Raw Scales Research Articles

Career models, job satisfaction, and type of work-related behavior presented by Polish nurses: A cross-sectional post-COVID-19 study.

Nurses constitute a crucial professional group within the healthcare system. Job satisfaction and opportunities for professional development directly impact the quality of medical services provided and help prevent burnout. The study aimed to assess the preferred career model, the level of job satisfaction, and determine the type of work-related behavior presented by Polish nurses. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 795 nurses after the COVID-19 pandemic. Three standardized scales were used: My Career questionnaire to access the preferred career model, the Job Satisfaction Scale, and Work‑Related Behavior and Experience Patterns (Arbeitsbesorgenes Verhaltens und Erlebenmuster - AVEM) questionnaire assessing types of work-related behavior. Descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression were used for analysis of data. The results concerning the relationship between the types of work-related behavior, job satisfaction, and the preferred career model revealed that type G (healthy) was significantly and positively correlated (p < 0.05, r > 0) with the Challenge subscale of the career model (r = 0.095, p = 0.007) and job satisfaction (r = 0.136, p < 0.001). The higher the score on the Challenge subscale and greater job satisfaction, the more pronounced type G personality. The multiple linear regression models explained only 2.5 to 5% of the variability of studied questionnaire outcomes but indicated that significant, independent predictors for the My Career questionnaire subscales and AVEM raw scales for each type were additional qualifications, level of education, work experience, and place of work. Significant predictors of the job satisfaction scale were employment in private healthcare facilities and a master's degree. Nurses experience job satisfaction, but the workload, demanding daily tasks, and the sense of responsibility can lead them to feel fatigued and burnt out. The preferred career model involves Security and Stability, as well as Service and Commitment to other domains. Only a small percentage of the variability in the results of the analyzed dependent variables was explained by the explanatory variables included in the model. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(1):19-30.

The Living Planet Index's ability to capture biodiversity change from uncertain data.

The Living Planet Index (LPI) is a crucial tool to track global biodiversity change, but necessarily sacrifices information to summarize thousands of population trends into a single communicable index. Evaluating when and how this information loss affects the LPI's performance is essential to ensure interpretations of the index reflect the truth as reliably as possible. Here, we evaluated the ability of the LPI to accurately and precisely capture trends of population change from uncertain data. We derived a mathematical analysis of uncertainty propagation in the LPI to track how measurement and process uncertainty may bias estimates of population growth rate trends, and to measure the overall uncertainty of the LPI. We demonstrated the propagation of uncertainty using simulated scenarios of declining, stable, or growing populations fluctuating independently, synchronously, or asynchronously, to assess the bias and uncertainty of the LPI in each scenario. We found that measurement and process uncertainty consistently pull the index below the expected true trend. Importantly, variability in the raw data scales up to draw the index further below the expected trend and to amplify its uncertainty, particularly when populations are small. These findings echo suggestions that a more complete assessment of the variability in population change trends, with particular attention to covarying populations, would enrich the LPI's already critical influence on conservation communication and decisions.

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penentuan Kerani Timbang Lapangan Terbaik Menerapkan Metode Operational Competitiveness Rating Analysis (OCRA)

The weighing clerk is part of the BUMN employees whose job is to calculate incoming and outgoing income from the results of the company's raw material scales. Of course, every company engaged in this field requires quality weighing machines that can improve the quality of a company. In selecting the best field weigh-in, several criteria can be used as references, such as performance, responsibility, age, level, and number of dependents. And due to the large amount of data that is not suitable for field weighing clerks but has registered to be field team assistants, the head of the company is confused and it takes a long time to select suitable field weighing clerks to be employed. In order to assist in the selection of candidates for the weigh-in election, a decision support system is needed. The Operational Competitiveness Rating Analysis (OCRA) method is one of the supporting methods in determining the priority criteria for the selection of field weigh-in candidates. As for the results in the research on the selection of the best field weighing clerk, alternative A2 with a value of 0.583 on behalf of the Libra Purba.

SYNTHESIS OF HYDROXYAPATITE FROM EUROPEAN SEA BASS (DICENTRARCHUS LABRAX) SCALES AND INVESTIGATION OF ITS USABILITY IN Pb(II) REMOVAL FROM WATERS

In this study, low-cost and eco-friendly hydroxyapatite (FS-HAp) particles were obtained from the raw fish scales of European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), and used as adsorbent material to remove Pb(II) ions from solutions. For this purpose, experiments were carried out in the aqueous solutions prepared at different Pb(II) concentrations to determine optimum pH, adsorbent concentration, reaction time and initial Pb(II) concentration. Optimum removal conditions for Pb(II) adsorption onto FS-HAp were determined as pH 4.0, adsorbent concentration of 7.5 g/L, reaction time of 60 min, and initial Pb(II) concentration of 50 mg/L. Under these experimental conditions, the maximum Pb(II) removal was obtained as 97%. According to results of the study, hydroxyapatite obtained from fish scales was found to be highly efficient material to remove Pb(II) ions from water by adsorption method in order to reach high efficiency values when compared with many adsorbent materials.

Characterization of Forcespun Polycaprolactone Fibers Infused with Bio-Based Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications

A novel Force spinning technique was used to fabricate microfibers from polycaprolactone (PCL) infused with bio-based hydroxyapatite (HA). The aim of this study is to analyze the thermo-mechanical properties of the developed fibers in addition to cell adhesion and proliferation analysis. The HA is synthesized from sundried raw fish scales of carpa family. The fish scales are calcinated at 800°C in a box furnace and are bead milled for one hour in a nano agitator bead mill for particle size reduction. Thus obtained nanoparticles are characterized using XRD, SEM, and TEM for particle size reduction, crystallinity, and structure. The PCL solution formed by dissolving 16 wt% of PCL in chloroform is magnetically stirred for 3 hrs at 170 rpm. The HA nanoparticles were infused in this solution by 1, 2, and 3 wt% and is stirred in a think mixer under vacuum for 7 mins for uniform dispersion of nanoparticles in the solution. The solution mixture is injected into the spinneret of force spinning apparatus. The PCL/HA fibers were collected at rotational aped 7000 rpm with a spin time of 10mins. The thermo-mechanical properties of the fibers were analyzed using tensile test, DSC, and DMA analyses. The biological assessment of the fibers is done using in vitro cell studies of the scaffolds that were cut from the fibers. These scaffolds can be further used for various biomedical applications such as sutures and controlled wound healing.

Calcination Temperature-Dependent Structural and Photoluminescence Properties of Hydroxyapatite Derived from Labeo Rohita Fish Scales

The nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite was synthesized from Labeo Rohita fish scales by calcination of raw scales at temperatures ranges from 400 to 1000 °C. The synthesized powders were characterized using, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyzer (TG–DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning and high-resolution transmission electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, respectively. Crystallite size, crystallinity and lattice parameters of HAp were evaluated from XRD, and it is shown that the average crystallite sizes were significantly enhanced with the calcination temperature attending its maximum value at ~ 40 nm. TG–DTA analysis predicts the thermal stability of the samples, and it has been observed that the thermal stability increases with the calcination temperature. Moreover, a detailed photoluminescence study of the as-synthesized samples has been carried out for the first time and an appropriate excitation energy gives rise to several distinct peaks in the emission spectra which has not been reported previously.

Characterization of Catla catla and Oreochromis niloticus fish scales derived hydroxyapatite scaffolds for regenerative medicine

Naturally derived biomaterials have been preferred since decades for the tissue regeneration to repair, replace, and improve the tissues/organs functionality. In the present study, the synthesis of raw fish scales derived hydroxyapatite scaffolds (FSHA) was carried out from two fish species namely, Catla (Catla catla) and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The control were chemically synthesized hydroxyapatite from gradual mixing of Ca(NO3)2 4H2O (0.40 M) and (NH4)2 HPO4 (0.24 M) solutions at room temperature, with maintaining pH at 11 with NH4OH. The raw powder was utilized to develop porous scaffold by using sacrificial template by sintering at 800 °C for two hours. The commercially available hydroxyapatite (sHA) were compared for the study as control. Further all group of powder and scaffold samples were characterized for their physico-chemical properties. The crystallinity and the compound purity, along with the chemical bond analysis were estimated by XRD and FTIR analysis. TGA was carried out to determine the thermal stability of the FSHA when subjected to temperature range 20–1000 °C. The morphological characterization of porosity and elemental composition and existence of other trace elements were carried out FESEM-EDS. The XRD analysis confirmed the synthesis of crystalline hydroxyapatite from fish scales and FTIR data indicated the presence of bonds supporting the cell-biomaterial interaction. The thermal stability of the developed fish scale derived scaffolds showed support towards physiological conditions. Thus, the performed study with the raw fish scales derived hydroxyapatite scaffolds and compared with synthetic hydroxyapatite as standard seems relevant towards the application for tissue regeneration.

The Difference Characteristicsof Collagen from Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Bone, Skin, and Scales

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the main commodities of freshwater fish in Indonesia. Mostly, tilapia is exported in the form of fillets which produce residual processing including bobe, skin, and scales which can reach 50 to 70% of the total weight of fish. The aimed of this study was to extract and characterize collagen from bone, skin, and scales of tilapia. The research method used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) by treating the different types of collagen raw materials, namely bone, skin, and scales of tilapia. The results showed that the type of raw material affected the yield, water content, color, and pH (p&lt;0.05). The collagen yield in this study was 0.53% (bone), 0.63% (scales) and 0.94% (skin). The small amount of amendment was caused by the concentration of acetic acid being too low. the smallest water content in tilapia fish collagen 2.17%; the best brightness of collagen in fish bones 76.91%; the value of the largest degree of white on fish scales 75.95%; pH content close to neutral fish collagen scales 6.49; Morphological results of collagen produced using SEM, the presence of pores seen in the collagen of tilapia fish due to the space between the collagen fibers while. Collagen from the skin and scales has the same morphology, which is shaped in small squares and smooth surface without pores

Effects of Pre-Treatment Conditions on Black Tilapia Fish Scales for Gelatin Extraction

Black tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) fish scales are good sources of gelatin. Fish scales needs to undergo adequate demineralization (pre-treatment) process in order to be a suitable medium for gelatin extraction. The effect of hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentrations (1-5 %) and pre-treatment time (4-20 h) on the raw tilapia scales have been determined. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was done on the raw scales before and after pre-treatment process. SEM images reveal the pattern of ridges on the scales that fades away at different treatment conditions. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) results indicate that 3% of HCl with 12 h of treatment time is adequate for demineralization of the fish scales. These were further proved by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, where no any inorganic components been detected in the pre-treated scales in comparison to raw scales.

Preparations of Hydroxyapatite from Tilapia Scales

Hydroxyapatite (HAp), classified as bioceramic materials is the major mineral constituent of vertebrate bones and teeth. In this study, the effect of temperature on isolation and characterization of HAp from tilapia fish scales have been investigated. Scales were subjected to heat treatment at different temperatures (800°C and 1000°C) and microstructure of both raw and calcined scales were observed under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) results have revealed the best calcination temperature of tilapia scales to be 800°C due to the calculated calcium to phosphorous weight ratio (Ca/P). The Ca/P ratio for scales treated at 800°C and 1000°C were 1.598 and 1.939 respectively. The phase purity and crystallinity of produced HAp was further confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Based on the study, it can be concluded that tilapia fish scale is a good natural source of HAp with 800°C as the optimum calcination temperature in HAp production.

Physicochemical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Extracted from Fish Scales

In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) was extracted from freshwater fish scales and saltwater fish scales using thermal decomposition method at various temperatures. The percentages of HAp in each species of raw fish scales were analysed using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) whereas Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to confirm the present of HA. The crystallinity of the HAp was studied using x-ray diffractometer (XRD). TGA and FTIR are found to be useful techniques to predict the composition of the HAp present in the fish scales. The results show that the composition of HAp in the fish scales was not significantly dependent on the species of the fish. The percentage of HAp in the fish scales ranged from 40 to 45 wt%. The heating temperature had an effect on the crystallinity and colour of the HAp produced. Results from FTIR and XRD confirmed that the HAp extracted from fish scales was similar to the HAp standard. However, the natural HAp produced from saltwater fish scales was more crystalline than that produced from freshwater fish scales. The HAp produced from this study is relatively cheap and more importantly they are HALAL for four billion Muslims population around the world.

Poly(glutaraldehyde)‐stabilized fish scale fibrillar collagen–some features of a new material for heavy metal sorption

AbstractIn this work, fibrillar collagen on scales of Corvina fish (Micropogonias furnieri) was crosslinked and used as a new adsorbent for sorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Characterization has suggested that the crosslinked collagen of Corvina scale has higher denaturation temperature in relation to the raw scales. In addition, electrostatic interactions between collagen positive charges and chromate negative charges constitute the majority of the interactions. Solution microcalorimetry experiments have indicated that water swelling of the crosslinked scales is slightly exothermic and increased with increasing temperature. Sorption of Cr(VI) by crosslinked scales increases with increasing initial Cr(VI) concentration in solution and decreases with temperature increasing. The kinetic data of Cr(VI) sorption on crosslinked scales were best fitted to a multilinear exponential model. The values of Cr(VI) diffusion constants increase with both temperature and initial Cr(VI) concentration in solution. The maximum sorption capacity of the new adsorbent for Cr (VI) was found at 39 mg g−1 and is higher than some commercial adsorbent samples. So, chemically crosslinked Corvina scale is a promising adsorbent for sorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012

Convergent validity of MCMI‐III clinical syndrome scales

This study tested the convergent validity of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) clinical syndrome scales. Cross-sectional survey. Using a sample of 186 substance abusers from one single town referred for assessment, convergent and discriminant validity of the MCMI-III and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) diagnoses was conducted. Additional measures included the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. A single Axis I factor based on the raw scores correlated adequately with the factor based on the other scales (r= .85), whereas the correlation between the factor based on the MCMI-III baserate scores was somewhat lower (r= .74), but still indicated substantial convergent validity. For individual disorders, area under the curve (AUC) analyses suggested that the convergent validity of the MCMI-III and the MINI was adequate. The raw score scales were superior to the baserate adjusted scores in all but one case. Discriminant validity was good for alcohol and drug dependence, moderate for major depression and delusion, and poor for thought disorder and anxiety. The MCMI-III clinical syndrome scales generally measure the constructs they were intended for. The data did not support that the adjustments used in calculating the baserate scores improved validity.

Docents of Discourse: The Logic of Dispersed Sites

This essay proposes a revision of the dominant critical vocabulary for site-based practices in contemporary art and poetry through a critical engagement with the work of art historian Miwon Kwon. Focusing on recent art and poetry that sites itself not in relation to physical places but instead in relation to “discourses” (like anthropology or archaeology), the essay contests Kwon's arguments that artists like Mark Dion and Renée Green relativize artistic practice in relation to other disciplines and that their work breaks with the concerns of art history. Demonstrating instead how they recode disciplinary boundaries and modes of authority, I show how such new and expanded models of contextualization became central to the history of site-specific art since the 1960s, once the concept of site began to organize not only literal sculptural objects but the notion of an artistic context (both synchronic and diachronic) more generally. Without acknowledging the contingency inescapable in such modes of contextualization, art historians have presented the discursive site as a stable and authoritative frame. To address this problem, the essay then turns to a range of site-based contemporary poetries (Flarf, Rob Fitterman, Lisa Robertson) in which “discourses” (of Web commerce, nationalism, and urbanism, among others) function similarly as sites. But rather than merely assert such sites as stable frames of reference, contemporary poetry tends, often perversely and playfully, to anatomize the legibility of these very frames. They thus call our attention to what might count as the raw materials, scales, and intertextual logic or coherence of a discursive site.

Meta‐analysis of skewed data: Combining results reported on log‐transformed or raw scales

When literature-based meta-analyses involve outcomes with skewed distributions, the best available data can sometimes be a mixture of results presented on the raw scale and results presented on the logarithmic scale. We review and develop methods for transforming between these results for two-group studies, such as clinical trials and prospective or cross-sectional epidemiological studies. These allow meta-analyses to be conducted using all studies and on a common scale. The methods can also be used to produce a meta-analysis of ratios of geometric means when skewed data are reported on the raw scale for every study. We compare three methods, two of which have alternative standard error formulae, in an application and in a series of simulation studies. We conclude that an approach based on a log-normal assumption for the raw data is reasonably robust to different true distributions; and we provide new standard error approximations for this method. An assumption can be made that the standard deviations in the two groups are equal. This increases precision of the estimates, but if incorrect can lead to very misleading results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Role of disability in the association between obesity and unintentional injuries

Background We assessed the mediating role of disability in the association between obesity and elevated injury risk among U.S. white and African American adults. Methods Data from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) were analyzed. Respondents were categorized into 6 groups: underweight (<18.5 kg/m 2), normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m 2), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m 2), obese class I (30.0-34.9 kg/m 2), obese class II (35.0-39.9 kg/m 2), and obese class III (≥40 kg/m 2). Responses to the 12 items in SF-12v2 were used to transform raw scales to the norm-based Physical Component Summary measure (PCS). Disability was defined as having a PCS score below 30 (mean, −2.00 SD). Self-reported unintentional injuries in the past 12 months were compared between respondents with and without disability within each body mass index (BMI) category. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were examined for men and women separately using 3 logistic regression models that considered age, race, education level, poverty status, chronic medical conditions, major injury risk behaviors, obesity, and disability status. Results A total of 31,276 non-Hispanic white and African American respondents reported an injury incidence of 18.6%. Disability correlated with significantly higher injury incidence ( p < .01). Controlling for major sociodemographics, chronic medical conditions, and major injury risk behaviors, we observed a statistically significant association between obesity and injuries (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.06-1.54, for BMI ≥ 40; OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.01-1.23, for BMI of 30.0 to <40) among women; however, this association became nonsignificant after status of disability was considered in the final regression model. This finding was not seen for men. Conclusion The elevated injury risk among white and African American women with extreme obesity was mediated substantially by disability. No such finding was found, however, for men.

Large-Scale Fabrication of Ti&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;AlC&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Powder with High-Purity

A synthesis method of high-pure Ti3AlC2 powder with a large scale was presented as pressureless synthesis using TiC, Ti and Al powders as starting materials at 1300~1450°C in flow Ar. The different raw material scales were tested from 2 g to 1.0 kg, and the results showed that the purities of Ti3AlC2 powders could be kept around 97 wt% at different scales of raw materials. SEM observation and particle size analysis revealed that the synthesized Ti3AlC2 powders were uniform and around 5 μm in particle size. This method can be used for mass production of Ti3AlC2 powders with high-purity.

Determination of the variation in sputter yield in the SIMS transient region using MEIS

The near-surface erosion rate in SIMS depth profiling is significantly different from that in the bulk, and varies with primary ion dose across the transient region in a currently unknown manner. Here, we describe a new method using medium energy ion scattering to measure the transient matrix sputter yield, and hence determine the erosion rate. We demonstrate its use in converting the raw dose and yield scales in a shallow depth profile to depth and concentration. We show that the surface erosion rate may be more than 10 times that in the bulk, and that the ion yield for boron in silicon apparently stabilizes before the sputter yield.

Transformations from adjectives to Scales for the Adjective Check List (ACL): ACLTRANS FORTRAN IV program

The ACLTRANS ANSI FORTRAN IV program transforms the 300 adjectives on the Adjective Check List (Gough, 1950. 1960) into 37 raw and T-standard psychological scales. This program has three advantages over scoring based ob theAdjective Check List Manual (Gough & Heilbrun, 1965, 1980, 1983): ease and speed of computing the raw scale scores; exact partialing of number of adjectives checked from standardized scale scores; and choice of parameter norms for standardization. By using the ACLTRANS program, the researcher can be confident of quick and accurate scoring, as well as appropriate standardization.

Truncated Component Regression, Multicollinearity And The MMPI's Use In A Police Officer Selection Setting

The clinical scales of the MMPI are highly intercorrelated (multicollinear). Theoretical considerations suggest, therefore, that multiple correlations between these scales and criterion measures will be inflated; yet this possible inflation has not been examined empirically in MMPI research. A suggested method for use with multicollinear measures is truncated component regression (TCR). The technique involves use of principal components instead of original raw scales as predictors. Experiment I compared TCR and ordinary least squares regression (OLSR) of MMPI and field performance indices obtained from police officers during training, and in their early years of service. Multiple correlations derived from OSLR were often found to be arithmetically, but not statistically, much larger than TCR-derived multiple correlations. This suggests these OLSR measures are inflated. However, several MMPI-field performance correlations derived from TCR were significant, supporting the use of the MMPI in police selection...