Raw Wood Research Articles

Surface Wettability of Lignin Materials from Supercritical Water Hydrolysis of Wood

To meet the demands of the evolving circular economy, there is a growing need for renewable resources as base materials for innovative, easily recyclable products. Lignin, the second most abundant biopolymer, has emerged as a promising source of aromatics and reinforcing agent in polymer composites. For the successful manufacturing of homogeneous composite materials, good bonding between the coexisting phases is essential to prevent the formation of voids and agglomerates. Therefore, understanding the surface properties of these materials is crucial for designing optimal composite compounds. In this study, the wettability of lignin-cellulose composites and lignin samples obtained through supercritical water hydrolysis (SCWH) of birch wood is investigated. The contact angle (CA) technique, specifically the sessile drop method, was employed to assess and compare the wettability of SCWH lignin with commercially available lignin and raw birch wood. The results provide insights into their surface energy, adhesion, and hydrophilic or hydrophobic characteristics under processing conditions. All samples exhibited hydrophilicity, with an initial CA approximately 40 °, except for raw birch wood, which had a higher initial CA of ~ 64°. Notably, when lignin is accompanied by significant amounts of cellulose, different trends in CA changes over time were observed. The influence of pressure on the CA between water and these polymers was also analyzed, but no significant impact was detected. This research advances the development of lignin-based materials with tailored surface properties for various industrial applications.

Eco-friendly flame retardant comprising chitosan-based effectively enhances the flame retardancy of wood with low weight percent gain

Nowadays, there are many types of flame retardants, whether halogenated or halogen-free, that can improve the flame retardancy of wood. However, they continue to pose a significant threat to our environment and cause a substantial increase in the weight gain rates after treatment. It is highly desirable yet challenging to develop an eco-friendly and efficient flame retardant with low weight gain rates. Here, we report a simple and fast process for making eco-friendly flame retardants (chitosan, gelatin, sodium phytate and clay) with weight gain rates of 3.7 %, which form excellent flame retardancy systems. This method can be used to create a 53.5 % reduction in peak heat release rate (pHRR) an 189 % increase in ignition time (cone colorimeter), and a 71.9 % reduction in peak temperature (alcohol spray lamps) compared to raw wood. The results displayed that the effect of flame retardancy (Decreased ratio for pHRR/Weight percent gain) was the best in the past three years. In addition, the flame retardancy mechanism is thoroughly analyzed using the techniques of Raman and so on. This study proposes a novel strategy featured by eco-friendly and simple preparation process for enhancing the flame retardancy of wood in important areas.

Metal adsorption equilibrium response of iron oxide nanoparticles embedded on Acacia (Vachellia nilotica) wood waste under different parametric conditions

The present study reveals cost-effective, environmentally approachable, and efficient adsorbent for the elimination of heavy metals by utilizing the biological synthesis route of nanoparticles (NPs). IONPs (hematite) synthesized from Vachellia nilotica wood waste. Raw wood waste and IONPs were characterized by SEM and FTIR. A batch adsorption process was conducted to study the adsorption of lead (Pb+2) and (Cu+2) ions by raw wood waste and IONPs synthesized from wood waste. Parameters like pH change, temperature, dosage of sorbent, and contact time were performed to provide information about optimal conditions for adsorption. It was found that an adsorbent dosage of 4 g, pH = 7, temperature = 120 °C, and time of 20 min provided high removal efficiency of both metals. With Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm, experimental data matched well with a high adsorption capacity of 7.5 mg/L for Cu (II) and 0.83 mg/L for Pb (II). Kinetics study shows that equilibrium data supports with pseudo-second-order model with the highest R 2=0.99. Thermodynamics study (ΔGo, ΔHo, and ΔSo) shows that the process is feasible and has an endothermic nature. IONPs provide high removal efficiency with R 2=0.99 with both metals. IONPs proved as efficient adsorbents with high removal efficacy of studied metal as paralleled to raw wood waste.

CHARACTERIZATION OF CLT PANELS FOR CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS

The civil construction market with wood in Brazil is growing and shows a promising future due to the availability of forests and technology. Wood offers advantages in the workability of prefabricated and semi-handcrafted components compared to masonry construction. Sustainability is an important goal for companies in the sector that invest in wood construction. It highlights the difficulty in executing wood construction in Brazil due to the lack of properly processed wood. The objective of this study was to compare the physical properties of Pinus elliottii and CLT panels. The results highlight that CLT panels significantly enhance mechanical strength compared to Pinus elliottii. Raw sawn wood is suitable for panel construction, with a C50 classification, and the elasticity results were superior to those found in the literature. The study emphasizes the importance of investing in technology and disseminating knowledge to advance in this market.

Characteristics of Removal of Lead, Cadmium and Chromium from Soil Using Biosorbent and Biochar

The study proposed the use of aspen wood sawdust and biochar derived from this sawdust for the removal of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cr(VI) ions from soil in systems containing single metals as well as a mixture of all the studied metals. The effectiveness of the applied sorbents was compared with the sorptive properties of activated carbon. The results showed that all the tested materials reduced the metal content in the soil, and the obtained biochar was able to sorb lead, cadmium, and chromium ions in both studied systems. The influence of the type of sorbent, its dose, process duration, and the impact of metal on the removal efficiency and sorption capacity was analyzed. A statistical analysis of the obtained results was also conducted, determining the influence of process parameters on the removal capabilities of metal ions. The highest Pb, Cd and Cr ion removal efficiencies were obtained in a 36-day process at a sorbent dose of 10%. Aspen sawdust, biochar and activated carbon removed 46%, 50% and 71% of Pb(II), 35%, 43% and 53% of Cd(II) and 15%, 27% and 38% of Cr(VI), respectively. In turn, the highest sorption capacity values were achieved in a 36-day process at a sorbent dose of 2%, obtaining results of 20.2 mg/g, 22.3 mg/g and 23.2 mg/g of Pb(II), 5.1 mg/g, 7.9 mg/g and 11.7 mg/g of Cd(II) and 3.8 mg/g, 5.8 mg/g and 8.5 mg/g of Cr(VI), respectively. It was found that both raw aspen wood sawdust and biochar derived from this wood are effective in removing toxic metal ions from soil, which presents a potential solution to their presence in the natural environment.

Fiber-Reinforced Plywood: Increased Performance with Less Raw Material.

Fiber-reinforced plywood is a composite material that combines the natural strength and rigidity of plywood with the added durability and resilience provided by reinforcing fibers. This type of plywood is designed to offer improved characteristics over standard plywood, including enhanced strength, stiffness, resistance to impact and moisture, and environmental degradation. By integrating reinforcing fibers, such as glass, carbon, or natural fibers (like flax, bamboo, or hemp) into or onto plywood, manufacturers can create a material that is better suited for applications where traditional plywood might fall short or when a decrease in product weight or savings in wood raw material are necessary. This report reviews the current progress in fiber-reinforced plywood in the context of plywood as a construction material to better understand the potential gains in plywood applications, mechanical parameters, and material savings. It is found that a simple and cost-effective procedure of fiber reinforcement allows for substantial improvements in plywood's mechanical properties, typically to the extent of 10-40%. It is suggested that the wider adoption of fiber-reinforced plywood, especially in load- and impact-bearing applications, would greatly contribute to enhanced durability and longevity of the material while also allowing for more sustainable use of raw wood material.

Antifungal activity of heat-treated wood extract against wood decay fungi

Using heat treatment for wood protection has been driven to maturity, but the role of heat-treated wood extracts in decay resistance has lacked attention. To assess the potential of heat-treated wood extract for wood preservation, the antifungal activity of the extract against wood decay fungi and the effects of the extract on fungal wood degrading enzyme activity and cell membrane integrity were tested. Small shavings generated during the processing of larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen) were heat-treated and extracted. The antifungal activity of extract against wood decay fungi and decay resistance of extract impregnated wood were tested to assess their potential. The effect of extracts on the enzyme activity of the white-rot fungus, Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd and the brown-rot fungus, Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers.: Fr.) Murr. for wood degradation was assessed by detecting the activity of cellulose, hemicellulose, and ligninase of fungi incubated with extract. The effect of extracts on the integrity of cell membranes of fungi was assessed by staining with propidium iodide (PI) and the leakage detection of nucleic acid and protein in fungi after exposure to extract. The toxicity to freshwater luminescent bacteria (Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. -Q67) and mouse macrophages (RAW264.7) of the extract impregnated wood leachate was tested and compared with the leachate of the raw wood. The results denoted that the decay resistance of poplar (Populus tomentosa Carr.) wood could be improved by heat-treated larch wood extract, and the effect of the extract impregnated wood leachate on Q67 and RAW264.7 was the same as that of raw wood leachate. The extract inhibited ligninase activity (only for T. versicolor), cellulase activity, and respiratory metabolism of tested fungi, and impaired the membrane integrity. The study identified a potential wood preservative.

Detection of invisible biological traces in relation to the physicochemical properties of substrates surfaces in forensic casework

Touch DNA, which can be found at crime scenes, consists of invisible biological traces deposited through a person’s skin’s contact with an object or another person. Many factors influence touch DNA transfer, including the “destination” substrate’s surface. The latter’s physicochemical characteristics (wettability, roughness, surface energy, etc.) will impact touch DNA deposition and persistence on a substrate. We selected a representative panel of substrates from objects found at crime scenes (glass, polystyrene, tiles, raw wood, etc.) to investigate the impact of these characteristics on touch DNA deposition and detection. These were shown to impact cell deposition, morphology, retention, and subsequent touch DNA genetic analysis. Interestingly, cell-derived fragments found within keratinocyte cells and fingermarks using in vitro touch DNA models could be successfully detected whichever the substrates’ physicochemistry by targeting cellular proteins and carbohydrates for two months, indoors and outdoors. However, swabbing and genetic analyses of such mock traces from different substrates produced informative profiles mainly for substrates with the highest surface free energy and therefore the most hydrophilic. The substrates’ intrinsic characteristics need to be considered to better understand both the transfer and persistence of biological traces, as well as their detection and collection, which require an appropriate methodology and sampling device to get informative genetic profiles.

Assessment of indoor air quality of the furniture manufacturers in Binh Duong industrial parks, Vietnam

Abstract Wood furniture and related products are created from raw wood and or wood products that require cutting, sanding, and other handling activities that generate wood dust. Exposure to indoor factory air pollutants can have significant health consequences for workers and nearby communities. Therefore, it was necessary to implement the assessment of indoor air quality in furniture manufacturers. This study mainly aimed to assess the indoor air quality status of physical and chemical aspects at 3 different furniture factories. Each sample was analysed for eight parameters including TSP, PM10, PM2.5, noise, temperature, humidity, wind, and light. Sampling and sample handling techniques were performed based on the usage test methods of Vietnam standards. The concentrations of TSP (194 – 493 μg/m3), PM10 (106.7 – 153.8 μg/m3), PM2.5 (72.8 – 95.6 μg/m3); and, the variables of noise (70.4 – 80.3 dBA), temperature (29.4 – 32.4 °C), humidity (58.0 – 69.4 %), wind (0.29 – 0.49) and light (327 – 573) these considered at 3 furniture manufacturers were within the allowable thresholds of QCVN 02:2019/BYT (Permissible exposure limit value of dust at the workplace), QCVN24:2016/BYT (Permissible exposure levels of noise in the workplace), QCVN26:2016/BYT (Permissible value of microclimate in the workplace); and, QCVN22:2016/BYT (Permissible levels of lighting in the workplace). However, long-term direct exposure of workers to these pollutants would also result in potential health risks. This study also suggested the management and technical control solutions to contribute to improving air quality for furniture manufacturers.

Layer-by-layer assembling redox wood electrodes for efficient energy storage

The exploration of redox-active organic materials and low tortuous thick-electrodes is attractive for energy storage. The in-situ valorized lignin on raw wood surface accompanied by layer-by-layer deposition of electro-active materials endow such spatially distributed wood electrodes with high specific capacitance. Here, we report a layer-by-layer assembled ca.1.5 mm-thick redox wood hybrid electrode with 20 mg cm-2 electro-active mass loading for efficient energy storage. The in-situ modified surface lignin in treated wood (TrW) holds promise as redox-active material with enriched nanoporosity, carbonyl functionalities, and multi-phase ionic transport structure. The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) networking with in-situ polymerized polypyrrole (PPy) nanorods three-dimensionally in the lumen of TrW afford a wool-like, highly porous nanostructure. Such a hierarchical structured PPy@CNTs@TrW electrode offers a high areal capacitance of 1.46 F cm-2 with an extraordinary energy density of 0.983 mWh cm-3 (3.68 Wh kg-1) and power density of 5.4 mW cm-3 (20.25 W kg-1). Here, the valorized surface lignin contributes contributes to electrochemical energy storage accompanied by spatially distributed PPy@CNTs in low tortuous electrodes. The electrode offers extremely low electrochemical impedance of 0.61 Ω electrode resistance and 1.57 Ω electrolyte resistance. The hybrid wood electrode showcases even higher conductivity and energy/power density than thin carbonized wood and other state-of-the-art thin electrodes made of highly conductive three-dimensional networks. This work highlights the potential of in-situ valorized lignin in developing high-performance eco-friendly thick-electrodes for electrochemical energy storage applications.

Numerical Study on Combustion Characteristics of Biogas Cocombustion in a 300MW Coal-Fired Boiler Furnace.

To further explore cocombustion technology with biogas and coal, a series of numerical simulations have been carried out to analyze the effects of the cocombustion ratio ξ, height of biogas nozzle HGN, and tilt angle of burner θBN on combustion characteristics in a 300 MW four-corner tangential boiler furnace. Three types of biogas are gasified from straw, sawdust, and raw wood when air serves as the gasification agent. The velocity field, temperature field, and NO emissions have been comprehensively analyzed when the values of ξ, HGN, and θBN range, respectively, from 0.02 to 0.12, from 17.3 to 20.3 m, and from -15° to +15°. Results showed that the NO concentration at the furnace outlet monotonously decreased with ξ. The injection of biogas reduces both the peak temperature of the entire boiler furnace and the NO concentration at the furnace outlet. The NO emission concentration decreases with the increased ξ value for all types of biogases. The cocombustion with sawdust biogas indicates the least NO emission at a fixed cocombustion ratio. Furthermore, reducing the furnace height at HGN = 17.3 m or titling down the burner at θBN = -15° contributed to a greater NO concentration at the furnace outlet.

Vliv způsobu hospodaření, druhové skladby a fluktuace cen dříví na ekonomický výsledek lesního hospodaření

The aim of this paper was to assess the influence of the silvicultural system (clear-cut and shelterwood), species composition of forest stands, in relation to the fluctuation of raw wood prices, on the economic results of forest management. Model analyses were performed on the example of the conditions of the CZU Forests, specifically for the third forest vegetation zone, SLT 3K. The input to the model evaluation was: data on the growth and production of the investigated tree species in the given site conditions from growth tables, the costs of forestry measures were derived from standards, the assortment was carried out on the basis of assortment tables, the prices of assortments of raw wood were taken from the data of the Czech Statistical Office for 2015 and 2019. The synthetic result of the model evaluations was the gross profit of forest production per hectare and year. The results of the analysis prove the economic advantage and greater stability of the shelterwood silvicultural system, especially with regard to lower silvicultural costs, higher volume of timber production and mutual compensation of the decrease and increase in the prices of raw wood of the evaluated tree species.

Effect of partial delignification and densification on chemical, morphological, and mechanical properties‏ of wood: Structural property evolution

Efforts have been dedicated to developing sustainable alternatives for conventional construction materials, resulting in the development of densified wood as an innovative, environmentally friendly, and high-performance material. This study focuses on investigating the effects of treatment parameters (e.g., partial delignification boiling time, chemical concentrations, and hot-pressing pressures) on the chemical, morphological, and mechanical properties of the densified wood. Results revealed that the partial delignification process of low-density Balsa wood reduced lignin content by 50–80%, which enhanced the crystallinity of the wood by 21–54%. However, prolonged periods of partial delignification caused a degradation in the crystalline regions in wood. The modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the densified wood samples increased by 90–680% and 10–810% compared with those of the raw wood samples, respectively. The MOR of the densified wood also showed a dependency on lignin content and porosity. An optimal lignin content of approximately 10% was associated with the highest MOR in densified wood. Moreover, the relationship between the MOR and porosity suggested that the MOR improvement occurred in two stages. The first stage of MOR improvement is controlled by the reduction in the porosity and the second stage is controlled by the improved hydrogen bonding among cellulose nanofibrils.

Is biochar a suitable fire retardant for furfurylated wood?

Wood is a very aesthetically pleasing and environmentally friendly material that can be used both indoors and outdoors. Many research teams are now paying closer attention to polymer modification using furfuryl alcohol or biochar because of its potential for commercial applications. It is anticipated that this kind of material will be long-lasting and maintain its mechanical properties over time. In this paper, spruce wood was modified by a furfuryl alcohol solution enriched by biochar using vacuum infiltration. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to investigate whether spruce wood was suitable for this treatment and to evaluate the effects of thermal degradation properties on prepared composite. Thermogravimetric analysis of raw wood (W), furfurylated wood (FW), and biochar-furfurylated wood bio-composite (BFW) reveals significant differences in its thermal stability. Wood exhibits the lowest thermal stability due to its composition. BFW showed higher thermal stability than wood. FW decomposes similarly to BFW but shows higher mass loss at low temperatures. The obtained results proved increasing two key fire characteristics (decrease of effective heat of combustion and carbon monoxide yield) of BFW in comparison with pristine spruce wood.

Рациональная технология комплексной разработки торфяных месторождений

The article analyzes a rational scheme of bulldozer technology of complex surface layer-wise extraction of peat raw materials and wood remains, which contributes to energy and resource saving. Complete extraction of useful components from peat deposits is achieved based on the environmental principles of rational use of natural resources. Agro-industrial and environmental protection are currently becoming promising directions for the use of peat raw materials. The ways of technical retooling and enhancing the efficiency of equipment operation are considered with account for the scale factor of the peat-mining companies. The advantages of the peat mining technology, which can be used in small-scale peat mining companies, are shown. The choice of equipment for the bulldozer technology is made with consideration of the limiting conditions for its application, reduction of the energy intensity of the process; equipment match by technical specifications; versatility and multitask capability.

Evaluation of physicochemical properties and combustion behavior of biomass refuse-derived fuel

Recently, a 125 MW biomass power plant in South Korea has been operating annually using 600,000 tons of wood pellets as fuel, producing approximately 6,000 tons of biomass refuse-derived fuel (BRDF) each year. Owing to challenges in pulverizing biomass, large particles are introduced into the boiler furnace during power generation. However, their size hinders complete combustion, and approximately 1.0 % of the fuel input to the boiler descends to the bottom and is subsequently collected in the ash hopper; it corresponds to BRDF. This study evaluated the recyclability and applicability of BRDF in boilers by comparing its fuel properties with those of raw wood pellets (RWP), torrefied wood pellets (TWP), and coal. Furthermore, we analyzed and assessed the physicochemical properties and fundamental combustion characteristics using the thermally treated biomass grindability index (TTBGI), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The fixed carbon content of BRDF increased, whereas the volatile matter content decreased compared with that of RWP. The H/C and O/C atomic ratios of BRDF were similar to those of coal, and the higher heating value (HHV) of BRDF was improved compared with the other samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed significant pore development in the BRDF, and BET analysis indicated an increase in the specific surface area. The TTBGI measurements indicated improved grindability of the BRDF and increased lignin content. In particular, Cmean (%/min) and Cmax (%/min) increased compared with RWP, and the combustion characteristics of the BRDF improved. Therefore, this study suggests that BRDF has the potential to be utilized as a fuel in existing boilers.

Construction and implementation of a poplar spectral library based on phenological stages for land cover classification using high-resolution satellite images

ABSTRACT As valued members of forest ecosystems, fast-growing tree species are of great importance for protecting natural forests, fulfilling the demand for raw wood material, and preserving biodiversity and ecosystem services. In this regard, multi-temporal monitoring and evaluation of poplar planted areas are essential for decision makers and planners to keep the inventory maps of planted areas up-to-date and track the temporal changes accurately. Using a spectral library, available spectral knowledge can be incorporated into inventory mapping and image classification processes. In this study, in situ spectral measurements of five Populus (four clones and one species) planted sites in Türkiye were collected at three phenological stages (early, mid, and late vegetation) and a novel spectral library was created after completing strict processing stages. Analysis of the spectral reflectances of the Populus species revealed that their spectral properties in the visible region are similar, whereas the discrimination in the near-infrared and shortwave infrared (SWIR) regions was noticeably higher. Two types of applications were conducted to effectively use the spectral library. First, the spectral library was used to validate the poplar class labels of the sites visited during the field campaign. The effectiveness of Worldview-3 imagery with eight SWIR bands was evaluated by pairwise comparison of the spectral curves of the sample fields with those of the spectral library. Second, the spectral library facilitated the extraction of poplar samples from Sentinel-2 imagery in an unvisited region, and a supervised classification process was conducted using the random forest algorithm. The results revealed that the Populus species (Samsun and I-214) could be delineated with high accuracy (>70%) using 10-band Sentinel-2 imagery, and object-based classification outperformed pixel-based classification by approximately 5% for the poplar types. The developed spectral library stands as a valuable asset for studies focused on identifying and classifying Populus species using high-resolution imagery.

On the oxy-combustion of blends of coal and agro-waste biomass under dry and wet conditions

Integrating bioenergy into carbon capture and storage systems (Bio-CCS) is a novel concept aiming at reducing CO2 emissions, pointing to a short-term need to increase the use of non-conventional biomasses. The main objective of this experimental research is to characterize the behavior of two agro-waste biomasses under oxy-co-firing conditions, as concerns fuel conversion and NO formation, compared to the use of typical raw pine wood. The effect of replacing CO2 with H2O in the firing atmosphere is also sought. Two different biomass shares in the blends, 20 % and 50 %, are selected. The experiments are conducted in a lab-scale entrained flow reactor for two O2 concentrations (21 % and 35 %) and four H2O concentrations (0 %, 10 %, 25 %, 40 %). Some operating conditions are kept the same to enable the comparisons: mean residence time (3 s), initial reactor temperature (1000 °C) and oxygen excess (1.25). New results have been obtained from the experiments, optimizing burnout degrees and reducing NO levels. Minimum differences in conversions are detected for the 35 % O2 cases when the agro-biomasses replace the pine wood: less than 0.7 and 1.1 percentage points. Burnout degrees are maximized when 25 % CO2 is replaced with H2O in most cases, with maximum values in the range 97.3–97.7 %. The higher the agro-biomasses share in the blend, the higher the N-fuel to NO conversion, consistent with their larger nitrogen contents. Significant decreases of NO are detected when CO2 is replaced with H2O, with maximum reductions of 17.6 %. The extent of these NO reductions shows a clear dependence on the volatiles-to-char ratios for the fired blends: the higher the ratio, the lower the decrease. For the largest steam additions (40 %), the NO depleting effect caused by H2O is partially compensated with the enhancement of the N-volatiles oxidation, limiting the NO reductions to 1.7–7.3 % compared to the dry atmospheres.

THE EFFECT OF MOISTURE CONTENT ON ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED SOFTWOODS; CEDAR, JUNIPER, AND PINE

Natural woods as a raw material have been taking a considerable interest topic by industries such as the forest industry, furniture manufacturing, and nowadays suitable electronics. One of the most essential steps of manufacturing for those industry purposes is RF heating/drying of raw wood material nowadays. However, knowing the electrical properties, such as the dielectric constant of wood-based material before processing is tremendously important. It is well-known that the moisture content and density levels of material directly affect the dielectric properties. Moisture and density conditions are different in each material because it’s related directly to the absorption and affection of material towards moisture sources. Therefore, in this study of wood material under varying conditions, proper empiric models have been generated to express this relationship. This study is based on three different softwood specimens widely used in the forest industry. The dielectric properties were determined in the frequency range of 2.17 GHz-6.0 GHz as a function of moisture content and density for wood species. Each measurement contains 500 raw data points; a vector network analyzer collected 49,500 S-parameter data. Each wood specimen consists of six samples; the average of data obtained from these samples was considered as a dielectric measure for the examined wood specimen. The proposed empiric models have RMSE better than 0.05 for the relation between loss tangent and density, while the proposed empiric models for dielectric permittivity have better than 0.90 with density relation, which is considered an acceptable ratio for model generation.

Vegetable raw materials for the production of fibrous semi-finished products

In the economic sphere, they envisage the creation of their own production facilities to produce fibrous semi–finished products - cellulose and its derivatives based on the wood of various hardwoods from the Central Asian region, whose plantations expand every year. Great attention should be paid to rice and wheat straw. Given that rice straw is not used as feed in animal husbandry and is simply burned, thus damaging the ecology of the country, we consider it necessary to carry out scientific work on the production of semi-finished modified fibrous products from local annual cellulose-containing plants. Waste generated by cutting poplar in the form of branches, sawdust, shavings, etc. can also serve as an additional source of raw wood materials to produce cellulose.