Bashkortostan Research Articles

Решение «жилищного вопроса» партаппаратом БАССР периода «хрущевской оттепели»

The principles of solving the housing issue in the era of the “Khrushchev thaw” in the Bashkortostan ASSR among the privileged part of Soviet society ‒ regional party managers ‒ were examined in the article, based on archival sources deposited in the National Archives of the Republic of Bashkortostan, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The author concretized the specifics of “allocation of housing” to the party nomenclature in one of the largest national republics in the RSFSR, characterized by hidden interdepartmental clashes that took place between the organs of the republican party power and authorized state bodies at the local level. The article focuses on the trend that emerged in the late 1950s, which was expressed in the gradual rejection of housing and everyday asceticism by the post-Stalin party nomenclature in favor of the growing philistine-consumer individualism and consumerism, which were not officially recognized in the Soviet Union. The article examines the moral and ethical qualities of regional party managers, whose public rhetoric and self-presentation in the public space contrasted with their focus on obtaining material benefits depending on the level of their position.

Polymorphic Loci of Adaptively Significant Genes Selection for Determining Nucleotide Polymorphism of Pinus sylvestris L. Populations in the Urals

Background: Scots Pine is one of the main forest-forming species in boreal forests; it has great economic and ecological significance. This study aimed to develop and test primers for detecting nucleotide polymorphisms in genes that are promising for detecting adaptive genetic variability in populations of Pinus sylvestris in the Urals and adjacent territories. Objectives: The objects of the study were 13 populations of Scots Pine located in the Perm Territory, Chelyabinsk Region, and the Republic of Bashkortostan. Results: Sixteen pairs of primers to loci of potentially adaptively significant genes were developed, from which three pairs of primers were selected to detect the nucleotide diversity of the studied populations. The indicator of total haplotype diversity determined in the three studied loci varied from 0.620 (Pinus-12 locus) to 0.737 (Pinus-11 locus) and, on average, amounted to 0.662. The nucleotide diversity indicators in P. sylvestris in the study region were, on average, low (π = 0.004, θW = 0.013). Their highest values were found at the Pinus-12 locus (π = 0.005; θW = 0.032), and the lowest were found at the Pinus-15 locus (π = 0.003; θW = 0.002). This indicates that Pinus-15 is the most conserved of the three studied loci. In the three studied P. sylvestris loci associated with adaptation to environmental factors, 97 polymorphic positions were identified. The 13 populations of P. sylvestris are characterized by an average level of genetic diversity (Hd = 0.662; π = 0.004; θ = 0.013). Conclusions: The polymorphic loci of adaptively significant genes of P. sylvestris can help identify the adaptive potential of pine forests in conditions of increasing ambient temperatures.

Population Characteristics of the Spectrum and Frequencies of CFTR Gene Mutations in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis from the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russia).

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common autosomal-recessive disorders worldwide. The incidence of CF depends on the prevalence of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) mutations in the population, which is determined by genetic diversity and ethnicity. The search for the causes of mutations in the transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) was carried out using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) on the Illumina platform in patients with cystic fibrosis from the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russia), taking into account the ethnic structure of the sample. A total of 35 distinct causal variants were found in 139 cases from 129 families. Five (F508del, E92K, 3849+10kbC>T, CFTRdele2.3, L138ins) explain 78.7% of identified CF causal alleles. Variants N13103K and 394delTT were found in four families each. Variants 2143delT, S1196X, W1282X, Y84X, G194R, and 1525-1G>A, as well as the two previously described complex alleles-c. [S466X; R1070Q] and str.[G509D;E217G]-were found in two or three families each. Twenty additional variants occurred only once. Variant c.3883_3888dup has not been described previously. Thus, regional and ethnic features were identified in the spectrum of frequencies of pathogenic variants of the CFTR gene in the three major sub-groups of patients-Russians, Tatars, and Bashkirs. Taking into account these results, highlighting the genetic specificity of the region, a more efficient search for CFTR mutations in patients can be performed. In particular it is possible to choose certain test kits for quick and effective genetic screening before use of NGS sequencing.

The attitude of the Bashkortostan clergy to spiritual and educational activities

The article examines spiritual and educational activities as one of the conditions for solving the strategic task of protecting traditional spiritual and moral values. Ministers (staff, volunteers) of religious organizations are considered as potential specialists in the field of spiritual and moral education. The Bashkortostan clergy expressed their attitude towards a new type of non-religious activity by taking part in a specially designed survey. The study showed that the clergy of the Republic of Bashkortostan, considering themselves as the carriers of spiritual and religious knowledge, are able to share their experience with parishioners. They are also ready to develop in the younger generation the skills of a religious way of understanding the world. Moreover, they are able to instill the values of religious doctrine, have experience in conducting educational events and reveal high readiness to conduct educational activities. But at the same time they understand that they are able to partially satisfy educational needs and interests in the field of religious cultures. The identified high need of the clergy for mastering spiritual and educational competencies leads the researcher to the conclusion that it is necessary to include a special course in the training of Orthodox and Muslim higher educational institutions, and, moreover, to develop a master’s program in “Spiritual and Moral Education.”

Book review: Karimov T.T. Tatar land volosts. Volume 1. Bulyarsky volost (Kazan, 2023)

This review is devoted to the analysis of the new work of the historian Tagir Karimov “Tatar land volosts. Volume 1. Bulyarsky volost”. T.T. Karimov is engaged in research into the history of Tatar land volosts, the first monographic experience on this topic was the publication of a book devoted to a detailed analysis of the settlements that were part of the Bulyarsky volost. The author introduced into scientific circulation a huge number of archival sources from the National Archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. Information on the population of the settlements in question is especially valuable. At the same time, the researcher quite thoroughly studied the estate structure of the villages of Bulyarsky volost and other settlements, one way or another, associated with this land volost. The work of T.T. Karimov may be of interest to historians, demographers, genealogists, local historians and ethnographers. For citation: Aminov R.R. Book review: Karimov T.T. Tatar land volosts. Volume 1. Bulyarsky volost (Kazan, 2023). From History and Culture of Peoples of the Middle Volga Region. 2024, vol.14, no.3, pp.166–171. https://doi.org/10.22378/2410-0765.2024-14-3.166-171 (In Russian)

Management of scientific and technological regional development in the Volga Federal District: review of government programs

Relevance. In light of the growing interest in the scientific and technological development of regions, setting goals for scientific and technological advancement at the national level, the issue of developing programs for the development of science and education leading to the technological sovereignty of the country becomes relevant.The purpose is to analyze the ongoing programs for scientific and technological development of the regions of the Volga Federal District, as well as individual indicators characterizing the dynamics of the scientific and educational sector of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.Objectives: conduct an economic and statistical analysis of the main indicators characterizing the scientific and technological progress of the regions of the Volga Federal District; identify regions of the Volga Federal District in which state programs for scientific and technological development have been developed, and consider their features.Methodology. The study used methods of economic-statistical and comparative analysis.Results. A review of state programs for scientific and technological development shows that four pilot regions of the Volga Federal District (Nizhny Novgorod region, Republic of Tatarstan, Republic of Bashkortostan and Republic of Mordovia) have already developed corresponding programs, and two regions (Orenburg region and Perm Territory) are under development. The remaining regions either have state programs that indirectly indicate the development of scientific and technological potential, or they do not exist.Conclusions. Scientific and technological development programs represent an important document that defines strategic guidelines for the development of science, technology and higher education. Regions that have already developed state programs for scientific and technological development have a high scientific reserve and are located in the top positions in the National Rating of Scientific and Technological Development of Regions. Such regions show strong results in the scientific and educational sector, which contributes to improving the economic and social development of the region. A systematic analysis of these programs makes it possible to identify their impact on various aspects of social life, as well as determine the effectiveness of the measures taken and mechanisms for achieving the set goals. It is important to take into account the variety of approaches to the development and implementation of strategic programs, which should be aimed at the unique characteristics of the country’s regions, their bottlenecks and development prospects, taking into account an assessment of their potential.

State and prospects for the development of hemp cultivation in the Russian Federation

Abstract The article discusses the prerequisites for the revival of the hemp industry. The reasons for the reduction in hemp sown areas and the state of hemp production in different years are shown. The characteristics of this crop as a raw material for the processing industry are given. Numerous types of products obtained from hemp during processing are given. The prospects for the further development of hemp through the federal target program “Development of breeding and seed production of industrial crops in the Russian Federation” are considered. Data are presented on the sown areas on the territory of the Russian Federation from 2010 to 2023, on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan from 2021 to 2023.

Akberdino-3 – the Great Migration Period Manor in the Forest-Steppe Zone of Southern Pre-Urals

The present study is based on materials obtained during archaeological excavations at the Akberdino-3 site in 2009. The site is located on the right bank of the Belaya River in the forest-steppe zone of Southern Pre-Urals (modern Iglinsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan, 15 km southeast from the Ufa-city). It is shown that a single thin cultural layer of this small settlement site contains Imendyashevo, Turbasly ceramics, and ceramics with a mixture of both these traditions, and can be dated to the 4th century AD (most likely from the middle to the end of this period), but this manor existed for a very short time. The studied osteological sample was compared with data on 18 zooarchaeological samples from Southern Ural and bordering territories. Multivariate analysis of this dataset has shown that at the beginning of the 1st millennium AD there was a significant transformation in the composition of herd, held by local population.

Studies of the cultural layer of the cities of Ufa and Birsk (based on the example of the work of the archaeological expedition of the "Ancient Ufa" museum-reserve)

The article presents the results of an analysis of the latest data of recent years, obtained during archaeological research of the first fortified settlements on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan. In the course of the work the analysis reviewed materials from archaeological heritage sites located in the historical center of the modern cities of Ufa (“Hillfort Ufa-II” and “Cultural layer of Ufa dated the late 18th – early 20th century at 29 Sochinskaya street”) and Birsk (“Old Birsk, historical cultural layer and burial ground”). Despite the fact that archaeological sites are subject to a significant anthropogenic influence, the obtained corpus of sources complements the information about the formation of the Russian population and their local tangible culture in chronological terms between 16th and the early 20th century. Studied fragments of pottery revealed differences and features of pottery traditions in the ornamentation, shapes of dishes and additional processing. The materials obtained from the site of Ufa-II indicate local damage (redeposited layer) of the cultural layer and no stratified layers of the New Age. Despite a more significant anthropogenic impact Sochinskaya Street is found with a local patch of preserved cultural layer dated by the period in question. Thus, it will make the reconstruction of the main stages of development of the immediate surroundings of the Ufa Kremlin possible. Alongside it will allow analysis of the adjacent territory. The research on the territory of Birsk documents a good condition of the lower cultural layer of the 17th–18th centuries. The potential of archaeological research of the city lies not only in studying the local features of the tangible culture of the local population, but also in the opportunity to describe the period of the early Russian settlement in Bashkiria in the 16th–18th centuries.

ПРОЛОМНИК КУЧЕРОВА ANDROSACE KUCZEROVII KNJASEV (PRIMULACEAE) – ЭНДЕМИК ЮЖНОГО УРАЛА И ВОПРОСЫ ЕГО ОХРАНЫ

The authors dedicate this work to the memory of the famous researcher of the flora of the Southern Urals, Professor, Doctor of Biological Sciences Evgeniy Vasilyevich Kucherov, whose 100th birthday anniversary was celebrated on May 10, 2024. The species Androsace kuczerovii Knjasev (family Primulaceae) – endemic to the Southern Urals – was described in 1998 from the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB) by the famous botanist from Yekaterinburg M.S. Knyazev [Knyazev, 1998]. The species is included in the Red Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan, 3rd edition [2021] with regional protection status: 1) rarity status category: 1 – endangered species; 2) endangered status category: critically endangered (CR); 3) conservation status: I priority (immediate adoption of comprehensive measures is required, including the development and implementation of a strategy for the conservation of this species and (or) a program for their restoration (reintroduction) in the Southern Urals). In the Republic of Bashkortostan, three localities of the species are known on the eastern slope of the Southern Urals – in the Abzelilovsky (Ulugurtau ridge near the village of Makhmutovo, Mount Turpai near the village Ishkulovo) and Baymaksky (Irendyk ridge in the vicinity of the village of Kuseevo) regions. The features of ecology and biology, the size and condition of the population on the ridge Ulugurtau, limiting factors, and the measures taken and necessary to protect this species are considered.

СТРУКТУРЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ПАХОТНЫХ ЗЕМЕЛЬ В ЛЕСОСТЕПНОЙ ЗОНЕ БАШКИРСКОГО ЗАУРАЛЬЯ СО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ 20 ВЕКА

We analyzed modern use of arable lands of 1985 in forest-steppe zone of Post-Ural of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Climate is temperate continental. An average annual temperature is 1.6℃ and an average annual precipitation of 427.9 mm. The hottest month is July with an average temperature of 17.5 and the coldest month is January with an average temperature of -14.8℃. Modern agricultural lands usually are used as a hay (43%). Use can be caused with local cattle breeding as traditional horse breeding. Overgrowth captures by 25% of Pinus silvestris. Scot’s pine is growing better on dry lands because it captures more area of overgrowth.

RANKING OF BASHKORTOSTAN DEPOSITS BY TYPES OF COMPLICATIONS FOR ASSESSING ECONOMIC COSTS

This article presents a review of the results of the analysis to identify the main types of complications characteristic of the deposits of the Republic of Bashkortostan. From field information and accumulated drilling experience, it has been established that among the main types of complications in the process of well construction in this area, the absorption of drilling fluid and grouting mixture of various intensities, starting from background values and ending with complete care, is the most significant and problematic from the point of view of its elimination. Taking into account the territorial features of the location of the deposits of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the main causes of the occurrence of acquisitions, divided into geological and technological components, have been identified. A percentage comparison of cases of absorption compared to other types of complications is given, confirming that the problem of prevention and elimination of absorption is very significant and relevant in modern drilling, both in general and with regard to the fields of Bashkortostan, in particular, requiring significant time and material costs to solve. The purpose of the article, which the authors strive to achieve, is to reduce and optimize the financial and time costs allocated to combat the absorption of drilling and grouting fluids. The authors have made an attempt to combine the deposits of Bashkortostan, located on large tectonic structures of the region, according to the similarity of the complications that arise, in order to simplify the assessment of the corresponding economic costs. Using the results of the analysis of lithological and stratigraphic sections of deposits and indicator dependencies obtained for the identified absorbing horizons, general similarity criteria were determined, according to which each of the considered deposits was assigned its own rank, and deposits with the same rank were grouped. The work carried out on the ranking of deposits will be useful to drilling specialists, who, using this information, can more accurately and efficiently develop and select appropriate sets of measures to prevent and eliminate the absorption of drilling mud. This article will also be of interest to specialists in the preparation of design estimates when evaluating the economic component.

Employment and development levels in rural areas of the Russian Federation

The development of agro-industrial complex is important for ensuring national food security and national health. The development of rural areas is subject to the development of agriculture and local infrastructure, as well as the availability of various services. This study selected 15 indicators in 2021 to analyze the employment and development levels in rural areas of 71 regions of the Russian Federation using the analytical grouping method. The results indicated that 20 regions (Group 1) had the highest percentage of rural population (33.10%). The percentage of population engaged in agriculture had the highest value (12.40%) in 31 regions (Group 2). Moreover, 20 regions (Group 3) had the highest investments in fixed assets at the expense of municipal budget (11.80 USD/person). Increasing the investments in fixed assets carried out from the budget of the municipality can improve the employment level in rural areas. Then, we used cluster analysis to divide 14 regions of the Volga Federal District in the Russian Federation into 3 clusters. Cluster 1 covered Kirov Region and Republic of Mari El; Cluster 2 included Ulyanovsk Region, Saratov Region, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Perm Territory, Orenburg Region, Chuvash Region, and Republic of Mordovia; and Cluster 3 contained Republic of Tatarstan, Samara Region, Udmurtian Republic, Penza Region, and Republic of Bashkortostan. Results indicated that the 2 regions of Cluster 1 need to increase the availability of resources and natural gas and improve the investment attractiveness of rural areas. The 7 regions of Cluster 2 needed to develop infrastructure, public services, and agricultural production. We found the highest employment level in rural areas, the largest investments in fixed assets at the expense of municipal budget, the largest residential building area per 10,000 persons, and the largest individual residential building area in the 5 regions of Cluster 3. This study makes it possible to draw up a comprehensive regional development program and proves the need for the development of rural areas, which is especially important for the sustainable development of the Russian Federation.

DYULA MESA ROSH AND HIS BASHKIR COLLECTION AT THE HUNGARIAN ETHNOGRAPHIC MUSEUM

In 1909, the Hungarian scientist Gyula Meszaros visited the Bashkirs and collected a unique ethnographic collection. His research took place on the actual territory of the districts Baymak, Abzelilovsky of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Kurgan region, and the Perm region. The trip, which was initially organized to collect information confirming the Bashkir-Hungarian kinship, did not achieve its goal, since Meszaros, after three months of work, came to the conclusion that there were no ethnic ties between the two nations. However, his collection which is now kept in the Ethnographic Museum of Budapest is one of the most valuable sources in the study of the ethnography of the Bashkirs. It consists of household items, household facilities, clothing of the Bashkirs, as well as unique photographs illustrating the life of the Bashkir nomads of the early 20th century.

FEATURES AND PROSPECTS OF STUDYING ARABOGRAPHIC PEDIGREES OF THE MANUSCRIPT FUND OF THE IIYAL UFIC RAS

Arabographic lists of the Bashkir shezheres are important primary sources of information in the study of the history, language and literature of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The publication of transliterated texts of genealogies with translations into Russian raise interest in scientific community. Archeographic and textual research of the Bashkir pedigrees was started in the middle of the XIX century by such Bashkir enlighteners as G. Sokryi G., M. Umetbaev, R. Fakhretdinov, G. Kiikov, etc. At the beginning of the XX century, the research was continued by S. Mirasov, who published three Bashkir shezheres belonging to the kypsak, jurmati, tabyn ancestries. The purpose of the article is to show the history of the study of arabographic Bashkir shezheres of the Manuscript Fund of the IHLL UFRC RAS, to note the contribution of R.G. Kuzeev, G.B. Khusainov, R.M. Bulgakov, M.KH. Nadergulov and other scientists to the study and popularization of the Bashkir shezheres. The article highlights the results of the study of pedigrees, identifies priority areas of current and future research. The relevance and significance of the problem is due to the need to systematize very disparate ideas about the arabographic Bashkir shezhers of the IHLL Manuscript Fund of the UFRC RAS. The study of genealogical records was carried out on the basis of descriptive, narrative and analytical methods, the issues of transliteration of Arabic texts of Bashkir shezheres were raised.

SCULPTURAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTIONS BASED ON THE SKULLS BURIED IN THE MAUSOLEUM OF HUSSEIN BEY: 20 YEARS LATER

In May 2016, the remains of Hussein bey which had been stored in the craniological fund of the Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1985 were moved to the religious community of Bashkortostan Republic “umma”. The reburial took place on the 17th of June 2016, as part of the republican muslim meeting. According to the memorial inscription carved on the tombstone, the mausoleum above the burial place of Haji Hussein bey and his companions was probably erected after their death in 1339. Based upon the skull of Hussein bey and two adults (a woman and a man) buried in the same mausoleum the author performed sculptural anthropological reconstructions in 2010 using the method of M.M. Gerasimov adopted in Russian anthropological science. In 2019-2020, new versions of the appearance of the skulls buried in the mausoleum were made using plastic copies for the joint monograph by G.N. Garustovich and A.I. Nechvaloda “Medieval Stone Mausoleums of Bashkortostan” published in 2020. The reconstructions were stored in sculptural plasticine for a long time until a unique opportunity presented itself using modern methods of digitizing 3-dimensional objects and printing to convert them into durable material.

SITES OF THE GAMAYUN CULTURE OF THE MOUNTAIN STEPPES OF THE SOUTHERN TRANS-URALS (SITES TELYASHEVO-4 AND ELIMBETOVO-7)

The regional peculiarities of archaeological research in the second half of the 20th century led to the fact that the boundaries of the Gamayun culture of the forest and mountain-forest Trans-Urals (X-IV centuries BC) allocated at that time did not extend to the territory of the Southern Urals within modern Bashkortostan. New studies in the mountain-forest (upper course of the Belaya River) and mountain-steppe (eastern foothills of the Irendyk-Krykty mountain range) zones show that both sites of the Gamayun and related Iset cultures of the Early Iron Age are present in these territories. The materials of the Telyashevo-4 and Elimbetovo-7 sites, identified and studied in 2020-2022 in the Bashkir Trans-Urals (modern Abzelilovsky district of the Republic Bashkortostan) show the presence in the mountain-steppe zone not only heterogeneous Isetian, but also pure Gamayun ceramic complexes with traditional cross-stamped ornamentation. According to available data, the time of penetration from the north into the mountainous steppes of the Trans-Urals and the existence of the Gamayun population in this territory may be limited to the end of the first half - the middle of the I millennium BC. The published materials also make it possible to draw the southern border of the Gamayun area in the Trans-Urals at the latitude of Magnitogorsk, i.e. 200 km south of the previously established border.

Сетевая инновационная кластерная педагогическая лаборатория как инструмент повышения качества функционирования муниципальных образовательных комплексов и организаций

The article introduces a model developed in the Republic of Bashkortostan aimed at improving the functioning of educational organizations at the municipal level – the Network Innovative Cluster Pedagogical Laboratory, validated with direct involvement from the author. The necessity and effectiveness of the proposed management solution are substantiated. On one hand, numerous vectors of reform in Russian education converge on the common goal of implementing an individualized approach in modern schools. This approach aims to help each student develop their abilities and acquire skills for independent problem-solving in academic and life contexts. On the other hand, any changes in social institutions today occur within the contextual framework of an information society, altering the content and necessary set of knowledge, skills, and competencies. The structure of the Network Innovative Cluster Pedagogical Laboratory is examined, emphasizing the need for creating an information-educational environment, transitioning general education schools into a mode of innovative development, and focusing management efforts on positive social outcomes. This innovative educational complex contributes to the holistic development of student’s personality – intellectual, communicative, and emotional-moral, but requires ongoing monitoring of all elements from both objective and subjective perspectives.

Study of the role of genes involved in the metabolism of histamine in the development of allergic respiratory diseases

The interaction of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors underlies the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Allergic rhinitis and atopic bronchial asthma are closely related and often concurrent respiratory allergic diseases. The chronic recurrent course of these diseases establishes the importance of further and more profound studies of the mechanisms underlying the development of these pathologies. Histamine is one of the most significant inflammatory mediators secreted during allergic reactions. The aim of the research was to study the role of polymorphic variants of AOC1, HRH2, HRH3, ALDH7A1, ADCYAP1, HNMT, PSAP, SCG3, genes involved in the histamine metabolism in the development of different endophenotypes of the allergic airway diseases in individuals living in the Republic of Bashkortostan. DNA samples of 358 individuals with allergic diseases of the respiratory tract of different ethnicity (Russians – 165, Tatars – 143, Bashkirs – 50) and 200 controls with unweighted heredity in allergic diseases (Russians – 75, Tatars – 83, Bashkirs – 42). Genotyping of polymorphic variants was performed by real-time PCR and PCR-RFLP analysis. It was revealed that the rs104979793*CC genotype and the rs104979793*C allele of the AOC1 gene were associated with allergic diseases of the respiratory tract and asthma with concomitant allergic rhinitis in Russians. A significant increase of total IgE level was revealed in Russian patients with allergic diseases of the respiratory tract with the rs1049793*CC genotype of the AOC1 gene compared to carriers of the rs1049793*CG and rs1049793*GG genotypes. The association of the C allele of the rs17525472 polymorphic variant localized near the SCG3 gene with allergic rhinitis in Russians was established. The results revealed that AOC1 and SCG3 genes involved in the metabolism of histamine are related to the development of different endophenotypes of airway diseases in children.

The Practice of Using Artificial Intelligence in Public Administration: Opportunities and Risks (Republic of Bashkortostan)

The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) in public administration is rapidly gaining momentum. The Republic of Bashkortostan is actively implementing such technologies in an effort to improve the efficiency and quality of services provided to citizens. The purpose of the study is to analyze the practice of using AI in public administration in Russia in general, and the Republic of Bashkortostan in particular, to identify opportunities and risks for the authorities and management of the republic. The article provides an overview of cases and initiatives on the introduction of AI in various spheres of public administration, including in the Republic of Bashkortostan; an assessment of the potential advantages of AI to improve the efficiency of government and management, improve the quality of services provided, accelerate decision-making and increase transparency. Внедрение искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) в государственном управлении стремительно набирает обороты. Республика Башкортостан активно внедряет такие технологии, стремясь повысить эффективность и качество услуг, предоставляемых гражданам. Цель исследования – проанализировать практику применения ИИ в государственном управлении России в целом, и Республики Башкортостан в частности, выявить возможности и риски для органов власти и управления республики. В статье представлен обзор кейсов и инициатив по внедрению ИИ в различных сферах государственного управления, в том числе и в Республике Башкортостан; дана оценка потенциальных преимуществ ИИ для повышения эффективности работы органов власти и управления, улучшения качества предоставляемых услуг, ускорения принятия решений и повышения прозрачности.