al 3N 20]O was obtained by the reaction of barium and samarium metal, BaCO 3, AlN and “Si(NH) 2” in a radiofrequency furnace at temperatures around 1850 °C. The crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 200(2) K ( P321, no. 150, Z = 1 , a = 9.5101 ( 8 ) Å , c = 6.1207 ( 5 ) Å , R 1 = 0.0247 ). It represents a new structure type with channels filled with chains of oxygen anions with corner sharing trigonal-bipyramidal coordination spheres. The anionic (Si,Al)/N 3D-network is made up solely of “star-shaped” [N [4]((Si,Al)N 3) 4] units consisting of four (Si,Al)N 4 tetrahedra sharing a common central nitrogen atom. The structure refinement was performed utilizing an O/N-distribution model according to Paulings rules, i.e., nitrogen was positioned on all bridging sites and oxygen was positioned on the isolated position, resulting in charge neutrality of the compound. Thus a structure model representing a nitridoaluminosilicate oxide has been established. The Si and Al atoms have been distributed equally on their crystallographic sites, referring to their elemental proportion in the compound, due to being poorly distinguishable by X-ray methods. The chemical composition of the compound was derived from electron probe micro analyses (EPMA).

New families of mixed alkaline-earth nitridomolybdates and nitridotungstates, (Ba,Sr)3[MN4] (M = Mo, W)Dedicated to Dr Marten G. Barker in memoriam.

Two new families of nitrides containing molybdenum(VI) and tungsten(VI) were synthesised by the reaction of barium and strontium nitride with either molybdenum or tungsten foils at high temperature in sealed stainless steel crucibles. The reactions yielded single crystalline products determined by X-ray diffraction to form orthorhombic structures in the space group Pbca (no. 61). The compounds are isostructural with the “low temperature” polymorph of Ba3MoN4 and form solid solutions within the limits investigated. The structures contain isolated [Mo(W)N4]6− tetrahedra and alkaline-earth cations distributed across three crystallographic sites dependent on cationic radius. The title compounds are the first examples of mixed strontium–barium transition metal nitrides.

Synthesis and characterization of monomeric Ba and Sr complexes with malonate and Lewis base ligands

The reaction of barium or strontium metal in ammonia gas-saturated THF with two equivalents of dimethyl malonate (dmalH) in the presence of tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (tetraglyme) or 1,1,4,7,7-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (pmdt) yields Ba(dmal) 2(tetraglyme) ( 1), Ba(dmal) 2(pmdt) ( 2), Sr(dmal) 2(tetraglyme) ( 3), and Sr(dmal) 2(pmdt) ( 4) as colorless crystals in reasonable yields (45–52%). These complexes have been characterized by spectroscopic methods (IR and 1H- and 13C-NMR) and elemental analysis data. Molecular structures of 1, 3, and 4 have been determined by X-ray diffraction studies and have revealed that they are monomeric and the tetraglyme or pmdt ligand wraps around a central metal atom in a meridional plane with the dmal ligands on opposite sides of this plane.

Study of the aqueous reactions of metallic ions with benzenetetracarboxylate ions: Part 2. Crystal structures of compounds of the type M(H 2O) 5(μ-C 6H 2(COO) 4)M(H 2O) 5 (M=Mn and Co) and a novel mixed-metallic Mn–Co dimeric compound

The reactions of barium 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylate with CoSO 4 produced the dinuclear species Co(H 2O) 5(μ-C 6H 2(COO) 4)Co(H 2O) 5 which was characterized by crystallographic methods. The results have shown that the compound belongs to the monoclinic C2/ c space group and it crystallized with six molecules of water in the lattice. The crystal is stabilized by a very elaborate H-bonded 3D network. The molecule contains an inversion center. The average Co–OH 2 distance is 2.0710(8) Å and the sixth Co–O bond is 2.0356(7) Å. The reaction of MnCl 2 with benzenetetracarboxylate ions produced a similar dinuclear species, Mn(H 2O) 5(μ-C 6H 2(COO) 4)Mn(H 2O) 5·H 2O ( 2). The crystallographic results have shown that there are two independent molecules, which each contains an inversion center. This compound crystallized with only one molecule of water, and again the H-bonding system is very elaborate. The aqueous reaction of K 2Mn(C 6H 2(COO) 4)·3H 2O with CoSO 4 produced a compound containing two dinuclear species {Mn(H 2O) 5(μ-C 6H 2(COO) 4)Mn(H 2O) 5}{Co(H 2O) 5(μ-C 6H 2(COO) 4)Co(H 2O) 5}·2H 2O, which was characterized by X-ray diffraction methods. The results have shown that the latter compound is isomorphous with the Mn(II) compound. One of the Mn(II) dimer in 2 has been replaced by a Co(II) dimer.

Synthesis of Strontium and Barium Bis{tris[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]zincates} via the Transmetalation of Bis[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]zinc

The transmetalation of bis[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]zinc in THF with distilled strontium and barium yielded bis(tetrahydrofuran)strontium and tetrakis(tetrahydrofuran)barium bis{tris[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]zincates} (1 and 2, respectively). The reaction of barium with Zn(CH2SiMe3)2 in toluene gave bis(η6-toluene)barium bis{tris[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]zincate} (3) with rather short Ba−C bond lengths of 3.028(5) and 3.055(5) Å. All of these trialkylzincate anions coordinate as bidentate ligands with M−C−Zn three-center two-electron bonds. When carried out in the nondonor solvent heptane, the transmetalation reaction yielded barium bis{tris[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]zincate} (4), which reacts with THF to give the complex 2 and a small amount of [(THF)3Ba]2(μ4-O)2[(Me3SiCH2ZnCH2)2SiMe2]2 (5). The central moiety is a centrosymmetric Ba2O2 cycle with Ba−O distances of 2.514(2) and 2.570(3) Å. The oxygen dianion is surrounded, distorted tetrahedrally by two barium and two zinc atoms.

Metallo-organic Chemical Vapor Deposition Application of Metallo-organic Calix[4]arene-base Barium Precursor

There is considerable interest in the deposition of ®lms containing barium because of their technologically important properties. These materials include perovskite phase ferroelectric ceramics such as the BaO±TiO2 family [1] and Ba1yxSrx TiO3 [2], ceramic superconductors such as YBa2Cu3O7yx (YBCO) [3] and Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O7yx [4], magnetic materials such as BaFe12O19 [5] and display materials such as Ce-doped BaS [6]. Films of these materials have been deposited by a variety of vaporphase chemical and physical methods. The potential bene®ts of metallo-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) over other ®lm deposition techniques such as laser ablation, sputtering, molecular beam epitaxy, etc. are that MOCVD-derived ®lms can be deposited under conditions that provide conformation coverage and can be deposited at low temperatures. Moreover, there can be a high level of compositional control with the technique scaled to coat large areas uniformly. There is also the possibility of area-selected deposition [7]. Because the MOCVD method is based on the chemical nature of this process, it critically depends on the chemistry of starting metallo-organic materials known as precursors. Taking into account the low stability and sometimes the volatility of some traditional starting materials [8], the adequate choice of appropriate metallo-organic precursors is one of the main problems to be solved in order to reach reproducible results. This is exacerbated in the case of the deposition of Group 2 metal-containing ®lms because it is particularly dif®cult to prepare molecular compounds of the heavier elements as precursors with all the appropriate characteristics. The availability of suitable precursors for the transport and deposition of Group 2 elements is the major dif®cultly in the MOCVD technique [9]. The origin of this problem lies in the tendency of the Group 2 elements to form oligomeric species as a result of their high coordination number (barium, for example, prefers a coordination number of 8±12 [10]), and a resulting small charge-to-size ratio, which is not conducive to formation of high-vaporpressure species. It was also shown that in the Group 2 element range, the conventional â-dekitonate Ba precursor is the most problematic to handle [11] due to its higher crystal ionic radius than Ca and Sr. One of the alternative ways to overcome the wellknown unsuitability of the traditional â-dekitonate barium precusor should be the design and synthesis of new metallo-organic materials with improved structural stability through the use of more suitable organic ligands. Calixarene ligand seems to exhibit an appropriate spatial structure for forming stable metallo-organic compounds with barium [12]. The syntheses and ®rst application of this Ba±calixarene precursor (see Fig. 1) for the BTO thin ®lms by dipcoating technique have been reported [13]. In this letter, we study the Ba-metallo-organic compound based on a calixarene ligand as a potential MOCVD barium precursor. The transport properties of the barium calixarene precursor was studied and compared with a traditional barium â-dekitonate sample. The barium calixarene precursor was primarily used for YBCO thin-®lm deposition. Ba±calix[4]arene has an extended chemical formula of barium salt of the p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene or schematically Ba(C[4]A) (shown in Fig. 1, Ba (C[4]A)) was obtained through the reaction of barium with p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene solution in dry tetrahydrofurane (THF) by re ux for 90 h [13]. Barium â-dekitonate precursor used for comparison of transport properties was prepared by re ux of barium metal in THF with â-dekitonate ligand under anhydrous conditions [14] following recrystallization from methanol. The barium precursor was kept in a glass container (not tightly enclosed) and stored in a drawer exposed to air for different periods of time prior to re-measuring its structural and transport properties. We labeled this material ` aged barium precursor.'' We used Ba(C[4]A) and regular Yand

Reverse Micelle Based Formation of BaCO3 Nanowires

A reverse micelle based approach is reported for the synthesis of BaCO3 nanowires with lengths up to 100 μm and diameters as small as 10−30 nm, each of which is a continuous single crystal with the c-axis along the wire length axis. The synthesis is achieved by the reaction of barium and carbonate ions solubilized in the polar cores of nonionic reverse micelles of C12E4 (tetraethylene glycol monododecyl ether) in cyclohexane. The crystal growth of BaCO3 nanowires has been examined by electron microscopy observations, and a directional aggregation process is proposed for the nanowire formation.

Synthesis and characterization of nonaisopropoxodistannato complexes of magnesium(II), barium(II), zinc(II) and cadmium(II)

Novel heterobimetallic isopropoxides of the types [ MSn 2Cl(OPr i) 9] 2( A ) and [ MSn 4( OPr i) 18]( B ) (M  Mg, Zn or Cd) have been synthesized by the reactions of MCl 2 (M  Mg, Zn or Cd) with KSn 2(OPr i ) 9 in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios respectively. Derivatives [ MSn 2(OPr i) 10] 2( C) (M  Cd) and [ MAlSn 2(OPr i) 13]( D) , where M  Zn, Cd or Mg have also been prepared by the equimolar reactions of A with KOPr i or KAl(OPr i ) 4 respectively. Further, the derivatives, [BaSn 2(OPr i ) 10] 2 and [BaSn 4(OPr i ) 18] have been obtained by the reactions of barium with isopropyl alcohol in the presence of required molar ratios of Sn(OPr i ) 4 · Pr i OH.

Orbital alignment dependence and angular distributions of ions from the reaction of barium (1S,1P) with chlorine

We report crossed molecular beam studies of positive ions produced in the reaction of ground-state and electronically excited barium atoms with Cl 2 at collision energies of 0.75 and 3.0 eV. At 0.75 eV, angular distributions for BaCl + from the exothermic chemi-ion channel were largely backscattered relative to the barium beam. For Ba( 1 P), the cross section for BaCl + formation was much lower at both collision energies studied. At 3.0 eV the product Ba + was observed, and the yield increased 20-fold on electronic excitation. In addition, the Ba + intensity was further enhanced 2-fold when the barium p orbital was aligned along the relative velocity vector over that seen with the p orbital perpendicular to the relative velocity vector

Crossed beams chemistry. Reactions of barium, strontium, and calcium

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTCrossed beams chemistry. Reactions of barium, strontium, and calciumRonald R. Herm, Shen-Maw Lin, and Charles A. MimsCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1973, 77, 25, 2931–2937Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/j100643a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (855 KB) Get e-Alerts

Crossed-beams reactions of barium, strontium, and calcium with some halides of methane

Crossed-beams reactions of barium, strontium, and calcium with some halides of methane

Spectroscopic Study of Emission from Reactions of Barium in Flowing Afterglows

Spectroscopic Study of Emission from Reactions of Barium in Flowing Afterglows