Rational Organization Research Articles

Aspects of rational organization of labor of medical staff

The introduction of new technologies, new organizational forms in the treatment and diagnostic process, the formation of new views on disease prevention, structural reorganization in healthcare require the development of a modern regulatory framework for labor and its continuous improvement. Target. Definition of aspects of rational organization of labor of medical personnel and their application in the practice of nursing specialists. Results. The main types of activities of nurses of the therapeutic department are analyzed, the working time costs of the nursing staff are studied by means of photo timing and interviewing, a comparative analysis of the workload of nurses per shift and the quality of medical care is carried out. Conclusion. The labor costs of the nursing staff are influenced by many, so-called, standardforming factors, which include: qualification, professional level of a specialist; composition of patients by nosological forms of the disease, severity of the course, presence of complications, concomitant diseases; gender and age composition of patients; intensity of treatment and diagnostic measures, stage of medical care; the procedure for admission of patients to the hospital, etc. The effect of these factors on the relationship between themselves is quite complex, determining the possibility of taking them into account will allow adjusting the number of positions in each division of the healthcare institution based on local conditions, ongoing changes in the composition of those hospitalized, and determining specific workload standards for each employee.

Conceptualizing Global Trends

Numerous publications contain high-quality descriptions of causes, processes, and effects of global trends. However, very few of these publications are theoretically guided or aim at theory building. This is a handicap preventing most publications on global trends from developing high-quality explanations and prognostications. This article contains an attempt at developing a conceptual framework for resolving the issue. The attempt is based on the paradigm of social interaction and includes arguments in favor of four global trends: upgrading the rationality of organizations, individualization, spread of instrumental activism, and homogenization of culture. The decomposition of the trends makes it possible to identify their structures and dynamics. The analyzed examples usually refer to constructive processes and effects. In reality, the global trends are internally controversial and bring about both constructive and destructive processes and effects. The most challenging task for future studies concerns the interplay of the internal dynamics of each global trend with the dynamics of the configuration of global trends. The conceptualization of the dynamic configuration of interacting global trends is the core of the diagnosis of the global situation.

Model of organizing events and gastronomic tourism as a factor in increasing the competitive advantages of tourism in Kazakhstan

This article focuses on the popularization of a new direction in tourism in Kazakhstan – event and gastronomic tourism. This study aims to develop an organizational model and innovative ways to promote event and gastronomic tourism, increasing its attractiveness and the competitiveness of the industry as a whole. The main directions of this article are the development of gastronomic and event tourism in Kazakhstan, identification of resource potential, concepts for promoting a tourist product, based on the development of effective methods and tools, development of an innovative program for the management of ethnic tourism and brand management of tourist destinations, aimed at popularizing domestic and inbound tourism, increasing the recognition of tourist centers in Kazakhstan, creating a positive brand of tourist areas. Solving the problem will contribute to a more rational organization of event and gastronomic tours and increase their economic and social efficiency. According to the “Classifier of tourism destinations in the Republic of Kazakhstan according to industry, subject and object principles” [1], today gastronomic and event tourism are separately distinguished. Promoting a new type of tourism in Kazakhstan can become a direction capable of dynamically developing the cultural environment, enhancing the prestige of national cuisine and gastronomic traditions, contributing to the growth of the attractiveness of regions, and increasing the influx of foreign tourists interested in the thousand-year history of Kazakhstan, with its unique gastronomy based on the simplicity and specificity of ingredients traditional Kazakh dishes. The development of event and gastronomic tourism in Kazakhstan can become a factor that significantly influences the effective development of territories and the cultural environment of society; contribute to the growth of employment and improve the quality of life, and the promotion of this type of tourism can become one of the priority areas for the development of the tourism industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan and increasing its competitiveness. The interdisciplinary nature of the research allows us to consider the issues in the context of historical, socio-cultural, economic, and geographical sciences.

Assessing the Psychological Well-being of Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic, working in any medical organization is associated with the risk of coronavirus infection. This applies first and foremost to specialized medical organizations dealing with the treatment of patients infected with coronavirus. Medical workers experiencing increased psychological stress are at an increased risk of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus while providing medical care. Therefore, studying the psychological states of medical workers – doctors, nurses, orderlies - is of particular importance and relevance. Our research goal is to investigate the psychological responses of medical professionals amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The research focused on the Aktobe Medical Center (AMC), which hosts the regional pulmonology center for COVID-19 patients and the Regional Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital (RCIDH). The study is a selective, single-stage cross-sectional analysis. To assess the psychological reactions of medical workers, standardized questionnaires are used, including the PSM-25, GAD-7, and MFI-20. Statistical analysis of the data is conducted using the STATISTICA 10.0 software package from StatSoft, Inc., USA. An analysis of the research results indicates that medical personnel, nurses, and administrative staff in medical organizations associated with the risk of coronavirus infection are susceptible to adverse psychophysiological disorders. The study revealed that stress levels, anxiety, and asthenia in doctors and nursing staff are significantly higher compared to those in nurses and administrative personnel. Medical workers at risk of COVID- 19 clearly require support measures, as the potential for occupational infection has been definitively established. Additionally, the psychological risk is largely influenced by the nature of their work and their direct contact with the population and patients infected with the coronavirus. Senior and mid-level medical workers at the forefront of combating coronavirus infection is at a high risk of experiencing psycho-emotional and psychophysiological health issues. Doctors and nurses have been found to exhibit high levels of physical and mental asthenia, anxiety, and moderate-to-high levels of stress. Evaluating potential risk factors for psychophysiological disorders among healthcare workers not only provides an objective assessment of their health status, but also aids in the effective and rational organization of their work.

Dynamic spatial–temporal conflict quantification of construction machinery for pouring blocks in arch dams

PurposeThe spatial–temporal conflicts in the construction process of concrete arch dams are related to the construction quality and duration, especially for pouring blocks with a continuous high-strength and high-density construction process. Furthermore, the complicated construction technology and limited space resources aggravate the spatial–temporal conflicts in the process of space resource allocation and utilization, directly affecting the pouring quality and progress of concrete. To promote the high-strength, quality-preserving and rapid construction of dams and to clarify the explosion moment and influence degree of the spatial–temporal conflicts of construction machinery during the pouring process, a quantification method and algorithm for a “Conflict Bubble” (CB) between construction machines is proposed based on the “Time–Space Microelement” (TSM).Design/methodology/approachFirst, the concept of a CB is proposed, which is defined as the spatial overlap of different entities in the movement process. The subsidiary space of the entity is divided into three layered spaces: the physical space, safe space and efficiency space from the inside to the outside. Second, the processes of “creation,” “transition” and “disappearance” of the CB at different levels with the movement of the entity are defined as the evolution of the spatial–temporal state of the entity. The mapping relationship between the spatial variation and the running time of the layered space during the movement process is defined as “Time–Space” (TS), which is intended to be processed by a microelement.FindingsThe quantification method and algorithm of the CB between construction machinery are proposed based on the TSM, which realizes the quantification of the physical collision accident rate, security risk rate and efficiency loss rate of the construction machinery at any time point or time period. The risk rate of spatial–temporal conflicts in the construction process was calculated, and the outbreak condition of spatial–temporal conflict in the pouring process was simulated and rehearsed. The quantitative calculation results show that the physical collision accident rate, security risk rate and efficiency loss rate of construction machinery at any time point or time period can be quantified.Originality/valueThis study provides theoretical support for the quantitative evaluation and analysis of the spatial–temporal conflict risk in the pouring construction process. It also serves as a reference for the rational organization and scientific decision-making for pouring blocks and provides new ideas and methods for the safe and efficient construction and the scientific and refined management of dams.

Institutional Bases for The Formation of the Subject of Aviation Infrastructure Management in the System of Ensuring the Sustainability of the Northern Sea Route

The development of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) infrastructure is one of the priority areas of managerial thought in the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Commercial use of high-latitude caravan routes in the waters of the NSR should significantly change the situation with the organization of logistical maritime flows around the Eurasian continent. Ensuring uninterrupted traffic along with fulfilment of the conditions of urgency of delivery and cargo safety form the category of stability of the NSR functioning. Its northern part runs exclusively in domestic seas, and ensuring regular vessel traffic is Russia’s priority task in the competition for transporting cargo from east to west (and back) by sea. The movement of ships along the NSR falls directly under the authority of the management of Rosatom State Corporation, while the management of the infrastructure that ensures the continuous movement of transport along the NSR is carried out collegially. At the same time, such an important aspect as the management of the infrastructure complex supporting the movement of container ships with transit cargo has been assigned to three components of a single management entity: the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of the Russian Federation for the Development of the Russian Far East and the Arctic, and Rosatom Corporation, without clearly defining the boundaries of responsibility for interdepartmental management decisions. To date, this approach has already caused a series of organizational and technical difficulties. The aim of the study is to identify the rational organization of the infrastructure of the management subject, allowing to ensure the sustainability of the movement of passenger and cargo ships throughout the water area of the NSR; it is based on such scientific methods as induction, systematization, grouping Key results of the work may be in demand both in the course of scientific research in the field of infrastructure development in the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, and in the framework of improving the existing management system of aviation infrastructure of these territories.

Оптимизация параллельной обработки информации в отказоустойчивой вычислительной системе мобильного объекта с временной избыточностью вычислительного процесса

The tasks of effective use of multiprocessor computing systems of mobile objects require rational organization of computing processes on board. The article discusses a parallel computing process with temporal redundancy, which provides for periodic saving of the current state of calculations with the possibility of their restoration in order to ensure fault tolerance. A previously known solution to a specific optimization problem of choosing the frequency of saving the current state of a computing process under conditions of possible failures is briefly analyzed. A new improved method for solving this problem is proposed. Comparative results of its solution in various ways are presented and conclusions are drawn about the advisability of using the proposed approaches.

The classification algorithms to support the management of the patient with femur fracture

Effectiveness in health care is a specific characteristic of each intervention and outcome evaluated. Especially with regard to surgical interventions, organization, structure and processes play a key role in determining this parameter. In addition, health care services by definition operate in a context of limited resources, so rationalization of service organization becomes the primary goal for health care management. This aspect becomes even more relevant for those surgical services for which there are high volumes. Therefore, in order to support and optimize the management of patients undergoing surgical procedures, the data analysis could play a significant role. To this end, in this study used different classification algorithms for characterizing the process of patients undergoing surgery for a femoral neck fracture. The models showed significant accuracy with values of 81%, and parameters such as Anaemia and Gender proved to be determined risk factors for the patient’s length of stay. The predictive power of the implemented model is assessed and discussed in view of its capability to support the management and optimisation of the hospitalisation process for femoral neck fracture, and is compared with different model in order to identify the most promising algorithms. In the end, the support of artificial intelligence algorithms laying the basis for building more accurate decision-support tools for healthcare practitioners.

SIGNIFICANT ELEMENTS OF THE CRIMINALISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FRAUD ON THE INTERNET

This article examines such significant elements of the criminalistic characteristics of fraud on the Internet as traces; the place of fraud; the persons who committed the crime; individual technical characteristics of the crime instrument; the focus of the actions performed; difficulties in identifying the location of the completion of the crime; lack of direct contact between the victim and the perpetrator; features of the transfer of the stolen. The author notes computer and traditional traces as typical traces of modern Internet fraud, defines the place (location) of fraudulent actions on the Internet, provides possible locations, characterizes the personality of the criminal, including, based on the analysis of criminal case materials, typical characteristics of the attacker’s personality when he implements fraudulent actions are noted. The author touches upon the issues of increasing the effectiveness of the investigation of the investigated category of criminal acts, and gives recommendations on the rational organization of the investigator’s actions.

LOGISTICS ASPECTS OF MANAGING FOREIGN TRADE ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES

International logistics is the most important component of foreign trade activities of enterprises. The issue of logistics support of foreign trade activity is becoming the most relevant, since this particular aspect of foreign economic activity of enterprises significantly depends on the rational organization and effective management of the logistics component. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to determine the role of international logistics in the foreign trade activities of enterprises and the aspects of participation of the logistics component in the management system of an entity engaged in international trade.In the course of this study, it is determined that the role of international logistics in the foreign trade activities of enterprises is to increase trade efficiency, manage and reduce costs associated with foreign trade, increase the sustainability of global supply chains and navigate complex international trade rules and customs requirements.REFERENCES Based on the role of international logistics in the field of foreign trade, the most important aspects of the logistics component in the system of management of foreign trade activities of enterprises are identified: transportation, warehousing and inventory management, customs procedures, information technology and its integration into the logistics process, global trade agreements, risk management and sustainable development.Thus, international logistics is a vital component of foreign trade activities, playing a crucial role in improving trade efficiency, managing costs, ensuring supply chain sustainability and navigating a complex regulatory environment. As global trade continues to evolve, businesses must prioritize efficient logistics management to remain competitive and meet the demands of international markets. By leveraging advanced technologies, sustainable practices and strategic partnerships, companies can optimize their logistics operations and contribute to the growth and stability of the global economy

Self-management — independence and personal self-management

Most managers are faced with the question of rational organization of their own work, which will allow them to more effectively perform their official functions, reduce the psychological burden on the manager, and identify the potential of free time. Self-management serves this purpose. Target. To analyze the use of self-management techniques by heads of nursing services in order to improve the organization of their own work. Results. An analysis of the existing self-management skills of nursing service managers was carried out, trigger points in the work organization system and the performance of functional duties were identified. Conclusion. The use of time management by the head of the nursing service made it possible to identify ineffective use of time and reorganize the workday, as well as formulate target planning.

Mathematical model of the rational organization of the information flows processing in aircraft delivery system

Mathematical model of the rational organization of the information flows processing in aircraft delivery system

Labor market: current situation and near-term prospects

The article analyzes the current situation in the Russian labor market, which affects all its participants such as employing organizations and employees of various professions, specialties, and skill levels. All participants of the labor market either justify their expectations or face the need to revise them depending on the influence of various factors. The features of labor conditions that potential employees pay attention to in newly changed conditions have been identified. These include the remuneration size, the possibility of working time rational organization and finding a balance between work time and rest time, the presence of the Diversity, Equity, Inclusion (DIE) concept in the organization environment. The tendencies of jobs creation and elimination in the labor market have been considered. The most rational ways of regulating the jobs number in accordance with the needs of the organization have been shown: job replacement – new high-tech jobs creation while eliminating obsolete existing ones. The skills of workers in high-tech positions that are most in demand from the employers’ point of view have been given. The main trends in the use of young specialists in the in-demand professions market have been considered.

Two-stage problems of optimal location and distribution of the humanitarian logistics system’s structural subdivisions

Purpose. To ensure the rational organization of the evacuation of people from a region affected by an emergency by developing a mathematical and algorithmic toolkit that will allow for the early distribution of transport and material resources, maximizing coverage of the affected areas while minimizing evacuation time. Methodology. System analysis of evacuation processes; mathematical modeling, the theory of continuous problems of optimal partitioning of sets, non-differentiable optimization. Findings. The object of the study is the two-stage evacuation logistic processes that occur when serving the population of areas affected by emergencies of a natural or technogenic nature. The research considers the possibility of optimally distributing human flows within the transportation system, the structural subdivisions of which are first-stage centers (first aid stations that carry out the reception of citizens from areas affected by the disaster) and second-stage centers (specialized units of the emergency aid system that provide further services to the evacuated population). The proposed mathematical model deals with the problem of optimally partitioning a continuous set with the placement of subset centers and additional connections. Methods for its solution have been described. We demonstrate the versatility of these models, as they can be used to describe logistic evacuation processes, organize assembly points, intermediate locations, evacuation reception points, and those providing primary assistance to the affected population. We calculate the appropriate number of essential products and deliver them from existing warehouses through distribution centers to the affected areas. Originality. As preventive measures to increase the level of population safety during an emergency, we consider the optimal placement of rescue facilities and the zoning of the territory to distribute evacuation traffic. We also address the problem of the optimal distribution of human flows in the transport and logistics system. Practical value. The presented models, methods, and algorithms enable the solution of many practical problems related to the development of preventive measures and the planning of rescue operations to ensure the population’s safety in case of emergencies. The theoretical results obtained are translated into specific recommendations that can be utilized when addressing logistical problems related to the organization of primary evacuation of the population from affected areas and their subsequent transportation to safer locations for further assistance.

인공지능에 의한 자동화된 행정결정과 적법절차

With the development of science and technology, the administration is increasing the number of fully automated administrative dispositions by automatic electronic systems without public officials' expressions or intervention based on artificial intelligence algorithms and big data in mass administrative procedures. Article 20 of the Framework Act on Administrative Law Affairs stipulates that fully automated administrative actions can be administered by a fully automated system based on the law, but it is emerging as a legal task for legislators to regulate the requirements and limitations of fully automated administrative actions and securing procedural fairness in individual laws.
 It is also necessary to clarify the distinction between partially automated administrative actions and fully automated administrative actions by artificial intelligence algorithms, and to consider the limitations of automatic administrative decisions in discretionary and judgment areas. The German Federal Administrative Procedure Act does not provide an opportunity for hearings or an explanation of the reasons for disposal for automated administrative actions, and the British Data Protection Act prepares to object to automated administrative decisions.
 In this paper, legislation on fully automated administrative actions under the Federal Administrative Procedure Act in Germany, the Framework Act on Taxes, the Social Security Act, and the Battery Act, legislation on the requirements and procedures of fully automated administrative actions under the Data Protection Act in the UK, the concept of fully automated administrative disposition and the establishment and presentation of administrative agencies stipulated in Spain's 2015 Act on the Legal System of the Public Sector, Galicia's Act on Digital Administration in 2019. By considering the legal principles on the promotion of fully automated administrative decisions under the Act on the Simplification and Organizational Rationalization of Andalusia, it seeks implications for Korea as well as examines the issue of ensuring due process for fully automated administrative decisions. In particular, we discuss the application of the legal reservation principle to fully automated administrative actions by artificial intelligence algorithms, procedural guarantees and procedural fairness for fully automated administrative decisions, transparency and explainability, and algorithmic impact assessment.

Қазақстан Республикасында аңшылық шаруашылығын реттеудің кейбір құқықтық мәселелері

The purpose of the proposed study is to improve the legal support of hunting farms in the Republic of Kazakhstan by studying their current state. The main position of the authors in the article is that the hunting industry should develop as a separate branch of the economy. The animal world permanently or temporarily inhabiting the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the totality of living organisms living in conditions of natural freedom are considered an integral element of the natural environment subject to protection. Hunting is one of the oldest professions of mankind, which has existed for thousands of years and was originally the source of human existence. In the article, by analyzing the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on hunting management, the existing shortcomings are identified and mechanisms for their elimination are proposed. The proposed topic is relevant and meets modern requirements. This is due to the fact that the problem of preserving biological diversity in nature is becoming an urgent problem of our society. Despite new changes in domestic legislation concerning the protection of wildlife, a comprehensive mechanism for animal protection is still considered an open question. The rational organization of the hunting economy should be used as an additional means of protecting the animal world. The authors, conducting research on the features and nature of the development of the hunting industry, proved the need to introduce a national model of the domestic hunting industry. The authors conducted a brief review of the features of the formation of the national institute of hunting economy. The ways of improving national experience are proposed, taking into account the developed hunting experience of foreign countries.

Сучасний стан ринку морських контейнерних перевезень

The aim of this article is to study the dynamics of development of both the global and national market of container transportation. One of the ways to increase the efficiency of transportation is the rational organization of the work of ships, taking into account the needs and requirements of the market, both of service consumers and of the carriers themselves. The increase in demand for container transportation of goods and the rapid growth of the container capacity of container ships led to a change in approaches to the organization of their work. Thus, the number of ports of call on main lines has begun to decrease. In addition, the movement patterns on them have become almost asymmetrical. Individual lines began to serve at their own container terminals in ports of call, or at terminals that have an agreement to serve only their vessels. Vessels with smaller container capacities were pushed onto feeder lines calling at hub ports located at the intersection of main services and regional ports. In addition, there are changes in the structure of cargo flows, the organization of lines, ports of call and cooperation between transportation participants, the division of the global transportation market into segments served by certain operators, changes in the role of hub ports in delivery schemes depending on the corresponding ports of call on the lines and container capacity vessels serving them. These changes occur under the influence of not only the construction of mega-sized ships, pandemics, piracy, military operations and affect not only the economy of a certain country, but also the global economy as a whole, political, social, geographical and transport, ecological and other spheres of human activity. Research of various factors on the changes taking place in the container transportation market will allow predicting and, possibly, leveling the consequences of their influence in the future. Prospects for further research in this direction are the identification of the main reference points at which significant changes in container transportation took place, the identification of factors that had an impact and the modeling of both individual situations and their interaction as a whole.

STUDY OF THE DENSITY OF LOCATION OF CAR SERVICE ENTERPRISES IN NAMANGAN AND THE LIST OF SERVICES OFFERED

The problem of urban transport infrastructure is considered in terms of ensuring the rational organization of vehicle maintenance and repair based on the principle of optimal placement of car service enterprises in urban areas and the list of services offered. Factors have been identified that make it possible to solve the problem of the chaotic location of such enterprises.

The Hegelian Art of the Table of Contents: On the logic, and tradition, of Hegel's organizational practices

Abstract: During the early 19th century, a peculiarly systematic way of organizing books emerged in Germany. This systematization, which purported to be a rational organization of subject matter, was an outgrowth of the philosophy of Hegel. This article attempts to outline Hegel's organizational practice. It argues that Hegel's encyclopedia was a reaction against the Enlightenment encyclopedia, and that it attempted to restore the systematic mindset of pre-modern reference books. Yet it did this, not in a straightforward fashion, but by developing a method for organizing material that both stresses the interconnectedness of knowledge and promises to be highly scalable. In its attempt to trace the Hegelian organizational method, this article revisits and calls attention to a forgotten work in Hegel scholarship by Michael John Petry, who was the first writer to seriously stress the importance of classification in Hegel's work. This article is an attempt to demonstrate that Hegelianism and information organization can be brought into fruitful and mutually beneficial dialogue.

Дослідження відновлення корпусних деталей автомобільних двигунів методом електродугової металізації

Road transport ensures a rational organization of production and transportation of products. The cylinder block is a basic part, mechanisms and engine parts are attached to it. Engine blocks are operated with high loads. Defects arise and develop, which can be eliminated during major repairs. Improving the methods of restoring worn cylinder blocks of automobile engines is an urgent task. The possibility of restoring parts with such defects by gas-thermal methods was considered. The total level of defects that can be eliminated by applying a restorative coating by the method of electric arc metallization is 37%. The analysis of literary sources shows that surfacing and welding methods do not ensure the quality of the restored part. Gas-thermal methods are often used in the process of repairing parts. The most technological and effective is electric arc metallization. Productivity of electric arc metallization can be very high. Operating costs of using electrometallization are small. The equipment is relatively simple. Restoration of parts by electric arc metallization increases wear resistance and durability of the engine. To assess the repeatability of block defects, we analyzed a sample of 20 truck cylinder blocks from different manufacturers. It was established that the resource of the block depends on: wear of the main bearing beds, holes, cracks, damage to the thread and breakage of pins and holes. Laboratory experiments on the application of electroplating coating were carried out on samples of high-strength cast iron. Preparatory processing of samples - shot blasting. Experiments on sputtering of samples were carried out with known powder wires PG-SR4 and PG-SR4+3% Al with a diameter of 2.0 mm. Spraying was carried out with an EM-17 electric arc metallizer. Tests on the adhesion strength of the coating to the base metal were carried out using the adhesive method. From the research results, we can see that the coating applied with PG-SR4+3%A1 wire is destroyed at the joint under a higher load than the corrosion formed by PG-SR4 wire. At the same time, the adhesion strength also exceeds, and is 22.9 MPa. The microhardness of the coating built up with powder wire PG-SR4+3%A1 exceeds the level of microhardness of the surface built up with wire PG-SR4. Microhardness in both cases. decreases with distance from the surface of the deposited layer. Conclusions. From the conducted research, it follows that the electric arc restoration does not have a thermal effect on the part, provides high adhesion strength of the applied layer, which prevails over the majority of traditional methods of restoration of parts. In addition, the method of electric arc metallization is characterized by low energy consumption, small-sized and mobile technological equipment. Therefore, there is a need to continue the research of electric arc metallization in the restoration of worn surfaces of car parts.