Raw Materials Of Plant Origin Research Articles

Changes in the Bacterial Communities of Biocomposites with Different Flame Retardants.

In today's world, the use of environmentally friendly materials is strongly encouraged. These materials derive from primary raw materials of plant origin, like fibrous hemp, flax, and bamboo, or recycled materials, such as textiles or residual paper, making them suitable for the growth of microorganisms. Here, we investigate changes in bacterial communities in biocomposites made of hemp shives, corn starch, and either expandable graphite or a Flovan compound as flame retardants. Using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), we found that after 12 months of incubation at 22 °C with a relative humidity of 65%, Proteobacteria accounted for >99.7% of the microbiome in composites with either flame retardant. By contrast, in the absence of flame retardants, the abundance of Proteobacteria decreased to 32.1%, while Bacteroidetes (36.6%), Actinobacteria (8.4%), and Saccharobacteria (TM7, 14.51%) appeared. Using the increasing concentrations of either expandable graphite or a Flovan compound in an LB medium, we were able to achieve up to a 5-log reduction in the viability of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, representatives of the Bacillus and Pseudomonas genera, the abundance of which varied in the biocomposites tested. Our results demonstrate that flame retardants act on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and suggest that their antimicrobial activities also have to be tested when producing new compounds.

Development of Beer Mixed Drinks Compositions with “Oat Milk” and Juices

Topicality of the study is due to the current tendencies in the beer market. Low-alcohol beer drinks (beer mixed drinks), which contain raw materials of plant origin that enrich them with useful nutrients and diversify their taste and aroma properties, are becoming more and more popular. Various types of “plant milk” and juices containing useful vitamins and minerals are in great demand among health-conscious supporters. Therefore, researching the properties of low-alcohol beer drinks with “plant milk” and juices is promising. The aim of the article is to elaborate compositions of beer drinks with “oat milk” and juices, to determine their physico-chemical and organoleptic properties, as well as calculate their complex quality indicators. Research methods. To achieve the goal, standard methods of determining organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators of beverages were used, additionally, the method of expert evaluation and the calculation method for defining qualitative and quantitative indicators of drinks were applied. Results. Developed compositions of beer drinks with “oat milk” and juices are opaque homogeneous liquids. The color, taste and aroma of these beverages depend on the ingredients used. Based on the results of calculation of the comprehensive quality indicator, the composition of beer mixed drinks with “oat milk” and apple-blackcurrant, apple-blueberry juices is recommended; physico-chemical indicators are within the following limits: mass content of alcohol – 2.2...3.1%; density – 1062...1072 kg/ m3; active acidity – pH 4.8...5.3. Nutritional value of recommended compositions of beer mixed drinks (g / 100 g of drink): protein content – 0.3...0.4; fat content – 0.8...1.0; carbohydrate content – 5.2...6.1. The energy value of the recommended compositions of beer drinks is 44.5...46.7 kcal / 100 g. Conclusions and discussion. The use of “oat milk” in combination with apple-blackcurrant or apple-blueberry juices for the preparation of beer drinks allows to expand the range of low alcohol drinks and increase their biological value. Elaborated compositions of beer drinks contain vitamins and minerals present in natural juices and “oat milk”. Such drinks are recommended for introduction in restaurants as an alternative to beer; they have a lower alcohol content, original taste and aroma properties.

Establishing the optimal parameters of determining the sicklepod seed germination (Astragalus falcatus Lam.)

Establishing the good quality of the seed material and the sowing qualities of the seeds is one of the important aspects of the successful cultivation of sicklepod. At the same time, control of the seed material of medicinal plants, the requirements of which must be consistent with the international standards and the requirements of the «Guidelines on good cultivation and harvesting practice» (GACP) of raw materials of plant origin is impossible without establishing methods for determining its seed qualities. Special attention in the study of these issues should be paid to the seeds of medicinal plants that are grown in culture for a short time, such as sicklepod (Astragalus falcatus Lam.). It should be noted that germination is a standardised and most important indicator of seed quality, which is the basic indicator for the purchase and sale of seeds and the release of seeds for sowing. After all, germination rate established by the standard ensures normal germination of seeds in field conditions, formation of optimal crop density and crop yield. However the conducted patent search – analysis of scientific literature and regulatory documents – showed that in Ukraine for a wide range of medicinal and essential oil crops, in particular sicklepod, there are no regulatory documents (current standards) on methods of determining sowing qualities and technical conditions for seeds. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to establish the peculiarities of sicklepod seed germination determining using standard procedures and methods that are applied in domestic and international practice. The methodological approaches used for other crops in regulatory documents both in force in Ukraine and abroad were taken into account. The optimal parameters for determining the germination energy and germination rate of sicklepod seeds were experimentally determined. It was established that the optimal substrate is filter paper, and the germination method – on the filter. The optimal temperature regime for germination is variable (+20–30 °C) temperatures. Accounting periods: germination energy – 5 days, germination – 12 days. Key words: sicklepod, sowing qualities of seeds, determination methods, germination, substrate, germination method, temperature regime.

Innovations in cooking technologies using non-traditional raw materiais

The priority direction of the development of food industries of the 21st century is the production of healthy-prophylactic, functional purpose food, which get due to using the innovation technologies and also the use of non- traditional plant raw materials, including the wild plants, with the aim improving the qualitative adequacy of food rations namely ensuring compliance their chemical composition to the physiological needs of human body, improvement of their taste, aroma and other properties. Nowadays, the action of biologically active substances of plant origin for the creation of dishes with a health-improving, preventive functional effect remains insufficiently studied. Therefore, one of new recipes with an improved composition of raw materials, and also using new methods of processing and preparation of products which will allows to keep all nutrients and enriching the body with the necessary nutrients. In this context, in order to expand the range of dishes, we searched for non-traditional raw materials with a significant content of biologically active substances among the biodiversity of the vegetation of the Carpathian region and improved the technologies for the introduction them into Ukrainian cuisine. The properties of non-traditional raw materials of local origin are considered and proposed the priority of directions its use in the development of dishes with health-improving properties for sanatorium – resort complex and restaurants. Changes have been made to innovative manufacturing technologies dishes using traditional vegetable raw materials. Llingonberry and cranberry berries, and green leaves of stinging nettle were used as innovative ingredients taken to improve and expand the assortment of dishes with health-improving properties. Using innovative ingredients with the application of high technologies expands the possibilities of obtaining a technologically new product enriched with biologically active substances, macro- and micronutrients, vitamins, dietary fibers, and other functional additives. The nutritional and biological value of food products using unconventional raw materials of plant origin is given, and the priority directions of its use in the development of dishes with health-improving properties for sanatorium-resort complexes and restaurant establishments of the Western region of Ukraine are proposed.

Modification of QuPPe-PO-Method for the Determination of Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid using High Strength Silica Chromatographic Column

Glyphosate (Gly) is a popular herbicide often used for crop desiccation. The use of glyphosate leads to the contamination of the agricultural products as well as soil, surface and groundwater. For food safety control and environment monitoring, a method developed based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, which allows quantitative determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), without derivatization. The LOQ of Gly and AMPA in raw materials of plant origin is 0.1 mg/kg; LOQ of Gly in water is 0.001 mg/L, AMPA is 0.002 mg/L; LOQ of Gly in soil is 0.02 mg/kg, AMPA is 0.04 mg/kg. Extraction from raw materials of plant origin was performed by acetic acid solution of methanol in water, in the presence of EDTA-Na2 and dichloromethane. Extraction from water was carried out in the presence of EDTA-Na2 and acetic acid. From soil, Gly and AMPA were extracted with 0.1% of ammonia solution. The extracts are purified on OASIS HLB; proteins were precipitated with acetonitrile, an aliquot of the extract was concentrated. The resulting calibration dependence equations were linear and the correlation values (R) were ≥ 0.99. Relative standard deviation values were in the range of 1.77-19.5%, while the recoveries were from 80.5 to 108%.

Constructing a physical-mathematical model of grain mass self-heating by a rod site of rectangular cross-section

This paper considers the issue related to improving the energy and resource efficiency of the process of storing raw materials of plant origin, namely, preventing self-heating of grain masses in elevator silos. It was noted that the effectiveness of the analysis of self-heating of grain mass increases with the use of mathematical models of temperature fields of grain mass during storage together with data obtained experimentally. A physical-mathematical model has been built that describes a two-dimensional localized non-stationary temperature field of seed material generated by a homogeneous rod cell with a rectangular cross-section. A technique for accelerating the convergence of the series is proposed for the constructed analytical solution, which is based on the selection and analytical calculation of the sum of the component of slow convergence. The adequacy of the physical-mathematical model has been proven by calculations and by comparing the temperature of the self-heating site, obtained theoretically, and the temperature obtained under industrial setting. The established temperature kinetics of grain mass volumes during storage, obtained experimentally and theoretically, correlate with each other in the duration range from 0 to 30 days with a correlation coefficient of at least 0.98. This proves the possibility of applying forecasts of the temperature of self-heating sites in the volume of grain mass, obtained by using the physical-mathematical model built, under industrial setting. A limitation of the study is that the model is not universal. It is another stage on the way to a universal model. A limitation of the study is that for storage periods of more than 30 days, a new excess temperature forecast must be made

Assessment of the possibility of using the fruits of the oriental persimo (Diospyros kaki L.) as a source of filter membranes based on the tensor approach

Like all raw materials of plant origin, persimmon fruits are considered a material rich in carbohydrates. This subtropical plant grows almost throughout the entire territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Despite the widespread distribution of this plant in the republic, very few types of products are produced from it. The main reason why persimmon fruits are not used effectively from a production point of view is that they have astringent properties. Since fruit carbohydrates play an important role in eliminating the tart taste of persimmons, the study of the carbohydrate complex was considered as a basic condition. After fractionation of carbohydrates with a water-alcohol mixture, certain stresses arise in the filter residue, which consists of cellulose-lignin. These stresses are analyzed using tensors. It has been established that the size of the filter pores is about 0.005÷0.05 microns, and the volume of these pores is 0.062÷0.195 cm3/g. The clearance coefficient averaged 19.97 %. It is known that the outer layer of a plant cell consists of cellulose and other structural compounds. These substances determine the porosity of the material. The mass fraction of the final product of the fractional residue, more precisely cellulose, averaged 0.63 %. The use of the resulting filter membrane in the clarification of fruit juices has shown its usefulness in industry. It has been established that the selectivity of these membranes for various amino acids is 5÷18 %, and for minerals 1÷30 %. The lipid resistance of the membranes was high. It should be noted that cellulose has the ability to restore its structure and at the last stage acts only as a filter membrane. This explains the usefulness of the cellulose-lignin mixture as a membrane material

Development of a Technology for Protein-Based, Glueless Belevskaya Pastille with Study of the Impact of Probiotic Sourdough Dosage and Technological Parameters on Its Rheological Properties.

The proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in strengthening the immune system. It is an undeniable fact that lactic acid microorganisms are necessary for the proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, the source of which are mainly dairy products. However, there is a problem with the digestibility of lactose; therefore, alternative sources and carriers of probiotics are of particular interest. Due to its dietary and natural properties, protein marshmallow can serve as such a carrier. Therefore, the direction of this study is to identify the dependence of technological factors on the rheological properties of the product and the growth of lactic acid microorganisms in confectionery products enriched with lyophilised strains. According to the results of the study, the following was determined: the optimal technology to produce enriched Belevskaya pastille with a mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus makes it possible to obtain a product with the necessary rheological properties, utilising a mass drying mode in a dehydrator at 50 °C for 16 h. The strains L. acidophilus M3 and L. acidophilus M4 were the most resistant to a high concentration of bile (40%) in the substrate. Based on the analysis of variance and the obtained regression equations, it was revealed that the growth of lactic acid microorganisms in the product was strongly influenced by the amount of ferment introduced (R² = 0.96). The level of penetration is influenced by factors such as the amount of probiotic starter introduced, the drying time and the interaction of drying time factors on the amount of starter added. The higher the level of penetration, the crumblier the product. The resulting functional product can be characterized as symbiotic since the main raw material of plant origin contains a large amount of fibre, which acts as a prebiotic, and the strain of microorganism, which acts as a probiotic. The data described in the article can be applied in the technological processes of similar products to regulate the structure of the product and vary the dosage of enrichment with probiotic starter cultures.

Direct determination of glyphosate and its metabolite in the plant raw material and environmental objects by chromatography-mass spectrometry

Glyphosate is a popular herbicide often used for desiccation of crops. The use of glyphosate-based chemicals leads to the contamination of agricultural products, soils, surface and groundwater. For safety control of raw materials of the plant origin and environmental objects, a technique based on the tandem chromato-mass-spectrometry was developed to provide for the quantitative determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) without prior derivatization. The technique is characterized by a relatively simple and cost-effective sample preparation procedure. The compounds are extracted from plant raw materials with an acetic acid solution of methanol in water, in the presence of 2-aqueous disodium salt of ethylenediamine-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid (EDTA-Na2) and dichloromethane. Extraction of analytes from water samples is carried out in the presence of EDTA-Na2 and acetic acid; whereas their extraction from soil samples is carried out with a weak solution of ammonia. The extracts are purified by solid phase extraction (SPE), and proteins are precipitated with acetonitrile. Linear-dynamic ranges of glyphosate and AMPA determination are characterized by calibration curves with correlation coefficients (R) ≥0.99. The working range of glyphosate and AMPA determination in raw materials of plant origin was from 0.1 to 5.0 mg/kg; in surface and ground water from 0.001 to 0.05 mg/liter (glyphosate) and from 0.002 to 0.05 mg/liter (AMPA); in soils from 0.02 to 0.8 mg/kg (glyphosate) and from 0.04 to 0.8 mg/kg (AMPA). The values of the relative standard deviation range from 1.8 to 19.5%, with recovery levels ranging from 80.5 to 108.1%. The achieved values of the determination limits are consistent with the maximum permissible levels indicated in TR CU 015/2011 and SanPiN 1.2.3685–21.

HPTLC Method Development of Herbal drugs and its Validation: An Overview

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) is the most potent and sophisticated type of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). It uses chromatographic layers with the highest levels of separation, efficiency and employs high-tech equipment for every step of the process, including accurate sample application, standardised reproducible chromatogram development, and software-controlled evaluation. HPTLC is a concept that incorporates both the use of established methodologies for qualitative and quantitative analysis and a widely standardised methodology founded on scientific facts. The resolution can be increased and more exact quantitative measurements, which satisfies all quality standards for today's analytical needs. Development of an analytical technique based on HPTLC and parameter validation in line with practical assessment. It complies with standards while reducing mistakes and inquiries. Quality Control and Quality Assurance of raw materials of Plant Origin can easily and effectively be done qualitative characterization and quantitative determination of mixtures of substances, Chemical Fingerprinting by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. This review article provides fundamental principles, guidance for proper validation practise, aids in selecting the best mobile phase, and clarifies the processes of the analytical process., protocol, separation, resolution, validation process, current advancements, changes made to TLC that led to HPTLC, optimization, process control, automation, and hyphenation.

Medicinal plants of the southwestern part of Belgorod oblast

Monitoring the species diversity of medicinal and aromatic plants contributes to the conservation of the gene pool of natural resources and their rational use. Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been the only source of medicinal raw materials. Despite the intensive development of chemical synthesis, plant resources are in great demand both in the pharmaceutical industry and in the national economy. They serve as a raw material for the production of medicines, pharmaceutical substances, cosmetics and biologically active additives. They are also sources of biologically active substances, objects of introduction and stimulus for the development of medicinal plant breeding and import substitution of drugs of natural origin. The need for medicinal raw materials of plant origin is constantly increasing. Separately, it should be noted that some medicinal and aromatic plants cannot be cultivated due to their biological characteristics. Meeting the needs of the country's population and the needs of the pharmaceutical industry is an important strategic issue. The Belgorod branch of the All-Russian Institute of medicinal and aromatic plants carries out many years of research, which made it possible to carry out ecological and phytocenotic evaluation of the natural plant community and analyze it on the basis of species systematics, to identify the natural potential of the local flora with selection of the most promising species for cultivation under regulated conditions. The raw material base of medicinal and aromatic plants in Belgorod region consists of a fund of raw materials harvested from wild-growing plants and a fund of raw materials collected at the expense of cultivated medicinal plants. Medicinal plants are harvested not only for the pharmaceutical industry and direct sale through pharmacies, but also for the needs of the population.

Extraction, Purification and Characterisation of four new alkaloids from the water plant Pistia stratiotes: POM Analyses and Identification of Potential Pharmacophore Sites

Currently, during the period of intensive development of scientific production, it is important to obtain phytopreparations from sources of raw materials of plant origin. The biological diversity of plants is amazing. The study of the composition of aquatic plants rich in active substances of biotechnological significance is currently an urgent problem. Biologically active substances are involved in various regenerative reactions and metabolic processes in the organism, being part of enzymes. Alkaloids are important nitrogenous compounds found in the plant and are widely used in medicine. The aim of the present study was to identify alkaloid compounds from the composition of the aquatic plant Pistia stratiotes, grown in a model experiment in laboratory conditions by highly effective liquid chromatography and determine the molecular structure by nuclear magnetic resonance. In addition, based on the molecular structure of alkaloid compounds found in the aquatic plant Pistia stratiotes, a study of the properties of pharmaceutical activity was conducted on the pharmaceutical site POM (Petra/Osiris/Molinspiration). According to the results of the study, 4 types of identified alkaloids were identified by the IR, 1H, 13C-NMR method. They: 1-Aza-10-methoxy-4-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroanthracene-9-O-b-D-glucopyranoside, 4,6-dimethoxy-8-prenyloxyfuroquinoline, 4,7-dimethoxy-6 - (3’ - methyl-3’ - methoxy-2 ' - oxy) butyl-oxifuroquinoline , 4,7-dimethoxy-6 - (3’ - methyl-2’ - oxy-3 ' - chlorine)butyloxifuroquinoline. As a result of the analysis of the identified POM alkaloids (Petra/Osiris/Molinspiration), predictions of antitumor activity were made. The presence of a (NHd+--- Od-) moiety indicates a potential antitumor pharmacophore site. The challenge is to verify our hypothesis experimentally and to confront virtual POM data and real anticancer screening.

Biomass-based activated carbons produced by chemical activation with H3PO4 as catalysts for the transformation of α-pinene to high-added chemicals.

In the era of ecology and careful care for the environment, it becomes important to use renewable raw materials of plant origin, which are often more easily available and cheaper. One of the important and rapidly developing directions of research are works related to the use of waste plant biomass; an example of this trend is the production of activated carbons from food industry waste. One of the examples of the application of derived from biomass activated carbons can be using them as catalysts for the isomerization of terpene compounds. Carbons based on waste biomass are characterized by the minimal amount of waste formation during their manufacture, and their use in the isomerization reaction allows to obtain high conversion of organic raw material and high selectivities of transformation to the desired products, making these carbons environmentally friendly substitutes for the catalysts used usually in this process. In this work, obtained carbonaceous catalysts were tested in the process of isomerization of α-pinene to high value chemicals (mainly camphene and limonene). Under the most favorable conditions (activated carbon from sunflower husks content in reaction mixture 5 wt%, temperature 180°C, and reaction time 100min), α-pinene was completely converted (conversion 100mol%) with high selectivity towards camphene (54mol%). To prepare activated carbons, biomass precursors (orange peels, sunflower husks, spent coffee grounds) were activated with 85% H3PO4 through the chemical activation. The obtained materials were characterized by such methods as sorption N2 at - 196°C, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to determine the relationship between their textural-chemical properties and catalysts activity in isomerization process. The synthesized materials were characterized by a specific surface area in the range of 930-1764 m2, total pore volume in the range of 0.551-1.02 cm3/g, and total acid-site concentrations in the range of 1.47-2.33mmol/g. These results showed that textural parameters of the obtained activated carbons have the important role in the isomerization of α-pinene.

Improving the technology of aeration of the food system of mousse at horeca enterprises

There is an interest in sweet dishes such as aerated desserts, which are gaining popularity among consumers. Raw materials of plant origin, used in the technology of aerated products, are intended mainly to improve their quality characteristics. Especially for enrichment with protein substances, micro and macro elements, vitamins, as well as to obtain a product rich in dietary fiber content. In the segment of aerated dessert products, a distinctive feature of which is the multistage of the production process and the need to use special equipment, technologies involve the use of foam and structure-forming food additives. For the formation of a whipped and stable structure, as well as the addition of surfactants that can cover the surfaces of bubbles and prevent their coalescence, food additives of various origins are used. Therefore, it is relevant to investigate the foaming ability and stability of aerated desserts and improve the technological parameters of the processes or foam structures of desserts. It is necessary to take into account the structural and mechanical properties of aerated dessert products, which are the main characteristics of the quality of aerated desserts. Thus, it is relevant to devise technologies for aerated desserts and food additives in their composition, which will serve as a stabilizing agent, as well as a dietary supplement. A recipe for aerated dessert – mousse based on fermented milk cheese with the introduction of a complex additive into the recipe – was developed. The optimal amount of food additive in the composition of aerated dessert, which is 3 % of the recipe composition, has been established, which will ensure the stability of the food system of aerated products, in particular mousses. The influence of the additive on the structural and mechanical properties of the food system of dessert has been investigated. The experimental data could be used for improving technologies for the production of aerated desserts.

Phytoestrogens as Biomarkers of Plant Raw Materials Used for Fish Feed Production.

The intensive use of plant materials as a sustainable alternative for fish feed production, combined with their phytochemical content, which affects the growth and production characteristics of farmed fishes, necessitates their monitoring for the presence of raw materials of plant origin. This study reported herein concerns the development, validation and application of a workflow using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the quantification of 67 natural phytoestrogens in plant-derived raw materials that were used to produce fish feeds. Specifically, we verified the presence of 8 phytoestrogens in rapeseed meal samples, 20 in soybean meal samples, 12 in sunflower meal samples and only 1 in wheat meal samples in quantities enabling their efficient incorporation into clusters. Among the various constituents, the soybean phytoestrogens daidzein, genistein, daidzin, glycitin, apigenin, calycosin and coumestrol, as well as the sunflower neochlorogenic, caffeic and chlorogenic phenolic acids, displayed the highest correlations with their origin descriptions. A hierarchical cluster analysis of the studied samples, based on their phytoestrogen contents, led to the efficient clustering of raw materials. The accuracy and efficiency of this clustering were tested through the incorporation of additional samples of soybean meal, wheat meal and maize meal, which verified the utilization of the phytoestrogen content as a valuable biomarker for the discrimination of raw materials used for fish feed production.

Analysis of the raw material base for pectin production

The addition of pectin to food products is important because this natural polysaccharide plays a key role in improving the quality and stability of the product, it allows for high-quality preservation of products that have a long shelf life, which is important for the health and wellbeing of consumers. The purpose of the study is to investigate the main raw materials of plant origin for the synthesis of pectin, which can be used as a promising raw material for food industry enterprises in Ukraine. The study was carried out using various methods of analysis, a thorough comparative analysis of papers by Ukrainian and foreign researchers, which are published in the scientometric databases Scopus, Web of Science, Journal Citation Reports, Scimago Journal & Country Rank, and Google Scholar. Based on the results of analytical studies, the main raw materials used for the production of pectin and pectin-containing pastes were analysed, and the main problems of the production process were identified. It has been found that adding pectin to food products can have a significant number of benefits: increasing the viscosity of the product, which is useful for creating a thick texture of the product; increasing the resistance of the product to heat treatment, reducing the risk of product separation or quality degradation; increasing functionality; introducing it into products can help improve the consistency and appearance of the product, add taste and color properties, and reduce the amount of sugar that must be added to the product to ensure viscosity and taste. It is established that the main raw material for the production of pectin in Ukraine is apple fruits. It is proven that pectin can be obtained from other fruits, berries, and vegetables, such as gooseberries, currants, cherries, pumpkins, etc. The intensification of the pectin production process should provide the population with a high-quality product that will prevent various types of intoxication by removing radionuclides from the body and contribute to the recovery of people in the post-war period. The practical significance of this study lies in the ability to help manufacturers find optimal sources of raw materials with a high pectin content to ensure the quality of the final product. In addition, this study will also facilitate the development of appropriate technological solutions for the optimal process of producing pectin from the selected raw materials

Особливості росту дволіток веслоноса (Polyodon spathula Walbaum, 1792) в умовах ставового господарства Лісостепу України

Purpose. To investigate the peculiarities of growth of age-1+ paddlefish depending on water temperature and quantitative parameters of zooplankton development in ponds of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Methodology. Age-1+ paddlefish, a North American zooplanktophagus were reared in polyculture with cyprinids in a 72-hectare pond using semi-intensive technology. The stocking density of age-1 paddlefish with an average weight of 86.5 g was 59 fish/ha, with a total stocking density of 2,402 fish/ha for all objects of polyculture. The intensification measures included fertilization of ponds with traditional organic fertilizers and feeding of carp with feed mixtures based on waste from the processing of agricultural raw materials of plant origin. The study of the intensity of development of the natural food supply and physicochemical parameters of water was carried out according to the methods generally accepted in hydrobiology and hydrochemistry. Determination of piscicultural parameters and growth characteristics of age-1+ paddlefish was carried out using methods common in ichthyology based on the dynamics of body weight gains in absolute and relative values. Findings. The conditions of the pond environment during most of the period of rearing of age-1+ paddlefish met the biological requirements of this species. A periodic decrease in the content of oxygen dissolved in water to 3.3-3.5 mgO2/dm3 was noted, which could negatively affect the growth of fish. Water temperature during the fish breeding period varied between 9.8-26.5oC. The average seasonal biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton of the pond was 16.49 mg/dm3 and 3.92 g/m3, respectively, with a predominance of Cladocera and Copepoda (respectively, 61.0 and 34.5% in the average seasonal biomass) in the quantitative composition of zooplankton. As a result, age-1+ paddlefish reached an average weight of 1318.3 g with a fish productivity of 45.6 kg/ha and a total pond fish productivity of 1162.6 kg/ha. Maximum relative weight gains of paddlefish of 4.25–4.37% per day were observed during the first half of the growing season (mainly in June) at a water temperature of 22–25oC during the period of increase in zooplankton biomass from 3.79 to 10.11 g/m3. Originality. New data were obtained on the growth characteristics of paddlefish depending on environmental conditions of the ponds of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Practical value. The study results can be used in the process of improving pond aquaculture technologies in Ukraine. Key words: pond aquaculture, paddlefish, growth, zooplankton, water temperature.

РАЗРАБОТКА НОВОГО НАПИТКА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СЫРЬЯ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ И ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ЕГО ПРИГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

Spinach belongs to leafy vegetables, it is rich in a variety of chemical elements, enriched mainly with wa-ter-soluble vitamins, as well as fat-soluble (E, K, A), especially carotenoids, phenolic compounds, in par-ticular flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol), derivatives patuletin, spinacetin, spinatoside, jaseidin and fla-vone. Of the bioflavonoids, quercetin and rutin can be noted separately, which have antioxidant properties and are capable of being hydrogen donors due to the ortho-hydroxyls of the phenolic ring C. Therefore, spinach is beneficial for the human body. It also has a low-calorie content and is a source of minerals (po-tassium, magnesium, iron, manganese and especially silicon), which are quite stable during heat treat-ment. All this justifies such a large demand for a product that is constantly growing. The purpose of the research is to develop a new drink using raw materials of plant origin. The drink was prepared on the basis of apple raw materials. The constituent components were raspberries and mint leaves. Enrichment was car-ried out by adding spinach, which has a tonic and gel-forming property. Four forms of introducing spinach into the drink recipe were studied: dry and fresh leaves, extracts and juice. The best result was obtained when using leaves that were treated for disinfection with the Anolyte disinfectant by using a Super-Plus household electric water activator. The drink has 28% solids, acidity at pH 5.0. The sedimentation time of suspended particles was 2 hours. The technological process for the production of the drink consists in the processing of spinach and mint leaves, the preparation of apple puree, the combination and grinding of all components, portioning, vacuuming, storage, logistics and sales. The finished drink had the property of a liquid with a constant emerald-colored sediment, with a sweet, berry aroma and taste, and an inhomogene-ous consistency. Contains 2 g of protein, 0.4 g of fat, 27 g of carbohydrates, and an energy value of 120 kcal. The product is low in calories.

The use of regionalized agricultural raw materials of plant origin in the production of the base for enriched combined liver pates

This article presents an overview of materials on the nutritional value of functional foodstuffs in demand in the diet of a modern person, enriched with oil flax seeds and gymnosperm pumpkin pulp. The article presents the results of a study of the quality and nutritional value of seeds of oil flax “Uralsky” and pumpkin gymnosperms grown on the territory of the experimental field of the FSBEI HE “Smolensk State Agricultural Academy”. The method determined the amount of input enriching raw materials for chicken liver bases.The ratio of proteins and fats in chicken liver and this ratio in the combined basis was studied.Improved this ratio and greater compliance with the requirements of a balanced diet.

Adaptation of the method for identification and quantification of sinigrin in mustard seeds

The research is devoted to the study on adaptation, verification and implementation of the method for determining sinigrin in mustard seeds and products of its processing, as well as in other types of food raw materials of plant origin. The relevance of the research is determined, on the one hand, by the need to control sinigrin in the technological processes of mustard processing, and, on the other hand, by the lack of effective standardized methods for determining sinigrin in the Russian Federation. The aim of the research is to modify and (or) adapt the most effective methods for the identification and quantification of sinigrin, presented in the publications of foreign researchers. The objectives of the study included construction of calibration graphs; modification of the sample preparation technique to reduce the complexity and duration of the analysis while maintaining the required parameters of accuracy and reproducibility; adaptation of the analysis method using high performance liquid chromatography; verification and approbation of the proposed method using real production samples, i.e. mustard seeds.High performance liquid chromatography has been used as the basic method.As a result of the research, the sample preparation technique has been modified. It has made it possible to reduce labor intensity and reduce the time for its implementation while maintaining the required metrological characteristics. The calibration dependence has been determined and a method for the identification and quantitative analysis of sinigrin in raw materials of plant origin using a high-performance liquid chromatograph equipped with a diode array and mass spectrometric detectors proposed. As a result of verification, the metrological characteristics of the proposed method have been determined: the measurement range is from 0.0005 to 10%, the accuracy index is ± 0.01%. The method has been tested on real objects, mustard seeds, which are the main sources of sinigrin. The proposed method for the identification and quantification of sinigrin can be recommended for use in research and production laboratories equipped with the necessary measuring instruments and testing equipment.