Ration Shop Research Articles

On Examining Residential Segregation in Rural Gadag, Karnataka, India: The Case of the Banjara Tandas.

Residential segregation of settlements on caste lines is common across Indian villages. Banjara settlements or tandas are an extreme form of residential segregation, rooted in colonial history and India's complex caste system, and an outcome of structural discrimination. This analysis examines the structural discrimination of tandas in the distribution of various infrastructure and compares it with the villages in proximity to it. A cross-sectional comparative study of infrastructure was conducted in Banjara tandas and villages in Gadag district, Karnataka, India. Composite scores were computed for various infrastructure and discriminant analysis done to classify tandas and villages. The villages have better physical infrastructure such as paved roads, multiple water supply sources, and better drains and amenities such as the community water filter, ration shop, veterinary center, milk society, banks, post office, and health facilities compared to tandas. Discriminant analysis indicated that social infrastructural indicators of health and education (Discriminant function coefficient -0.8689), followed by transportation (Discriminant function coefficient -0.3576) and water supply (Discriminant function coefficient -0.2939), are the most significant discriminating factors between tanda and villages. This disadvantage indicates structural discrimination that is a continuation of the stigma and labeling perpetrated upon them historically and the complex caste system in Indian societies.

Smart Ration Distribution System Using RFID or Biometric

Abstract: Smart Ration Distribution System is one of the widely controversial issues that involve malpractice. The manual intervention in weighing of the materials leads to inaccurate measurements and/or it may happen, the ration shop owner illegally uses consumer materials without prior knowledge of ration card holders. The proposed system aids to control malpractices which are present in ration shops by replacing manual work with automatic systems based on RFID or biometric. Every consumer i.e., family head provided RFID card which acts as ration card. The RFID card has a unique identification number. The consumer scans the card on an RFID reader which is interfaced with a microcontroller kept at a ration shop or has to scan his finger at the fingerprint scanner to get his identity or details. Once the consumer is validated by details, the system automatically activates appropriate circuitry and the consumer gets material by weighing on the load cell and confirmation will be given by pressing a small push button. The same information will be transmitted to the head of family member mobile number.

A Design Framework for Smart Ration Shop Using Blockchain and IoT Technologies

The Public Distribution System (PDS) distributes the subsidized food and non-food items to poor populations through fair price shops (FPS). The PDS has been criticized for its urban bias and its failure to serve the underprivileged sections of the community effectively. The Current system manual-based data management and ledger management gives rise to much corruption in the process of extricating the poor from those who are less needy. There are chances for the block market because of the current methodology of data management. This article proposes a blockchain technology-based smart ration shop system that uses immutable smart contract-based transactions to overcome the issues. The proposed mechanism will provide more transparency and enable access to all the transactions by everyone. The system utilizes IoT technology for asset tracking while moving the food items from distribution centers to a particular ration shop, which avoids malpractice during the transportation of the goods. Voice-based and text-based user-friendly interfaces in local languages were also developed to provide an effective interaction and improve the usability of the system. The performance of the proposed blockchain network is evaluated and reported.

Livelihood Challenges and Mitigation Strategies Adopted During COVID-19 Lockdown Period

Over the past century, apart from COVID-19, human civilization has seen five other significant pandemics such as the H1N1 outbreak in 2009, Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014, and subsequent outbreak in Congo in 2019, Zika outbreak in 2016, etc. However, of all these outbreaks, perhaps the COVID-19 pandemic is unparalleled due to the global proportions that it has assumed. The severity of the epidemic can be seen in terms of the number of lives lost and the multi-dimensional impact that COVID-19 has had upon the economies of nations and lives of people. Beyond the physical sphere of human life, COVID-19 has also impacted human life's social, mental, and economic aspects.
 This study was conducted to understand the livelihood challenges faced by the residents of 5 villages in Mulshi taluka during the lockdown period. In-depth interviews were conducted with three respondents from each village (15 respondents). The study drew upon the insights given by key opinion leaders in the towns such as Sarpanch and elected members of the gram panchayat, ASHA workers, ration shop owners etc. Identify the livelihood challenges faced by the people during the lockdown imposed due to COVID-19. Describe the strategies adopted by the people to overcome the challenges to livelihood faced by the people.
 The residents of the village's studies faced various challenges related to agriculture such as lack of manpower to harvest produce, lack of transportation facilities to transport produce to markets, lack of storage facilities to store agricultural produce etc, loss of employment faced by daily wage laborers due to non-operational status of small businesses during the lockdown period and challenges due to reverse migration.

Economic Analysis on Covid-19 in Rural Economy

IntroductionThe government of India under Prime Minister Narendra Modi ordered a nationwide lockdown to contain the spread of coronavirus outbreak in four phases as Phase 1: 25 March 2020-14 April 2020 (21 days), Phase 2: 15 April 2020-3 May 2020 (19 days), Phase 3: 4 May 2020-17 May 2020 (14 days), Phase 4: 18 May 2020-31 May 2020 (14 days) and ban the people from stepping out of their homes and all human economic activities for their breadwinning are paralyzing all over India. The government of Tamil Nadu followed the central government order. It implemented the same, which leads a great loss of economic activities of every individual, specifically in the rural agricultural economy.Objectives• The general objective is to identify the Economic effect of Covid-19 in the study area, specifically.• To examine the socio-economic status of the respondents in Musuvanoothu Panchayat.• To find out the awareness, perception and adapted preventive measures apart from social distance in the study area and• To identify the challenges and problems due to lockdown in the study area.Methods and MaterialsIt is a cross-sectional study with primary data collected from a panchayat. A panchayat named Musuvanoothu was selected from Nilakkottai Taluk, Dindigul District. The panchayat is consists of six hamlets with 1078 ration cardholders receiving their ration items from two ration shops one in head village Musuvanoothu and another one in Kallukottai. The respondents were selected from the head village ration shop accessing people alone and the interviewed number is 615 out of 670. The remaining persons are reluctant to answer the questions raised by the interviewer. A Purposive nonrandom sampling method was used in this paper with simple percentage analysis.Results and DiscussionThree fourth of the respondents are belong to the high potential age group of the labor force and doing farming activities, specifically floriculture and intercropping with vegetables. The yields obtain during the lockdown period leftover on the farm and losing earnings in front of their eyesight. Advances of money taken from the flower and vegetable merchants for farming activities cannot repay/settle by the farmers in the study area. Also, respondents borrowed money from money lenders for their lockdown food consumption expenses.ConclusionHealthy innocent farming communities are suffering from stress and mental health issue due to lockdown. A good amount of economic loss incurred which can be mitigated or avoided if public cold storage is availed in the study area. Small and marginal farmer’s agricultural loans & credit may be waived for their betterment in forthcoming days.

Can Rationing Increase Welfare? Theory and an Application to India’s Ration Shop System

In many developing countries, households can purchase limited quantities of goods at a fixed subsidized price through ration shops. This paper asks whether the characteristics of developing countries explain why governments use such systems. I find an equity-efficiency trade-off: an efficiency-maximizing government will never use ration shops, but a welfare-maximizing one might to redistribute and provide insurance. Welfare gains of ration shops will be highest for necessity goods and goods with high price risk. I calibrate the model for India and find that ration shops are welfare improving for three of the four goods sold through the system today. (JEL D12, H23, H25, O12)

Autonomous Ration Shops Using Database Management System and Embedded System

This paper centres around structure and execution of Automation of Ration Shop. In ongoing situation, all general society and private parts go for computerization in their procedure. Common Supplies Corporation is the significant open segment which oversees and conveys the basic items to all the residents. A portion of the restrictions of traditional proportion shop framework are because of manual estimations in the ordinary framework, consequently the client can not ready to get the precise amount of material. And furthermore there is an opportunity for the unlawful utilization of the items in the regular framework. for example the materials are taken by making incorrectly sections in the register without the information on the apportion card holder. And furthermore the moderate preparing keeps a long line before the shop. To defeat these issues we go for the mechanization of the apportion shops. This article aims for the sequential recording of ration shop transactions to a database using a network of clients with a server. The paper involves a client side and server side. The client PC is the one which is in the ration shop and the server side contains the database and a PC. The client PC is connected with a weighing machine. The client module consists of arduino microcontroller, which is with the weighing machine. The customer with a ration card can have his allotted items and which will be updated to the server as he receives it. The weight of the item is recorded by the microcontroller based weighing machine to the PC. The customer can access the details of his purchase and the amount of items left in the shop through an ASP.NET based webpage. The server stores all the allotted items to a ration shop for each and every customer and also the total items allotted for the ration shop. This project aims in the minimization of ration related corruption including the black-market reselling of goods and also the incorrect weights of items supplied and price related issues.

Smart Automatic Ration Card u sing Webpage

Ration card system is used for the distribution of essential commodities to India’s below poverty line population. The use of ration card to obtain the various goods such as sugar, rice, oil, kerosene, etc from the ration shop is common. The present ration distribution framework is with lot of irregularities such as ration delivered to open market and unavailability of ration goods. There is a possibility that ration shopkeeper sales the products to consumer at higher rates than that of recommended by the government. The proposal framework replaces these irregularities and provides efficient automated rationing system. It is having a python webpage. The personal details with bank account is linked with government website. Each card has serial number to communicate with the microcontroller which shows the details completely with accounts. It has a required cost for the goals which brought by the people and also cost will be transferred automatically to government account. The mechanics assemble along with the servomotor helps to power the required quantity of products of ration goods for the person and also the consumer to get the confirmation SMS automatically through GSM. As everything happens automatically there is no chance of irregularity.

A Review on E-Ration Card System

The Public Distribution System in India is the largest retail system in the world. Major problem in this system are the inefficiency in the targeting of beneficiaries, improve weighing machines used an illegal selling of goods. Automated public ration distributed system aim to replace the manual work in Public Distribution System there by reducing the corruption an illegal selling of stock. This paper gives the review on the E- Ration card system to distribute the grains automatically. The proposed system is used the conventional ration card which is replaced by smart card by using RIFD card. The RFID card redirect to the web of the shop , the required item are selected and payment is done and then item are collected from the machine. In this system, the government has control overall transaction that occurs in the ration shop and all the stock records are updated to the government databases so as to refill the stock with material thereby reducing the corruption.

Online Smart Ration Card System with Multifactor Authentication

In this paper, the online smart ration card system with multifactor authentication techniques has been proposed to prevent from ration forgery. Multiple factors like biometric (fingerprint technique), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), color code sequences and SMS entry way are used to keep the ration fraud. In this framework, a RFID tag is utilized that conveys relative points of interest and the client needs to show this tag at the ration shop or at his/her place before getting the ration. The user will need to give thumb impression on the biometric machine to verify if user is authentic or not. Additionally, before placing an order the user has to provide preferences of color code sequences as provided by the user during registration. Thus, the user ‘s authenticity is verified using multiple factors thereby increasing the security of the overall system. Apart from traditional approach of visiting and then collecting the ration, a novel approach has been introduced here where the authenticated user can demand the ration online and receive it at their specified location(Eg: Home address). In this paper, we present a brief introduction to Ration Distribution system using Smart card with increased usability and security of the overall system.

People's Perception of Public Distribution System in Arunachal Pradesh: A Comparative Analysis of Two Districts

Public Distribution System (PDS) is viewed as the most important food security network in India in terms of its coverage and public expenditure yet it is not without its limitations. The government spends around Rs. 750 billion per year on food grains, however, over 20% of the population remains undernourished in the country. The present study focuses on the performance of PDS in the districts of Papum Pare and Kurung Kumeyby analysing the household consumer perceptions. For this purpose, 300 households were surveyed from the two districts. The purposive sampling method was followed in choosing the respondents from the district headquarters of Itanagar (Papum Pare) and Koloriang (Kurung Kumey). The study found that more than three-fourths of the consumers in both the districts were satisfied with the performance of PDS. The Fair Price Shops in Papum Pare district were perceived to be faring better in terms of the number of working days compared with their counterparts in Kurung Kumey. Besides, the respondents in Kurung Kumey district have to travel more than the respondents in Papum Pare to reach the ration shop. Almost all the respondents acknowledged the important role being played by PDS in the well-being of their family. In respect of the replacement of PDS over cash transfer system, over70% of the respondents in Kurung Kumey and nearly 89% of the respondents in Papum Pare district did not want cash transfer. The findings suggest the need to support and strengthen the existing policy of supplying the commodities at subsidized prices.

Authenticated Automatic Ration Shop using RFID and GSM

Authenticated Automatic Ration Shop using RFID and GSM

An Ordinary Life Enslaved by a Card: Coercively Linking Aadhaar with Hunger Is No Solution

In August 2017, in KS Puttuswamy v. Union of India, commonly known as Privacy judgment, the nine judges bench of the Supreme Court unanimously in its landmark verdict established the fundamental right to privacy and transformed the civil rights jurisprudence. The decision strengthened the claims of citizens to the individual right to privacy, personal autonomy and the bodily integrity. Even earlier, the right to life with dignity as guaranteed under the Article 21 of the Constitution has been interpreted in its wide scope by the Courts in innumerable matters. In PUCL v. Union of India, popularly known as the Right to Food Case, the Supreme Court in a series of orders defined and shaped the of citizens’ rights against hunger, starvation deaths and malnutrition. Despite of these affirmative judicial interventions, on 28 September, 2017, in the Simgeda district of Jharkhand, a 11-year-old girl Santoshi died after starving for eight days. The ration card of her family was not linked to the Aadhaar and therefore the family could not receive subsidized food grains for months from the local ration shop. This case is not an aberration. In Jharkhand itself, 11 lakhs ration cards have been cancelled because the card holders have not submitted their Aadhaar numbers. Many other such cases have been reported from other areas too which confirmed that poor are excluded in the process of digitization of the citizen’s identity. A fact-finding report by PUCL confirmed that in Gokarana Town of Karnataka three Dalit brothers died due to starvation because the ration was denied to the family as they could not submit their Aadhaar card. The biometric mechanism has deprived and excluded most poor and vulnerable out of poor population of their grain entitlement forcing many to die due to chronic hunger and starvation. In fact, India has been ranked at 100th position out of 119 countries in the Global Hunger Index in the year 2017 in a report released by the IFPRI. In 2014, the country was ranked at 55th position by the same Index. Many sets of petitions and PILs have been filed before the Supreme Court urging it to intervene and stop mandatory imposition of Aadhaar. This essay looks into this conflict between the right to food of the common citizens and coercion by the state to link it with the Aadhaar card. Can hunger be linked forcefully with a citizen’s identity leading to extreme consequence of death due to starvation? Can an ordinary life be captivated in a piece of paper? Can democracy be allowed to wither and die every day when poor are coerced and are forced to die because they could not link their identity with biometrics? Can the state blame and punish the poor and vulnerable for not following the bureaucratic orders by depriving them of their legal entitlements? The essay suggests that contrary to what is portrayed by the state or even the international organizations such as World Bank, the digitization of the identity is in no way benefiting the citizens or eliminating corruption. Rather this coercive seeding of Aadhaar with the ration card and other welfare schemes is an anti-people measure which is excluding the poor and vulnerable and deny them of their basic legal rights. Instead of eliminating hunger or eradicating corruption, such forced undemocratic practices by the anarchical totalitarian state are taking away people’s basic right to life with dignity. The imposition of such extreme unconstitutional measure is empowering the authoritative state against the vulnerability of powerless citizens.

A Survey on Smart Ration Card System

The Rationing distribution system also called public distribution system distributes food items to the poor. Major commodities include rice, wheat, sugar and kerosene. In this system QR codes will be provided instead of current ration cards. Users database is stored which is provided by Government. The Smart Card must be scanned by the customer to show the details of items allocated by government, and then it checks customer details with stored data to distribute material in ration shop. Biometric i.e. Fingerprint scanning will be done for security and authentication purpose.

Product and Process Innovation: An Cardinally Ration Materials Dispensation based on GSM and RFID Technology

Ration card is very important in Tamil Nadu because it acts like a address proof for the person not only that it shows you the completely family details. It is been used to buy the consumer durable goods like sugar, kerosene, oil, rice etc. from the ration shop. The materials which are delivered by the shopkeeper may not be accurate and also it leads to unauthorized distribution to other person. In this paper, proposed a Cardinally ration Materials Dispensation Based on GSM (Global System for Mobile) and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology instead of ration cards. In order to rectify those problem we are going for this technique where the details of the cardholders are been checked using RFID device and later depending upon the material that the consumer purchase he need to pay the amount which will be displayed.

Automated Ration Distribution System

Ration Distribution System means distribution of essential commodities to a large number of people. It is done by the government. Public distribution system is one of the widely controversial officers that involves corruption and illegal smuggling of goods. All these happen because every job in the ration shop involves manual work and there are no specific high-tech technologies to automate the job. Our main objective here is to automate the process of the distribution. The classical method involves customer to tell the person handling the ration shop outlet, the amount of the commodity he/she needs and the type too. The person working then measures the commodity and gives it to the customer. In our version of the system, we will develop an embedded system project where we will have the customer to input the amount he requires and the system made will automatically collect that much amount in a container. It is a new concept which takes into account the various social, economic and general aspects relating to technical as well as day to day disciplines.

An Attempt to Modernise Customer Practice with Ration Card at Ration Shop using Advanced Electronics Technology

An Attempt to Modernise Customer Practice with Ration Card at Ration Shop using Advanced Electronics Technology

Allergies - Changes over time

15 years old youth with upper and lower airway symptoms for 5 years underwent Allergy Testing in September 1985 and was detected to be having polysensitizations. He was desensitized in 1990 for 6 months to achieve satisfactory control for more than 20 years. He reported back with recurrence and underwent repeat allergy testing in July 2013. He demonstrated evidence of protection by desensitization to Holoptelia, Lawsonia, Aspergillus Tamari and Cladosporium even after more than 25 years. However newer allergies developed to Acacia, Adathoda, Rumex, A.Fumigatus, Ration Shop Dust, insects including House dust Mite, non-vegetarian food items as Beef, Mutton, Chicken, Prawn and vegetarian food item Pea. His sensitivity to Ant, Rice had remained status quo.

Selection of warehouse sites for clustering ration shops to them with two objectives through a heuristic algorithm incorporating tabu search

The problem of selecting upto a fixed number of sites, from among a given number of potential warehouse sites for clustering a given number of ration shops in them subject to several constraints with two objectives, is considered. One of the constraints is that each ration shop should be clustered to a unique warehouse site, which is selected for locating a warehouse at it; however there is no restriction on the number of ration shops to be clustered to a selected warehouse site. Another constraint is that the total cost of the warehouses to be set up should not exceed a budgetary amount. The two objectives are to minimize the total cost and duration of meeting requirements of all the ration shops from their assigned warehouses at the selected sites. A heuristic iterative algorithm incorporating tabu search is developed to find the set of efficient solutions of this problem.

A multinutrient package of iron, vitamin A, and iodine improved the productivity and earnings of women tea pickers in south India.

Tea-picking is a highly skilled activity that is usually performed by women. This study, conducted on the Balanoor Plantations, India, from 1996 to 1998, was successful in empowering 339 women pickers and their families to take iron (60 mg of elemental iron two times a week) and vitamin A (1,600 IU) once a week, and to purchase subsidized iodized salt (30 ppm) from the plantation ration shop. The average hemoglobin level of the pickers rose significantly (p < .001) from 11.0 g/dl at baseline to 11.9 g/dl at the end of the nine months of intervention. The average amount of tea per picker increased significantly (p < .001) from 22.9 to 25.6 kg. There was a significant decrease in the number of "moderate pickers," who picked between 14 and 25 kg per day, and a significant increase in the number of "good pickers," who picked more than 25 kg per day, and the earnings of the majority of the pickers increased. The management of the estate where the intervention occurred benefited from a decrease in the number of pickers needed during the supplement period from 2,857 to 2,763, with no significant change in the yield per hectare in the two years. The yield per hectare on the control estate was not significantly different from that on the intervention estate, and the average amount of tea picked per worker was the same for the two periods (20.8 and 20.7 kg).