Rational Decision-making Style Research Articles

Manager's Decision-Making Styles: A Case Study On Family Enterprises

The personality traits of the managers, their perception styles, management approaches and the way they evaluate the events can affect their decision-making styles. However, it is known that managers generally prefer one of the intuitive or rational decision forms in the management process. This study aimed to examine managers' decision-making behaviors within the rationality and heuristics framework. The research is designed as a case study, one of the qualitative research designs, as it aims to examine the decision-making styles of the managers in family businesses and which rational or intuitive decision-making style they prefer. The research sample was determined according to the purposive sampling technique and includes 19 family business managers. Research data were collected from 19 family business managers operating in different fields with the help of a semi-structured interview form. The collected data were analyzed according to qualitative content analysis. According to the research findings, managers use all rational, limited rational or intuitive decision-making types in their decision processes. Participants stated that the conjuncture and their way of evaluating events determine the decision-making process. The research results show that perceiving and evaluating the conditions in the decision-making process affects the decision-making process. This result shows that decisions are made depending on the perception of events and personality traits. This situation is critical because it shows that decisions are made according to factual/rational processes and subjective and perceptual processes

Do Decision-Making Styles Predict Vagal Control? The Role of Resting Heart Rate Variability.

Decision-making styles are a habit-based propensity that drive behavior and affect daily life. Rational and intuitive decision-making styles have been associated with good mental health. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. In the last decade, high basal levels of heart rate variability (HRV) have been proposed as an index of health and emotional control, and this could be one of the variables involved in the effects of decision making on health. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the capability of decision-making styles to predict resting HRV. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 199 (119 women) young university students, and a resting ECG was recorded to extract frequency domain HRV variables. Subsequently, participants completed sociodemographic data and the General Decision-Making Style questionnaire (GDMS). Results showed that the intuitive style predicted high-frequency HRV, while the avoidant style predicted less low-frequency HRV. This study presents new data on the relationship between decision-making style and HRV, suggesting that the intuitive style has a cardioprotective effect, while the avoidant style is related to lower HRV, which has been associated with health vulnerability. In conclusion, this study contributes to the understanding of HRV and its potential as a biomarker for cognitive styles that may improve health.

Psychographic segmentation of multichannel customers: investigating the influence of individual differences on channel choice and switching behavior

This study investigates the role of individual differences in channel choice and switching behavior in a multichannel environment using latent class analysis on data from 1512 customers. Psychographic variables from five domains (risk attitudes, cognitive ability, motivation, personality, and decision-making style) serve as covariates for multichannel customer behavior. We identify six segments that differ significantly on six psychographic variables (readiness to take risks, need for cognition, autotelic and instrumental need for touch, and rational and intuitive decision-making styles). The results advance the theory-building of multichannel customer behavior and present insights for proactively managing customer journeys of distinct segments.

Relationship between open innovation decision-making and behavioural strategy

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate how decision-making styles affect open innovation in the hospitality industry and whether behavioural strategies have any impact on this relationship. Survey data from 204 managers were analysed using the PLS-SEM method. The results demonstrate the effects of rational and intuitive decision-making styles on open innovation. It was observed that managers with either rational or intuitive decision-making styles were more likely to engage in open innovation. In contrast, objective decision making has an adverse impact on open innovation. Furthermore, most managers opt for the anticipation strategy in behavioural decision making. The relationship between decision-making styles and open innovation was not moderate by any other behavioural decision-making tendencies. The study eventually provides implications for the literature and practice.

Is There a Relationship Between School Principals' Learning Agility and Decision-Making Styles? The Effect of Gender as a Moderating Factor

Leaders with ever-evolving learning agility demonstrate high performance by making quick and better decisions in the face of uncertain situations. This study aimed to determine the relationship between school principals' learning agility and decision-making styles and the moderating role of gender in this relationship. The research is carried out according to the relational survey model. SPSS Process Macro software was used to examine the regulatory role. The study group for the research consists of 383 school principals and vice principals working in Istanbul. According to the findings, the highest correlation was found between learning agility and rational decision-making style. Again, the results of the research concluded that learning agility has a positive effect with an intuitive, dependent decision-making style and a negative effect with an avoidant decision-making style. In addition, the moderating role of gender was determined between learning agility and avoidant decision-making style.

The mediating role of decision-making styles in the relationship between morningness-eveningness preference and gambling involvement

It has been reported that evening-types are related to several risk-taking behaviour, including gambling. Both morningness-eveningness preference and gambling disorders have been associated with specific decision-making styles. The present study aimed to assess the relationship among morningness-eveningness preference, gambling disorder, and decision-making styles. Three-hundred and seventy-four volunteers (31.93 ± 12.75 years; 43.30 % males) completed the reduced version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, the General Decision-Making Style inventory, and the South Oaks Gambling Screen. The results showed that evening-types reported higher scores on the gambling severity especially for men, as well as on the Spontaneous decision-making style, whereas morning-types scored lower on the gambling severity and higher on the Rational decision-making style. The correlation analysis showed the associations between morningness-eveningness preference and gambling severity, Rational and Spontaneous styles, as well as the associations between gambling severity and Rational, Avoidant and Spontaneous styles. Mediation analysis demonstrated that morning-types were more rational, and, in turn, the Rational scale was negatively associated with SOGS. The analysis also showed that evening-types were more avoidant in their decision-making styles, and, in turn, this tendency to avoid decision-making significantly predicted gambling severity. The results are discussed with reference to circadian phase (and its changes) and amplitude.

Prediction of Loneliness Based on Decision-Making Styles in Couples with the Mediation of Social Support

Objective: This study aimed to predict feelings of loneliness based on decision-making styles in couples, mediated by social support. Methods and Materials: The research was correlational in nature. The study population consisted of couples attending counseling centers in District Four of Tehran in 2021. The sample size was determined to be 250 individuals, selected through stratified random sampling. Data collection tools included: the Russell Loneliness Scale (1978), the Scott and Bruce Decision-Making Styles Inventory (1995), and the Zimet et al. Social Support Scale (1988). Statistical methods used descriptive statistics, SPSS software, path analysis, t-tests, Sobel test, and PLS software. Findings: The results indicated that rational and intuitive decision-making styles were positively related to social support, while dependent, spontaneous, and avoidant decision-making styles had an inverse relationship with social support. There was a negative relationship between rational and intuitive decision-making styles and feelings of loneliness, and a direct relationship between dependent, spontaneous, and avoidant decision-making styles and feelings of loneliness. Conclusion: Decision-making styles were predictors of feelings of loneliness. Additionally, social support played not only a mediating role but also amplified the relationship between decision-making styles and feelings of loneliness.

Factors Affecting the Decision-Making Styles of Branch Managers in Private Sector Banks

, Amidst a global recession, private banks grapple with challenges. This study has aimed to identify decision-making styles of 72 branch managers in five private sector banks of Sri Lanka, assessing the impact of perceived stress, self-efficacy, and heuristics. Results (using Multinomial logistic regression and correlation analyses), reveal a predominant rational decision-making style. The gender of the individual and the level of experience of managers in the banking sector, indicates a significant impact on the spontaneous decision-making style. Branch managers’ perceived stress positively correlates with dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous styles (p < 0.01). It negatively correlates with rational decision-making style. Self-efficacy significantly affects all decision-making styles (p < 0.05), excluding the rational style of decision-making. Availability heuristic significantly affects rational style (p < 0.05). Identifying decision-making styles aids tailored training and enhances strategic decision-making in organizations during challenging economic times.

Analyzing correlations between approaches to analyzing decision-making styles

Descriptive decision-making theories center on the analysis of individuals' decision-making styles (DMSs). Different approaches have been used to study DMSs, but this study focuses on two approaches: those of (1) Scott & Bruce and (2) Rowe. Scott & Bruce categorizes DMSs into rational, intuitive, dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous, whereas Rowe delineates them into analytical, behavioral, conceptual, and directive. Previous studies have independently used these approaches to identify dominant DMSs or to establish correlations between DMSs and various personal characteristics. In this study, both DMS approaches were concurrently used to examine their correlations. The sample comprised 263 students, and correlation analyses were conducted on the entire dataset and its subsets while considering different characteristics (i.e. students' gender and study program, and the data collection timeframe). Multivariate correlation, along with descriptive statistics, was employed to investigate the correlation between the two approaches. The analysis revealed a positive correlation between the behavioral and dependent styles and a negative correlation between the avoidant and analytical styles. Additionally, the examination of the dominant and submissive styles indicated a significant connection between the analytical and rational DMSs. Overall, the two approaches exhibited weak connectivity. For a more comprehensive understanding of decision-makers' behavior and enhanced predictive capabilities, the concurrent application of the two approaches is imperative.

Measurement of Beta and Theta Brain Wave Coherence with Cardiac Wave Rhythm in Managers with Rational Decision-Making Style Based on Emotional Intelligence through ERT Cognitive Task

Objective: Since human life and society depend on brain functions, our understanding of the brain and mind can significantly impact all dimensions of human life. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the coherence of brain waves (EEG) and cardiac wave rhythms (HRV) based on neuroscientific and neurocardiology principles. Methods and Materials: This research utilized an experimental design, specifically a quasi-experimental approach without a control group, and was applied in nature. The statistical population consisted of managers (90 individuals) from both public and private sectors in Gilan Province in 2022. From this population, 30 individuals were randomly selected. Their brain waves and cardiac rhythms were simultaneously recorded in both resting and decision-making states from the CZ region of the brain and triangular regions around the heart using the ProComp 2 neurofeedback tool while performing the emotional intelligence assessment test. The research instrument included the ERT cognitive test (Emotional Recognition Task) designed by Cambridge University in 1980 and administered through the Cantab software and BioGraph Infiniti version 0.6 software. For the purposes of this study, the cognitive task was provided to participants via software. The data were analysed using analysis of variance and mean comparison test via SPSS-26. Findings: The correlation test of brain waves and cardiac waves in resting and cognitive task states showed significant differences. No coherence between EEG and ECG was observed in the resting state compared to the cognitive task state. Conclusion: The results indicate that changes in brain waves and cardiac waves, and the coherence between these waves, vary among managers with similar decision-making styles. These variations depend on the environmental, mental, and emotional conditions of the individuals.

The Sustainability of Emotional Intelligence and Decision-Making Flair by Financial Investors Through the Mediating Role of Coachability

Abstract Research background Investors today are more inclined towards a financial market that increases their knowledge and excess involvement. It is often observed that they are extensively emotionally involved, that impact financial investors’ investment decisions. It is observed that investors always seek guidance from an expert to invest in more appropriate products and services. This guidance and support lead to reaching the ultimate satisfaction of the participants. Purpose: This paper aims to examine the potential mediating role of investor coachability and its impact on financial investors’ emotional intelligence and decision-making styles. Research methodology The structured questionnaire was circulated among 106 respondents, of which 102 useful responses were considered. This research used validated scales of the Coachability Quotient questionnaire and the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT). The study has applied multiple regressions to predict rational decision-making and intuitive decision-making style through emotional intelligence and coachability as mediators. Results The results have found that emotional intelligence has a significant positive linear effect on coachability, with a positive direct impact on intuitive decision-making style. It was also found that emotional intelligence was found to have a significant positive direct effect on intuitive decision-making style and a negative linear direct effect on avoidance decision-making style. Novelty This research was to introduce the idea of incorporating behavioural finance or financial coaching as standard practice and to help investors learn to cope with the ever-increasing demands of the financial markets.

Tolerance of ambiguity is not related to decision-making styles in undergraduate nursing students

Relationships of tolerance of ambiguity, decision-making style, risk-taking behaviors, and the use of supportive and complex care in end-of-life scenarios was investigated in this descriptive correlational study of 377 undergraduate nursing students. The mean for rational decision-making style was 2.332 (agree), while the overall mean for intuitive decision-making was 2.406 (range = 2.37 to 2.489) among all students although higher among sophomore students (2.489, SD = 0.655). The median tolerance of ambiguity scores was higher for juniors and seniors (9.00) compared to sophomore students (8.00). Intuitive decision-making was not associated with level of education. There was no statistically significant correlation between decision-making style and tolerance of ambiguity although there was a negative correlation between intuitive decision-making and tolerance of ambiguity (rs = -0.031, p = .547). Additionally, there was a negative small correlation between rational decision-making and tolerance of ambiguity (rs = -0.040, p = .441). Finally, there was a small statistically significant correlation for supportive care for vignette 1(rs = 0.119, p = .021). All correlations between intuition decision-making and supportive care were low (rs = –0.067-0.119). In conclusion, decision-making style was not related to supportive care. Although intuitive decision-making style was used more frequently by sophomores, there was no statistically significant difference between level of education and decision-making style or tolerance of ambiguity.

I am therefore, I do: a fit perspective of decision-making styles and business intelligence usage

ABSTRACT Individual differences affect how Business Intelligence (BI) systems are used and utilised. Decision-making styles which were regarded as learned habits of how individuals make a decision were believed to be described by two main important aspects including information use and focus are chosen as individual differences in this research. Two view of fit were drawn from the theory to explain how individual differences predict BI usage; Fit as Matching and Fit as Moderation. A total of 122 valid responses were collected. The results of empirical data analyses show that only the rational decision-making style and BI usage is found to be fit as matching. When taking a fit perspective as moderating, the analyses show interesting results. Computer self-efficacy was found to positively moderate the relationship between the avoidant decision-making style and BI usage. Task equivocality was also found to positively moderate the relationship between the spontaneous decision-making style and BI usage. The findings imply different alternative actions for organisation to motivate the use of BI system for individuals with different decision-making styles.

Examination of Sports Self-Regulation, Motivational Determination, and Decision-Making Styles in University Students

The aim of this research is to examine the sports self-regulation skills and decision-making skills of students studying at sports science faculties. The study was carried out with a sample group of 224 volunteer participants from Aydın Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Sports Sciences. 35.7% (n=80) of the participants were women and 64.3% (n=144) were men. In the study, it was collected with the "Sports Self-Regulation Scale" to measure sports self-regulation skills, the "Motivational Determination Scale" and the "Rational and Decision-Making Styles Scale" to measure decision-making skills. In the analysis of the data, mean, standard deviation, minimum-maximum-median were calculated from descriptive statistics. Mann Whitney U was used in intergroup comparisons and Spearman Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between variables. Linear regression analysis was performed with the variables found significant in univariate analyses. According to the results obtained, students' sports self-regulation skills predict their motivational determination. Again, students' sports self-regulation skills predict both rational decision-making and intuitive decision-making styles. While women have a more intuitive decision-making style than men, men have a more rational decision-making style than women. According to the data obtained in the research, it is recommended that self-regulation trainings should be conducted to improve students' decision-making skills.

Analysing the Level and Relation between the Reasoning Ways, the Social Problem Solving, the Rational and Intuitive Decision Making Skills of in-Service and Pre-Service Teachers

This research is to determine the level of reasoning, social problem solving, rational and intuitive decision making skills of teachers and pre-service teachers. And at the same time, it is to reveal how the relationship between these skills is. The research was carried out in quantitative method and correlational survey model. The sample of the research consists of 529 teachers, 415 women and 114 men that using convenience sampling method, working in public and private schools in different cities of Turkey. And 391 teacher candidates, 303 female and 88 male, who are students of education faculties in different cities of Turkey, were reached. Thus, a total of 920 participants were included in the sample. The Reasoning Ways Scale, the Revised Social Problem Solving Inventory Short Form, and the Rational and Intuitive Decision-Making Styles Scale were used as data collection tools in the study. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, t-test, Mann-Whitney U, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Bonferroni and Spearman Correlation were used. The results of the study showed that teachers and pre-service teachers use reasoning ways at a “good” level. It was understood that "Verbal" and "Analogical" sub-dimensions of reasoning ways were preferred by both groups at a very good level. It has been understood that teachers and pre-service teachers use their "rational decision making" skill at a very good level and both groups use their "intuitive decision making" skill at a moderate level. Social Problem Solving Skills of teachers and pre-service teachers were found to be at a “good” level. As a result of the correlation analysis, a positive correlation was found with the positive and interrelated variables and sub-dimensions. Negative relationships were also found in the negative sub-dimensions. The results obtained regarding all the variables and sub-dimensions of the study supported each other. Keywords: Pre-Service Teacher, In- Service Teacher, Reasoning Ways, Social Problem Solving, Intuitive Decision Making

"Help Me Control My Impulses!": Adolescent Impulsivity and Its Negative Individual, Family, Peer, and Community Explanatory Factors.

The literature shows that impulsivity, prevalent in adolescence, is negatively linked with a variety of psychosocial factors (e.g., positive interpersonal relationships, emotion regulation); however, there is limited research examining the relative contribution of multiple factors for this trait nor exploring how these factors influence the associations between impulsivity and risk-related outcomes. Drawing on multiple components of the unified theory of development (i.e., psychological variables, peers subsystem, community subsystem, family processes subsystem), this cross-sectional study aims to identify explanatory psychosocial variables (i.e., early memories of warmth and safeness, rational decision-making style, resilience, emotion regulation, coping, parental attachment, social group attachment, satisfaction with school and family-related variables) that are negatively related with impulsivity, in younger (13-15) and older (16-19 years) adolescents, and explore their moderating role in the associations between this trait and some risk-related outcomes (i.e., verbal aggression, anger, self-harm, other high-risk behaviors). A representative sample of 6894 adolescents (52.9% female) living in the Azores (Portugal), with ages ranging from 13 to 19 (M = 15.4), was used. Two stepwise multiple regressions, one for each age group, revealed that only emotion regulation, parental attachment, and social group attachment had a negative effect on impulsivity in both age groups; additionally, satisfaction with teachers also had this effect in younger adolescents. The first three variables weakened the positive associations between impulsivity and the risk-related outcomes. These results suggest that the psychological system and all subsystems of the social context measured play a relevant role in explaining adolescent impulsivity and that it may be reduced by promoting emotion regulation, positive parenting practices, healthier relationships with peers, and healthier relationships with teachers.

Self-Awareness of Goals Task (SAGT) and Planning Skills: The Neuroscience of Decision Making.

A goal's self-awareness and the planning to achieve it drive decision makers. Through a neuroscientific approach, this study explores the self-awareness of goals by analyzing the explicit and implicit processes linked to the ability to self-represent goals and sort them via an implicit dominant key. Thirty-five professionals performed a novel and ecological decision-making task, the Self-Awareness of Goals Task (SAGT), aimed at exploring the (i) self-representation of the decision-making goals of a typical working day; (ii) self-representation of how these goals were performed in order of priority; (iii) temporal sequence; and (iv) in terms of their efficacy. Electrophysiological (i.e., alpha, beta, and gamma band), autonomic, behavioral, and self-report data (General Decision Making Style and Big Five Inventory) are collected. Higher self-awareness of goals by time as well as efficacy and the greater activation of alpha, beta, and gamma bands in the temporoparietal brain area were found. Correlations reported positive associations between the self-awareness of goals via a time and dependent decision-making style and a conscientious personality, but also between the self-awareness of goals via an efficacy and rational decision-making style. The results obtained in this study suggest that the SAGT could activate recursive thinking in the examinee and grasp individual differences in self-representation and aware identification of decision-making goals.

A contribute to the default-interventionist and parallel accounts in deductive reasoning. The effect of decisional styles on logic and belief

Classical theories of reasoning equate System 1 with biases and System 2 with correct responses. Refined theories of reasoning propose the parallel model to explain the two systems. The first purpose of the present article is to give a contribution to the debate on the parallel and default-interventionfist models: we hypothesized when logic and belief conflict both logical validity and belief judgments will be affected with greater level of response errors and/or longer response times. The second purpose of this article is to assess the relationship between decisional styles and performance in deductive reasoning. Seventy-two participants participated in the experiment and completed 64 modus ponens and modus tollens syllogistic reasoning tasks. Accordingly, we found that belief and logic judgments were affected by the conflict condition, both in easy syllogisms (i.e., modus ponens) and in complex syllogisms (i.e., modus tollens). Findings showed also that participants with a rational decision-making style were more strongly influenced by logic than belief, whereas those with an intuitive decision-making style were more strongly influenced by belief than logic.

Examining the decision-making style of managers and its effectiveness in the country's insurance industry

Undoubtedly, the main essence of any organization is the managers of that organization, and their decision-making has a significant impact on the movement and progress of organizations and forms the main foundation of the organization. The decision-making style of managers in the insurance industry is not only part of the vital pulses of this industry and insurance companies, but with these decisions facing a new cycle of the economic situation and the growing attitude of digitalization and developments, the importance and attention to this the issue has been noticed before and the future of insurance companies is influenced by the decision-making process of managers and determines its growth or decline. Therefore, in this regard, our hypothesis originates from the fact that the effectiveness of these decisions is so effective that it determines the achievement or non-achievement of the organization's mission, and we believe that in this article while taking a general look at the views of elders and let's examine the decision-making styles of managers and the effectiveness of general decision-making styles in the country's insurance industry. For this purpose, a sample consisting of 74 managers of the country's insurance industry was formed in 2022-2023 at different levels. And the sampling method is the general decision-making styles questionnaire of GDMS Scott and Bruce, 1995, according to the test reliability and validity of sample data and related analyzes based on the approach and effective performance of the decision-making style, which is considered a valid tool in this field. The results obtained in the insurance industry are the result of the insurance industry managers using Intuitive and rational decision-making styles are more confident in their decisions than dependence and avoidance styles, although with the rise of organizational levels, due to the type of facing the issues, these decisions become preferable with an immediate approach.

Decision-Making Styles and Managerial Creativity of Nursing Managers in Saudi Arabia: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study.

(1) Background: Nursing managers as responsible personnel are required to think outside the box in order to make useful decisions using an appropriate style in a creative manner. This study aims to investigate the relationship between nursing managers' decision-making styles and managerial creativity. (2) Methods: A multi-center cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 245 managers in five large government hospitals using self-administered questionnaires on managerial creativity and general decision-making styles. (3) Results: A significant relationship was found between rational, avoidant, and dependent styles and total managerial creativity. A positive correlation was present between the rational style and total managerial creativity and a negative correlation was found between avoidant, dependent, and spontaneous styles and total managerial creativity. According to a regression analysis, the rational style has a positive effect on managerial creativity, whereas the dependent and avoidant styles have a negative effect. (4) Conclusions: The majority of nursing managers in various hospitals throughout the kingdom are creative and almost all use rational and dependent decision-making styles, which are significantly related to managerial creativity. Thus, it is important to continue to conduct training programs on decision-making styles, especially the rational, dependent, and avoidant styles, for the top-, middle-, and low-level managers.