Rationale For Rules Research Articles

Conceptualizing maternal and paternal autonomy support and control among adolescents in Hong Kong.

This study examined how parental autonomy support and control are conceptualized by adolescents in Hong Kong (Grades 7-11) using the Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale. Competitive models were evaluated using confirmatory factor analyses. Although the 6-factor model demonstrated the best fit, further analyses indicated that a second-order structure was more appropriate. Provision of choice, acknowledgment of child's feelings, rationale for rules, and demands subsumed under autonomy support. Guilt-inducing criticisms and the use of threats subsumed under control. Performance pressure emerged as a first-order construct on its own. Measurement invariance was evident across adolescent gender and age. All subscales had adequate to strong reliability. Discriminate validity was evident. Findings offer insights into the conceptualization of autonomy support and control in Hong Kong.

Rule of Law Today

Witnessing the actual Trump presidency, one searches for conceptual tools to document US decline. The World Justice Project (WJP) comes to mind, attempting to measure Rule of Law (RL) comparatively. The WJP presents interesting findings for 2017-2020. Canada ranks higher than USA. Venezuela is bottom 128 country. Rationale of rule of law?

Bucking the system: Mitigating psychiatric patient rule breaking for a safer milieu

This article examines patients' understandings of rule breaking in the hospital setting. This work is important to inpatient psychiatric nursing because considering patients' perspectives about their own rule breaking can help nurses provide more therapeutic and safer patient care. The study finds that rule breaking behaviors are often a manifestation of patient resistance to institutionalization and loss of power. These behaviors are also related to nursing practice, as patients closely observe staff and look for gaps in the system to get away with or circumvent the rules. These findings suggest rule breaking behaviors can be reduced not by trying to further curtail the patient's autonomy but, rather, by changing the rules and/or how they are administered by staff to accommodate patients' perspectives and needs for freedom. Also, nurses must be clear in communicating with patients about the rationale for rules, and be consistent in how they enforce them.

Comparing the contribution of overall structure and its specific dimensions for competence-related constructs: A bifactor model

Through structure, parents provide information that makes their children’s environment predictable, thereby contributing to the satisfaction of their need for competence. More recently, researchers have proposed that within parental structure, it is possible to identify six specific dimensions: clear and consistent rules, guidelines, and expectations; predictability; information feedback; opportunities to meet expectations; rationales for rules and expectations; and authority (Farkas & Grolnick, 2010). Because past studies typically assessed one or two of these dimensions, we do not know how useful adding other dimensions would be for predicting constructs related to competence satisfaction. The goal of this one-year prospective study was therefore to determine if including all dimensions of parental structure would improve the prediction of students’ competence-related constructs. The sample included 378 adolescents (53% girls) who completed a survey assessing the six dimensions of parental structure (Time 1) and competence-related constructs (academic achievement and adjustment, vocational efficacy and self-concept; Time 2). Using exploratory structural equation modeling, we tested a bifactorial model of structure, which allowed comparing within a single model the contribution of global structure to that of its underlying dimensions. Results supported the utility of considering all indicators of parental structure, without needing to discriminate among those relating to a specific dimension. Indeed, the global factor was a stronger predictor of constructs, compared to specific dimensions. Implications for research on motivation and parenting are proposed.

Rationales and argument moves

We discuss five kinds of representations of rationales and provide a formal account of how they can alter disputation. The formal model of disputation is derived from recent work in argument. The five kinds of rationales are compilation rationales, which can be represented without assuming domain-knowledge (such as utilities) beyond that normally required for argument. The principal thesis is that such rationales can be analyzed in a framework of argument not too different from what AI already has. The result is a formal understanding of rationales, a partial taxonomy, and a foundation for computer programs that represent and reason with rationales. The five kinds of rationales are as follows: (c)ompression and (s)pecialization, which yield rules, and (d)isputation, which yields a decision. These are modeled as potentially changing the focus of the dispute. Then there are (f)it, a rationale for rules, and (r)esolution, a rationale for decisions. These cannot be modeled as simply; they force disputation to a meta-level, at least temporarily. The paper first discusses each kind of rationale in the abstract. Then it produces a model of dispute in which the simpler rationales can be analyzed. Formal examples are given. The model is augmented to allow analysis of the more difficult rationales. Examples are again given. The discussion is not intended to be strictly mathematical; rather, it aims to use formal methods to illuminate and provide framework for future interpretation and implementation.

Family Environment Factors and Children's Knowledge of Rules and Conventions

JOHNSON, JAMES E., and MCGILLICUDDY-DEUSI, ANN. Family Environment Factors and Children's Knowledge of Rules and Conventions. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1983, 54, 218-226. The relationships among socioeconomic status, family constellation, parental practices, and preschool-age children's awareness and rationales for rules and conventions were investigated. Children's knowledge of rules and conventions was related to social class variables, but parental behaviors were predictive of children's level of knowledge above and beyond demographic characteristics. Affective feedback behaviors from parents were predictive of child outcomes, suggesting that early socialization modes consistent with social learning theory are more appropriate at the preschool age than parental induction or distancing techniques that are directed at the child's cognitive processes.

Sir Matthew Nathan: British Colonial Governor and Civil Servant

Sir Matthew Nathan: British Colonial Governor and Civil Servant