Reactive Fluid Flow Research Articles

Numerical study of unsteady reactive third-grade fluid flow in a microchannel through a porous medium subject to exothermic reaction

Numerical study of unsteady reactive third-grade fluid flow in a microchannel through a porous medium subject to exothermic reaction

Effect of chemical absorption on Jeffery Fluid Flow in saturated Porous Media with variable thermal conductivity

This study investigates the impact of species absorption of Jeffery fluid flow through a saturated permeable medium with variable thermal conductivity. The dimensional partial nonlinear derivative model controlling the chemical reacting fluid flow is transformed to invariant form. The resulting flow equations are computed numerically using an approximated finite implicit Crack-Nicolson. A chemical absorption of fluid reactant occurs in a boundless vertical device. Computations are performed for different parameters to examine their sensitivity under isothermal temperature conditions. The computed results are offered graphically for qualitative and quantitative insights into the flow behaviour. The obtained outcomes revealed that the fluid flow rate rises with an increasing values of the parameters and, and it damps with upsurge in the values of the parameters, and. The heat transfer field is reduced with enhancing values of the thermal source, viscous dissipation and time, but declines for a boosted value of the terms suction and Prandtl number. Also, the mass transfer field is higher when mass absorption and time are increased, and diminish with an elevate in the values of Schmidt number and chemical reactions.

Chemically reactive non-Newtonian fluid flow through a vertical microchannel with activation energy impacts: A numerical investigation

This work examines the second law analysis of an electrically conducting reactive third-grade fluid flow embedded with the porous medium in a microchannel with the influence of variable thermal conductivity, activation energy, viscous dissipation, joule heating, and radiative heat flux. A suitable non-dimensional variable is included into the governing equations to transform them into an ensemble of equations that are devoid of dimensions. The acquired equations are then tackled using the Runge Kutta Felhberg 4th and 5th order (RKF-45) approach in conjunction with the shooting methodology. Through comparison with the current results, the numerical results are verified, which provides a good agreement. From the present outcomes, it is established that the entropy generation is supreme for the viscous heating constraint, variable thermal conductivity, Frank Kameneski, heat source ratio parameter and third-grade fluid material constraint. The Bejan number boosts up with larger values of activation energy, and Frank Kameneski constraint and the decreasing nature is noticed for increasing third-grade material parameter, viscous heating parameter. With magnetism, the fluid’s velocity slows down because of a resistive force. A similar impact in the channel on velocity is noticed for larger third-grade fluid, activation energy parameter, and Frank-Kameniski parameters and increasing behavior is noticed for variable thermal conductivity, and permeability parameter. Further, it is cleared that the variable thermal conductivity assumption in the channel plate leads to a significant under prediction of the irreversibility rate.

Numerical investigation of reaction driven magneto-convective flow of Sisko fluid

In many geothermal engineering applications involving exothermic chemical reactions, gravity, and buoyancy forces significantly enhance yields, especially during the thermal and catalytic cracking involving high temperature and concentration differences of some heavy hydrocarbons. This investigation deals with the numerical examination of nonlinear double convective flow, heat, and mass transfer of reactive Sisko fluid based on chemical kinetics theory for fluid flowing through a nondeformable porous medium. The governing equations are formulated and made dimensionless, and numerical results are obtained by applying the Spectral Chebyshev Collocation Method and validated with the Shooting-RK4 method. The effects of several parameters on the flow, heat, mass transfer, and thermal stability of the combustible fluid are documented in graphical and tabular forms, with detailed explanations. The computation reveals that buoyancy forces and Frank–Kamenetskii parameters encourage a velocity and temperature distribution rise. This analysis gives an insight into friction reduction in many heat and mass transfer thermophysical systems such as automobiles, power generations, and lots more.

Environmental cell for USANS/SANS studies with aggressive fluids at high pressures and temperatures

The new (Ultra) Small Angle Neutron (USANS/SANS) cell provides in-situ monitoring capability of the evolving microstructure and physical properties of a wide range of natural and artificial materials. This modular, portable compact environmental cell is designed for thermal, mechanical and chemical loading measurements compatible with all neutron and X-ray-based research facilities worldwide that is fine-tuned to a specific beamline. A seamless integration of time-lapse structural information, on scales ranging from the sub-nano to the micrometre has been demonstrated in a series of USANS/SANS experiments performed on rock samples subjected to hydrostatic and uniaxial load, reactive fluid flow and elevated temperatures. The modular design of the cell allows optimisation for specific applications, ranging from cryogenic to temperatures over 500 °C, with plans for further extensions of this range in the future. Uniaxial mechanical stress up to 1000 bar, and sample surrounding fluid/gas pressure of up to 1000 bar in the constant pressure or constant flow rate mode can be applied independently to the sample during data acquisition. Due to the modular design, components such as windows, seals and pistons can be interchanged optimising the cell for use with chemically aggressive (including ultra-supercritical) fluids. This development supports research initiatives in geology, energy and minerals, resource engineering, civil engineering, material sciences, biotechnology, and medical sciences. The cell is also extendable for use in neutron diffraction and tomographic experiments.

Heat and Mass Transfer in Unsteady Radiating MHD Flow of a Maxwell Fluid with a Porous Vertically Stretching Sheet in the Presence of Activation Energy and Thermal Diffusion Effects

The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of activation energy and thermal diffusion an unsteady MHD reactive Maxwell fluid flow past a porous stretching sheet in the presence of Brownian motion, Thermophoresis and nonlinear thermal. The non-linear partial differential equations that govern the fluid flow have been transformed into a two-point boundary value problem using similarity variables and then solved numerically by fourth order Runge–Kutta method with shooting technique. Graphical results are discussed for non-dimensional velocity, temperature and concentration profiles while numerical values of the skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are presented in tabular form for various values of parameters controlling the flow system. The present study is compared with the previous literature and found to be in good agreement.

Dufour and Soret diffusions phenomena for the chemically reactive MHD viscous fluid flow across a stretching sheet with variable properties

The flow of fluid on a slandering stretchable sheet with variable thickness can have several engineering applications like design and optimization of, aerodynamic structures such as wings and airfoils, wind turbine blade design, efficient cooling systems for electronic devices, power plants and industrial processes. Keeping in view these important applications, this work explores Darcy-Forchheimer flow of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) fluid across a slandering stretchable sheet with variable thickness in the presence of chemically reactive effects, and heat source. The flow is impacted by the combined influences of diffusive-thermo and thermo-diffusive phenomena. The fluid is set into motion along x-axis due to the stretching behavior of the sheet with y-axis as normal to it. Similarity transformations are employed to convert the modeled equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. It has observed as outcomes of this study that velocity distribution has augmented with expansion in viscosity factor and has declined with growth in permeability factor, inertia factor, and magnetic factor for both scenarios h1=0.0 and h1=0.5 where the impacts are more significant for the scenario h1=0.0. Thermal distribution has declined with augmentation in Prandtl number, permeability factor and Dufour number while has upsurge with escalation in thermal source factor for both scenarios h2=0.0 and h2=0.5. Concentration distribution has diminished with escalation in Schmidt number, chemical reactivity factor and has augmented with growth in Soret factor for both the scenarios h3=0.0 and h3=0.5 with more significant impacts in the scenario h3=0.0. Stream lines and contour lines for fluid flow have also sketched for the scenarios h1=0.0 and h1=0.5 as well as for M=0.0 and M=2.0. Validation of the proposed model and the methodology has ensured through comparison with fine agreement amongst current results and previously published work.

Transient magnetohydrodynamic heat and mass transfer analysis of chemically reacting fluid flow over oscillatory permeable media

This study focuses on the numerical observation of the convective motion of chemically active magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluid through a vertically oriented permeable medium, incorporating variations in mass and heat transfer. The fluid type is assumed to be incompressible, chemically strongly ionized and viscous with some mass infusibility. The model associated with this problem is solved by a highly stable Implicit Finite Difference Method (IFDM). The method is used for small and large deflection of the physical parameters, which results in a noticeable fluid flow behavior. Numerical configuration is graphically depicted to scrutinize the fluid behavior. The momentum, energy, concentration diffusion, skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are investigated for numerous factors such as magnetic field, permeability and chemical reaction rate. The current study unveils significant findings, demonstrating that a heightened rate of chemical reaction in the presence of magnetic effects, coupled with specific porosity, diminishes ionization energy, resulting in a concurrent decrease in the concentration and momentum profiles of the fluid flow. The rise in the viscous diffusion rate is attributed to escalating values of the Schmidt number, causing an augmentation in dynamic viscosity and consequently resulting in an overall reduction in the momentum of the fluid flow.

REACTIVE FLOW IN CARBONATE ROCKS FROM LACUSTRINE ENVIRONMENTS: THE EFFECTS OF PRESSURE AND FLUID SALINITY

The high production of CO2 from Brazilian pre-salt reservoirs requires research on CO2 interactions with carbonate reservoirs for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) or CO2 trapping. This interaction causes reactive phenomena that are not fully understood. Experimental tests on carbonate facies are crucial for understanding reactions and their impact on reservoir characteristics. This study investigates experimentally reactions generated by reactive fluid flow in carbonate rocks from two geological scenarios by analyzing chemical and morphological parameters before and after the tests. Salinity was the most significant parameter for reactive flow, impacting porosity for modern continental carbonate samples from Patagonia. However, the sample from the Brazilian pre-salt showed higher mineral stability and less mineral dissolution. Results provide data for simulating reactive transport in these rocks for CCS and understanding diagenetic processes' impact on reservoir quality.

Developing a phenomenological model to simulate single and mixed scale formation during flow in porous media: Coupling a salt precipitation model with an ion transport equation under dynamic conditions

Water flooding and pressure maintenance are recommended to improve oil recovery practices after low recovery of petroleum reservoirs occurs during primary production. Salt crystal formation is a frequent occurrence when using these techniques. Several experimental, numerical, and theoretical studies have been done on the mechanisms underlying scaling and permeability reduction in porous media; however, there has not been a satisfactory model developed. This study developed a phenomenological model to predict formation damage caused by salt deposition. Compared with existing models, which provide a scaling tendency, the proposed model predicts the profile of scale deposition. The salt precipitation model simulates reactive fluid flow through porous media. A thermodynamic, kinetic, and flow hydrodynamic model was developed and coupled with the ion transport equation to describe the movement of ions. Further, a set of carefully designed dynamic experiments were conducted and the data were compared with the model predictions. Model forecasts and experimental data were observed to have an average absolute error (AAE) ranging from 0.68% to 5.94%, which indicates the model's suitability.

Numerical study of transient chemical reactive magnetized Casson fluid flow in the presence of Newtonian heating

ABSTRACT The numerical results of transient magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Casson fluid flow under Soret-Dufour aspects are illustrated in this research. The governing dimensional equations of considered Casson fluids are first converted into dimensionless partial differential equations (PDEs) by utilizing the proper similar variables. The obtained system is then computed through the finite element method (FEM). The impact of dimensionless parameters is visualized on fluid velocity, skin friction, temperature, Nusselt number, concentration, and Sherwood number through the curves and tables. Both the temperature and velocity are risen against the higher Dufour number. It has been observed that the velocity profiles step up with the increment in various parameters. Comparisons are made with the available results in the open literature. These results are in good agreement with the previously published reports.

Phase‐Field Simulations of Epitaxial Crystal Growth in Open Fractures With Reactive Lateral Flow

AbstractFluid flow in fracture porosity in the Earth's crust is in general accompanied by crystallization or dissolution depending on the state of saturation. The evolution of the microstructure in turn affects the transport and mechanical properties of the rock, but the understanding of this coupled system is incomplete. Here, we aim to simulate spatio‐temporal observations of laboratory experiments at the grain scale (using potash alumn), where crystals grow in a fracture during reactive flow, and show a varying growth rate along the fracture due to saturation differences. We use a multiphase‐field modeling approach, where reactive fluid flow and crystal growth is computed and couple the chemical driving force for grain growth to the local saturation state of the fluid. The supersaturation of the fluid is characterized by a concentration field which is advected by fluid flow and in turn affects the crystal growth with anisotropic growth kinetics. The simulations exhibit good agreement with the experimental results, providing the basis for upscaling our results to larger scale computations of combined multi‐physical processes in fractured porous media for applications as groundwater protection, geothermal, and hydrocarbon reservoir prediction, water recovery, or storing H2 or CO2 in the subsurface.

Chemically reactive MHD fluid flow along with thermophoresis and Brownian effects

In the current manuscript, the aim of the study is to analyze the Eyring-Powell nanofluid flow under the influence of chemical reaction and radiation effects in a slender cylinder in the presence of a non-linear heat source/sink. The flow of Eyring-Powell nanofluid through a slender cylinder along with chemical reaction and MHD effect is not studied yet. Which is the novelty of current research work. Flow analysis is taken near the stagnation point. MHD effect is considered for controlling turbulence. Rosseland model is applied for the estimation of heat flux. The governing system of PDE’S is converted into highly nonlinear ODE’S by utilizing suitable similarity transformations along with the boundary conditions. The resulting coupled systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODE), accompanied by boundary conditions, are solved using the powerful bvp4c method in MATLAB software. The physical significance of evolved parameters is investigated by graphs and tables. Nusselt number and skin friction are analyzed for several parameters. It is observed that the increase in the MHD effect rises the velocity but lessens the temperature profile and the concentration of the fluid declines when the chemical reaction parameter is incremented. The specific application of the study is that the Eyring-Powell is used in a variety of industrial applications, including lubrication, plastics processing, and oil drilling.

Joint Effects of Heat Source and Magnetic Field on Unsteady Chemically Reacting Fluid Flow Towards A Vertically Inclined Plate in Addition of Cu-Nanoparticles

The primary goal of this evaluation task is to research the mathematical analysis for unstable, free convective incompressible viscous heat also mass transfer fluid movement across an inclined a plate that is vertically positioned in the occurrence of copper nanoparticles, Magnetism, thermal generator & chemical reaction in porous media. For this investigation, we assumed the effects of Cu-nanoparticles and Angle of inclination effects in the governing equations. Additionally, the effects of fluctuating temperature & concentration are studied. We established a set of basic equations for this fluid flow and translated nonlinear partial difference equations into linear incomplete comparisons, which were then answered using the implicit limited alteration technique. The impacts of several engineering fluid variables on flow variables such as velocity, temperature, & concentration profiles were explored in this research study via the use of graphs to show the findings. Along with the other findings, the mathematical standards of skin friction, heat transmission rate, & mass transmission constants are calculated and reported in tabular form. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, the mathematical consequences of the code validation programme are related to previously publish analytical results. In the instance of pure and nanofluids, the velocity profiles are shown to increase with rising values of the Heat transfer using the Grashof number, the mass movement Grashof number, the parameter for permeability, and the passage of time Increases in magnetic field component, the Schmidt number and the Prandtl number, the parameter for the heat source, the component of the chemical reaction, and the degree of inclination all result in a drop in the velocity profiles. With respect to temperature profiles, they have been on the rise with passing time, in contrast to the Prandtl number and the heat source parameter, for which the opposite trend has been seen. We discovered that the temperature and velocity profiles are both steeper for nanofluids than for pure fluids when the parameters are increased. The concentration profiles rise with increasing times, but the opposite is true for the Schmidt number. Moreover, increasing Chemical reaction parameter values result in decreasing profiles of concentrations.

Impacts of Exponentially Growing/Decaying Pressure Gradient on Mixed Convection Flow of Viscous Reactive Fluid in a Vertical Tube: A Numerical Approach

This study examined the effects of a pressure gradient that was exponentially increasing or decreasing on the mixed convection flow of viscous reactive fluids in a vertical tube between two concentric tubes with r = 0 and r = b. The nonlinear partial differential equation governing the flow formation are solved using the implicit finite difference form where all time differentials were calculated using the forward difference formula, and second order central differences were utilized to approximate the first and second derivatives. The impacts of several physical parameters, including shear stress, the rate of heat transfer, mixed convection, viscous reactive fluid parameter, activation energy, Prandtl number, and exponential decaying/growing pressure gradient on skin friction and Nusselt number were investigated. It's intriguing to see that raising the values of Frank–Kamenetskii (λ), mixed convection (Gre) as well as exponential growing pressure term increases the velocity fluid, However, in the case of exponential decay, the parameter drop also causes the fluid's velocity to diminish. The results also showed that a small bump in the viscous reactive fluid parameter considerably improves the energy profile.

Investigation of coupled hydro-mechanical modelling of hydraulic fracture propagation and interaction with natural fractures

Various fracture patterns may develop through hydraulic fracture propagation and interaction with natural fractures which may substantially enhance connectivity and connected fracture surface area in low-permeability formations. Key factors controlling this behavior are analyzed using the continuum simulator TOUGHREACT-FLAC3D that couples the evolution of stress and deformation (FLAC3D) with reactive fluid flow (TOUGHREACT) in fractured rock. The three potential interaction scenarios are accommodated - for the hydraulic fracture to directly cross, stay arrested by, or reinitiate from the intersected natural fracture. The results show that the combined effects of approach-angle and differential stress affect the normal closure response acting on fractures. Also, larger approach-angles, greater stress differences, and higher fracture shear strength favor direct crossing, with tensile stresses more readily transferred to the far-side of the approached natural fracture. Higher injection rates accelerate buildup of wellbore and fracture pressures which lead to more rapid propagation of the hydraulic fracture. Higher injection rates also increase the wellbore pressure and pressure gradient when injection rate exceeds leak-off rate of fractures arrested by the natural fracture. The presence of only single natural fractures results in faster hydraulic fracture propagation and greater propagation length driven by higher developed wellbore pressures than where dual natural fractures are present. The presence of dual parallel natural fractures hinders the propagation of the hydraulic fracture along its preferred original path as a result of greater and redistributed leak-off and diminution of pressure through the natural fractures. Increased natural fracture permeability slows hydraulic fracture propagation by increasing fluid flow and resulting pressure dissipation by the natural fractures. Combined, these factors influence mechanisms of fracture propagation and interaction, and evolution of flow paths, which are essential in design of hydraulic fracturing treatments, hydro-mechanical characterization and prediction of the response of stimulated fracture networks.

Titanite Petrochronology Records Secular Temperature and Fluid Evolution During Ductile Deformation: An Example From Late Cretaceous Shear Zones in the Eastern Transverse Ranges

AbstractQuantifying the timing and conditions of ductile deformation is essential for quantitative models of lithospheric deformation. Yet, directly constraining these variables and documenting how they change during a single deformation event remain difficult. We present titanite microstructural, zoning, trace‐element, and U‐Pb data from <m‐scale mylonitic shear zones in the Eastern Transverse Ranges, CA (Joshua Tree National Park) that record (a) the timing and conditions of ductile deformation and (b) the evolution of deformation conditions within a single, punctuated ductile deformation event. Titanite grains in sheared plutonic rocks yield a bimodal distribution of dates (∼151 and ∼75 Ma) interpreted as the independently constrained pluton crystallization and shear zone deformation ages, respectively. Synkinematic titanite neocrystallization at ∼75 Ma documents early deformation at ∼640–710°C under hydrous fluid conditions. Recrystallized titanite rims with ∼75 Ma dates indistinguishable from the neocrystallized titanite record Zr‐in‐titanite temperatures of 600–610°C and higher F contents, suggesting that the fluid became a more halogen‐rich brine as deformation progressed and the system cooled. Chemical zoning related to fluid‐driven recrystallization occurs in tandem with lattice misorientations and partially to fully reset U‐Pb dates in bent titanite, implying that reactive fluid flow is the ultimate mechanism by which dates are reset in titanite deformed by dislocation creep. These data document a punctuated (e.g., ∼1–3 Myr) phase of high‐temperature deformation that accompanied local pluton emplacement and demonstrate that titanite petrochronology can capture multiple, discrete reactions associated with crustal weakening and variables that affect the rheological evolution of ductile shear zones.

Entropy generation in chemically reactive and radiative Reiner-Rivlin fluid flow by stretching cylinder

Magnetohydrodynamic entropy optimized flow of Reiner-Rivlin liquid by stretched cylinder is addressed. Thermal relation comprises viscous dissipation, heat generation, Ohmic heating and radiation. Chemically reactive flow of binary reaction is accounted. Entropy generation is explored. Non-linear differential systems are numerically solved by Newton built in-shooting technique. Velocity, thermal field, concentration and entropy generation have been explored. Outcomes of coefficient of skin friction, gradient of temperature and mass transport rate are organized. It is noticed that fluid flow for magnetic field and curvature parameter intensifies. Drag force through magnetic field escalates while opposite trend holds for fluid variable. Thermal field against Prandtl number is decreased while opposite behavior holds for magnetic field and radiation. Temperature gradient versus radiation is decreased. Concentration decays versus Schmidt number. Decaying behavior of concentration holds for reaction variable. Solutal transport rate against reaction variable intensifies.

On the Role of Gravity in Dissolving Horizontal Fractures

AbstractFractures are ubiquitous in geological systems. As reactive fluid flow through a fracture, dissolution of the fracture walls may occur, thus altering the fracture aperture and increasing permeability. It has been recognized that gravity plays an important role in dissolving vertical fractures due to buoyancy‐driven convection. However, the role of gravity in dissolving horizontal fractures is not well understood. Here, we combine microfluidics/Hele‐Shaw experiments and a numerical method to study how the interplay of buoyancy‐driven convection and forced convection controls dissolution dynamics and permeability increase in horizontal fractures. We first develop the micro‐continuum approach by incorporating the gravitational effects, and then, we perform experiments to validate our method, confirming that the method can well capture gravitational effects on dissolution. Through 3D simulations, we find that buoyancy‐driven convection breaks the symmetry of dissolution on the upper and lower surfaces. We employ a symmetry index to identify three dissolution regimes. As the importance of gravity increases (Ri increases), the dissolution regime shifts from forced convection to mixed convection and to natural (or buoyancy‐driven) convection. We establish a link between these dissolution regimes and permeability evolution. In the forced convection or natural convection regimes, the permeability nearly remains unchanged for various Ri. However, in the mixed convection regime, permeability increase is suppressed by the gravitational effects; the underlying mechanism is that the solid phase tends to dissolve near the fracture inlet due to gravitational instability. This work improves our understanding of the gravitational effects on dissolution regimes and permeability evolution in horizontal fractures.

Volumetric chemical reactive Casson fluid flow over a nonlinear extended surface

The thermophysical features of viscoelastic fluid flow caused by a nonlinear permeable stretchable surface are assessed in the present study. The computational model of Casson fluid is used to define viscoelasticity, which is quantified rheologically in the momentum equation. Exothermic chemical reactions, heat absorption/generation, magnetic field and nonlinear volumetric thermal/mass expansion over the stretched surface are also considered. The proposed model equations are lessened by the similarity transformation to the dimensionless system of ODEs. The obtained set of differential equations are numerically computed through a parametric continuation approach. The results are displayed and discussed via figures and tables. The outcomes of the proposed problem are compared to the existing literature and bvp4c package for validity and accuracy purposes. It has been perceived that the energy and mass transition rate of viscoelastic fluid increased with the flourishing trend of heat source parameter and chemical reaction, respectively. Casson fluid velocity can be elevated by the rising effect of thermal, mass Grashof number and nonlinear thermal convection.