Ratio Of Silver Nitrate Research Articles

Silver Nanoparticle Morphology Control via Fruit Juice: A Comprehensive Review

This review examines the impact of fruit juice on the morphology of silver nanoparticles. Fruit juice contains reducing agents that can be useful in synthesizing nanoparticles, potentially affecting their shape. The review also discusses the method of synthesizing silver nanoparticles using fruit juice as the reducing agent and the various characterization techniques used to determine their morphology. The results indicate that fruit juice plays a crucial role in controlling the shape of silver nanoparticles. Factors such as the type of fruit, concentration, mixing time, pH, ratio of silver nitrate, and temperature can influence the final size and shape of the nanoparticles. These findings suggest that using fruit juice as a reducing agent in nanoparticle synthesis can be a promising approach for manipulating their morphology. This review introduces new possibilities for the application of nanoparticles in healthcare, electronics, and catalysis.

Study on Preparation of High-Performance Flake Silver Powder by Liquid Phase Reduction

Flake silver powder was prepared by liquid phase reduction method with silver nitrate as silver source, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate as reducing agent, citric acid and gum acacia as surfactants. The effects of reducing agent dosage, citric acid dosage, gum acacia dosage, silver nitrate dosage and reaction temperature on the properties of silver powder were studied. The results show that when the dosage of silver nitrate is 0.08 mol·L−1, the molar ratio of silver nitrate to ferrous sulfate heptahydrate is 1:2, the oxidizing solution is added to the reducing solution at the rate of 100 ml·min−1, the citric acid is added to the oxidizing solution at 7.5% of the mass of silver nitrate, the gum acacia is added equally dispersed to the oxidizing solution and the reducing solution, the addition amount is 20% of the mass of silver nitrate and the reaction temperature is 30 °C, the silver powder obtained is flake with good dispersion and narrow particle size distribution.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Vernonia amygdalina plant extract and its antimicrobial activities

The green nanoparticles synthesis method from leaves extract revealed full an economical, sustainable and eco-friendly method. In this study, the leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina was as a reducing and capping agent for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). M/DW binary solvent was selected for its relatively better extraction performance than methanol, ethanol, distilled water and ethanol/distilled water. Furthermore, the effect of solvent ratio of M/DW, precursor concentration, ratio of silver nitrate (AgNO3) to plant extract, temperature, time and pH on the synthesis of AgNPs was carried out. Greenly synthesized Agents was confirmed using UV–Vis spectroscopy and characterized by XRD and FT-IR. Besides, its antimicrobial activities were also evaluated using agar diffusion techniques. The UV–Vis spectra showed specific Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) absorption peaks between 411 nm and 430 nm which revealed the formation of AgNPs during the synthesis. The nanoparticle synthesis was further confirmed by XRD analysis. Phytochemical screening test and FT-IR analysis of V. amygdalina leaves extract revealed the existence of phenolic, Tannin, saponins and flavonoid groups, which capped the nanoparticles during the synthesis. The antibacterial activities of the synthesized AgNPs were evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria (S. pyogenes and S. aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) and higher inhibition zones were observed.

AgNP-AC Composite Fibers and its Adsorption and Antibacterial Properties

In this study, the electrospinning method was used to prepare silver nanoparticle–activated carbon (AgNP-AC) composite nanofiber membranes, aiming to obtain a high-performance dual-functional filter composite fiber membrane with good antibacterial and adsorption properties. A scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and other instruments were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the composite nanofibers. The effects of different concentrations of activated carbon, silver, and polymer (polyethylene–vinyl alcohol—EVOH) on the fiber morphology were discussed. The adsorption performance and antibacterial performance of the composite fiber membrane were investigated to verify the mutual influence of silver and activated carbon. The results show that with the increase in the activated carbon and silver concentration, the fiber diameter of the AgNP-AC membrane increase and the diameter distribution tends to become uniform. When the mass fraction of polymer EVOH is 10% and the concentration ratio of silver nitrate and carbon is 0.05 and 0.085 (g/ml), the adsorption performance of the composite fiber membrane is at the best with an adsorption rate of 94.07%. The AgNP-AC composite nanofiber membrane also demonstrates a good antibacterial function against Staphylococcus aureus and is most effective in the first 8 h. However, it is found that the silver concentration is proportional to the antibacterial ability, but the activated carbon has a certain inhibitory effect on the antibacterial properties.

Size controlled Ag decorated TiO2 plasmonic photocatalysts for tetracycline degradation under visible light

Through a facile method, Ag–decorated TiO2 (TiO2/Ag) plasmonic photocatalysts were fabricated successfully. Electrostatic-controlled self-assembly was applied to load silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on TiO2 nanospheres. In this experiment, the molar ratio of silver nitrate to trisodium citrate was adjusted aiming at regulating the size of Ag NPs. The TiO2/Ag samples exhibited higher photodegradation efficiency towards tetracycline (TC) under sunlight as compared to pure TiO2, owing to the unique surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. Detailed analysis was carried out via room–temperature photoluminescence (PL), photocurrent response, and UV–Vis spectroscopy, which suggested that Ag NPs significantly improved visible light absorption and inhibited the combination of photogenerated electrons and holes. Meanwhile, the durability test confirmed superior stability of TiO2/Ag in terms of photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, a possible mechanism of TC degradation by TiO2/Ag nanocomposites was proposed and discussed.

Biogenic Synthesis of Antibacterial, Hemocompatible, and Antiplatelets Lysozyme Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles through the One-Step Process for Therapeutic Applications

To evaluate silver nanoparticles’ (AgNPs) therapeutic and clinical potentials, antibacterial action, blood compatibility, and antiplatelet activities are the main concerns for toxicity profiling. Heat-denatured lysozyme-mediated formulation stabilized the AgNPs, thereby providing more bactericidal activity and blood compatibility. The study of the synthesis of AgNPs suggests the rapid and cost-effective formulation of AgNPs by one-step reaction using a 10:1 ratio of silver nitrate and lysozyme by incubating at 60 °C for two hours. Characterization of AgNPs was analyzed by UV–Visible spectroscopy, DLS, TEM, EDX, XRD, AFM, and FTIR, followed by antibacterial, hemocompatibility, and platelet aggregation testing. The average size of synthesized AgNPs was found to be 94.10 nm with 0.45 mV zeta potential and 0.293 polydispersity index by DLS. The TEM and EXD results indicated homogeneously 28.08 nm spherical-shaped pure formations of AgNPs. The XRD peaks showed the synthesis of small AgNPs with a crystallite size of 22.88 nm, while the AFM confirmed the homogeneity and smoothness of the monodispersed AgNPs. The FTIR spectra specified the coating of the lysozyme-derived amide group on the AgNPs surface, which provides stability and functionality of nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was remarkable against six pathogenic bacteria and three multidrug resistance (MDR) strains (i.e., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), which exhibited inhibition zones with diameters ranging between 13.5 ± 0.2 mm to 19.0 ± 0.3 mm. The non-hemolytic nature of the AgNPs was calculated by percentage hemolysis with four concentrations. The negative result of platelet aggregation using platelet-rich plasma suggests the antiplatelet effect of AgNPs. Only minor hemolysis of 6.17% in human erythrocytes and mild platelet aggregation of 1.98% were induced, respectively, by the use of 1000 µL of 1 mM AgNPs, which contains approximately 107.8 μg silver. The results indicated that the antiplatelet potency and non-hemolytic nature with the antibacterial action of the lysozyme functionalized AgNPs have a good chance to be used to solve in-stent restenosis and thrombosis issues of the coronary stent and may also have a possibility to use in vaccination to resolve the blood clotting problem. So, the optimized biogenic formulation of AgNPs offers promising opportunities to be used as a therapeutic agent.

Photoassisted Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Riceberry Rice Extract and Their Antibacterial Application

The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been attractive in biomedical applications due to its nontoxic and eco-friendly approach. This study presents the facile, rapid, and cost-effective synthesis of AgNPs by photoassisted chemical reduction using Riceberry (RB) rice extract as a reducing agent. The effects of reaction parameters including photoirradiation, irradiation time, the volume ratio of silver nitrate (AgNO3) to RB extract, and pH condition on the AgNP formation were also investigated. The characterization of AgNPs was determined by UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. For antibacterial application, the synthesized AgNPs were studied by disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results indicated that light irradiation was an important factor to accelerate the formation of AgNPs. The synthesis parameters including volume of RB extract and pH condition significantly affected the particle size and crystallinity of AgNPs. The volume ratio of AgNO3 to RB extract 1 : 12.5 at pH 2.5 under photoirradiation was the successful condition to form nanometer-sized crystalline particles (average particle size of 59.48 ± 0.37 nm ) within 30 min with a rate constant of 0.210 min–1. The FT-IR measurement also suggested that the phytochemical constituents in RB extract were served as reducing and stabilizing agents for the synthesis of AgNPs. Additionally, the obtained AgNPs from various conditions demonstrated the antibacterial activity against both strains. Therefore, this study proposes an effective integration technique to synthesize AgNPs within a short time for antibacterial application.

Synthesis and characterization of reporter molecules embedded core-shell nanoparticles as SERS nanotags

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is presented as a sensitive and specific molecular tool for clinical diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of various diseases including cancer. In order for clinical application of SERS technique, an ideal method of bulk synthesis of SERS nanoparticles is necessary to obtain sensitive, stable and highly reproducible Raman signals. In this contribution, we determined the ideal conditions for bulk synthesis of Raman reporter (Ra) molecules embedded silver-gold core-shell nanoparticles (Au@Ra@ AgNPs) using hydroquinone as reducing agent of silver nitrate. By using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we found that a 2:1 ratio of silver nitrate to hydroquinone is ideal for a uniform silver coating with a strong and stable Raman signal. Through stability testing of the optimized Au@Ra@AgNPs over a two-week period, these SERS nanotags were found to be stable with minimal signal change occurred. The stability of antibody linked SERS nanotags is also crucial for cancer and disease diagnosis, thus, we further conjugated the as-prepared SERS nanotags with anti-EpCAM antibody, in which the stability of bioconjugated SERS nanotags was tested over eight days. Both UV-Vis and SERS spectroscopy showed stable absorption and Raman signals on the anti-EpCAM conjugated SERS nanotags, indicating the great potential of the synthesized SERS nanotags for future applications which require large, reproducible and uniform quantities in order for cancer biomarker diagnosis and monitoring.

Effect of DC voltage on morphology and size distribution of silver nanorods synthesized through plasma-liquid interaction method

A plasma-liquid interaction method was used to produce silver nanorods from silver nitrate and sucrose solution at different DC voltages. Sucrose was used as stabilizing and reducing agent in this reduction reaction. A fixed molar ratio of silver nitrate was used to elaborate the effect of DC plasma voltage on shape size and elemental composition of nanorods. The formation of silver nanorods was confirmed from SEM images. Some copper nanoparticles were also formed due to degradation of anode during plasma reduction process, which were uniformly distributed over the surface of nanorods. The nanorods had well-defined shape and alignment at an applied voltage of 4 kV. The elemental analysis provided EDX peaks at 3 keV, 1.8 keV, 0.5 keV and 0.3 keV, which correspond to Ag, Si, O and Cu, respectively. The applied voltage only effected the shape and size of the nanorods. The size of nanorods varied from 662 nm to 964 nm, 483 nm to 703 nm and 572 nm to 841 nm for 2 kV, 4 kV and 6 kV, respectively. The size distribution histograms reveal narrowest size distribution of nanorods at 4 kV voltage followed 6 kV and 2 kV.

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Serratia marcescens ssp sakuensis and its Antibacterial Application against some Pathogenic Bacteria

The utilize of microorganisms in the biosynthesis of nanoparticles from metals ions appear as an eco-friendly approach and alternative to the harmful traditional approaches in the environment. In this study, we synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Serratia marcescens subsp. sakuensis supernatant. The optimization factors of the production silver nanoparticles were carried out by seven parameters (medium growth, incubation time, the ratio of mixing culture supernatant to silver nitrate, temperature degree, pH level, silver nitrate concentration and agitation speed). The optimum silver nanoparticles production was achieved at pH 7, AgNO3 concentration 2mM, temperature 30oC, mixing ratio of silver nitrate to volume of culture supernatant 20:50 ml, incubation time 48h and agitation speed 140 rpm for AgNPs production. Also, the synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The surface plasmon absorbance spectra of AgNPs was observed at 430 nm, and transmission electron microscopy images showed that the diameter of well-dispersed AgNP (10–20 nm). In addition, the antibacterial activity was studied and the obtained results of the synthesized AgNPs by Serratia marcescens subsp. sakuensis showed a good antibacterial activity against the studied pathogenic bacteria.

Preparation of Ag NWs and Ag NWs@PDMS stretchable sensors based on rapid polyol method and semi-dry process

The silver nanowires (Ag NWs) prepared by improved polyol method in 30min were applied to the stretchable strain sensors. Three factors affecting the morphology of Ag NWs were discussed, including reaction temperature, molecular weight of PVP, ratio of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). Experimental results showed that Ag NWs with diameter of 53 ± 9 nm, length of 31 ± 7 μm and the aspect ratio is 584.9 were obtained under the optimum conditions. Thus, a new and convenient method was proposed to fabricate flexible stretchable sensors by embed Ag NWs into Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The stability, hysteresis, and sensitivity of the Ag NWs@PDMS strain sensors were evaluated by cyclic stretch-release test. Our strain sensor with good stability, higher sensitivity (the gauge factor is 4.11) and good repeatability could be stretched 10% continuously for about 200 cycles. Ag NWs@PDMS flexible sensors can be used in wearable devices to monitor human movements.

A Facile One-Step Synthesis of Cuprous Oxide/Silver Nanocomposites as Efficient Electrode-Modifying Materials for Nonenzyme Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor.

Cuprous oxide/silver (Cu2O/Ag) nanocomposites were prepared via a facile one-step method and used to construct an electrochemical sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection. In this method, AgNO3 and Cu(NO3)2 were reduced to Cu2O/Ag nanocomposites by glucose in the presence of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) at a low temperature. The optimum condition was the molar ratio of silver nitrate and copper nitrate of 1:10, the temperature of 50 °C. Under this condition, Cu2O/Ag nanocomposites were obtained with uniformly distributed and tightly combined Cu2O and Ag nanoparticles. The size of Cu2O particles was less than 100 nm and that of Ag particles was less than 20 nm. Electrochemical experiments indicate that the Cu2O/Ag nanocomposites-based sensor possesses an excellent performance toward H2O2, showing a linear range of 0.2 to 4000 μM, a high sensitivity of 87.0 μA mM−1 cm−2, and a low detection limit of 0.2 μM. The anti-interference capability experiments indicate this sensor has good selectivity toward H2O2. Additionally, the H2O2 recovery tests of the sensor in diluted milk solution signify its potential application in routine H2O2 analysis.

Green Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Leaf Extract for Reductive Catalysis.

This article reports on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) that were green-synthesized by using Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) leaf extract and their use for the catalytic degradation of reactive dyes. The properties of biogenic AgNPs were characterized using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transforming infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis. The UV-vis spectroscopy and X-ray analyses confirmed the formation of AgNPs and showed the strong absorbance around 467 nm with surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The mean diameter of biogenic AgNPs at room (20 °C), moderate (50 °C), and high temperatures (80 °C) were 9.26 ± 2.72, 13.09 ± 3.66, and 17.28 ± 5.78 nm, respectively. The reaction temperature had significant impacts on the sizes of synthesized AgNPs. The higher the synthesis temperature, the larger size and the lower catalysis activity for reductive decomposition of reactive dyes via NaBH4. The results supported a bio-green approach for developing AgNPs with a small size and stable degradation activity of reactive dyes over 92% in 30 min by using Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) leaf extract at pH 7, 20 °C, and 1:10 ratio of silver nitrate added to the leaf extract.

BIOSYNTHESIS, OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES BIOSYNTHESIZED BY Bacillus subtilis ssp spizizenii MT5 ISOLATED FROM HEAVY METALS POLLUTED SOIL

Nanotechnology and nanoparticles (NPs) researches have attracted a lot of interest in recent decades, and there is growing attention to find more effective ways for their synthesis. The use of biological approach, (using various microorganisms), as bio-nanofactories provides a clean and promising alternative process for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles. This study confirmed the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by a cost effective, safe and environment-friendly technique using silver nitrate and supernatants of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis ssp spizizenii MT5 as a bio reducing agent. Supernatants of the tested microbe growing on nutrient broth (NB) were used for fabrication of AgNPs. Some parameters of optimization i.e., incubation time, silver nitrate concentration, mixing ratio of culture supernatant and silver nitrate, media type, temperature degree and pH level were studied. The biosynthesis of AgNPs in the cell extract filtrate was confirmed and characterized by biophysical methods using the advanced available instruments. The determined conditions for the bioinspired synthesis of AgNPs revealed that incubation time was 40 h, silver nitrate concentration was 3mM, supernatant and silver nitrate ratio was 1:4, medium type was nutrient broth (NB), agitation speed was 160 rpm, temperature degree was 35°C and pH level was 7. Characterizations of the produced bio silver nanoparticles were done using the advanced available methods. The ultraviolet-visible spectrum showed an absorption peak at 420 nm. Transmis­sion electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the mean diameter of the formed AgNPs was 38 to 49 nm. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the particles are crystalline in nature, with a face-centered spherical structure. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Zeta potential analysis showed that the average AgNPs size was 31.42 nm and the zeta potential was -20.8mV, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis (FT - IR) confirmed the presence of elemental silver and the dual function of biomolecule responsible for the bio reduction and stabilization of AgNPs in the reaction mixtures. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph indicated that produced AgNPs are spherical in shape. However, it also showed an indeterminate morphology. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) exhibited strong signal in the silver region which confirms the formation of AgNPs.

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of silver/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites against Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus

In this study, silver/reduced graphene oxide (Ag/rGO) nanocomposites were synthesized in situ using three different mass ratios of silver nitrate and graphene oxide (1:1, 2:1, and 4:1). L-ascorbic acid (LAA) was used as an environment-friendly reducing agent. The characterization of Ag/rGO was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The investigated results showed that the Ag/rGO nanocomposites were successfully synthesized with silver nanoparticles in the size range of 10-25 nm uniform distribution on rGO sheets. The antibacterial activity of Ag/rGO was tested against Gram-negative (Salmonella typhimurium) andGram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus)bacteriausing plate colony-counting and broth dilution methods, in comparison with individual rGO and silver nanoparticles. The tested results showed that the Ag/rGO nanocomposite with the AgNO3:GO ratio of 4:1 (Ag/rGO4:1) exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity. The minimal inhibitory concentration values of Ag/rGO4:1 against Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus were 10 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml, respectively. Hence, the Ag/rGO nanocomposite could be considered as a potential antibacterial agent.

Potential of cellulose paper coated with silver nanoparticles: a benign option for emergency drinking water filter

Point-of-use system is an appropriate choice in emergency situation because this system is efficient, easy to use, and highly portable. The present study aimed to determine the optimal parameter values associated with the preparation of cellulose paper coated with silver nanoparticles using response surface methodology via Box–Behnken Design (BBD) for the purpose of finding the appropriate filter material in point-of-use water purification system. In this case, the efficiency of cellulose paper coated with silver nanoparticles was investigated based on the optimal parameter values and tested using different types of water samples (tapwater, rainwater, and surface water) by taking into account the drinking water guidelines and health risks. Finally, the cellulose paper coated with silver nanoparticles was compared with other point-of-use technologies in determining its suitability during emergency situation. Box Behnken Design results showed that quadratic model was capable of describing the effects of parameters (silver nitrate solutions, sodium borohydride; silver nitrate ratio and immersion time) on the responses (E. coli removal efficiency). Moreover, second order polynomial equations, ANOVA, and three-dimensional surface plots were developed to evaluate the effects of each parameter on E. coli removal efficiency. The findings show that optimal parameters are found in silver nitrate concentration of 0.035 M and sodium borohydride: silver nitrate ratio of 5 with insignificant immersion time. The field testing results show that cellulose papers coated with silver nanoparticle is suitable for low-turbidity water as it meets the drinking water guidelines with low health risks. The comparison with other point-of-use technologies indicated that cellulose paper coated with silver nanoparticle is suitable to be used as a filter to supply clean drinking water in emergency situation.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by using Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Extract

A single step eco-friendly, energy efficient and economically scalable green method was employed to synthesize silver nanoparticles. In this work, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract as reducing and capping agent along with water as solvent at normal room temperature is described. Silver nanoparticles were prepared from aqueous silver nitrate solution by adding the leaf extract. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by using UV–visible Spectrophotometer, X-ray diffractometer, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope (FTIS). X-ray diffraction studies brought to light the crystalline nature and the face centered cubic structure of the silver nanoparticles. Using HR-TEM. the nano sizes and morphology of the particles were studied. The mean sizes of the prepared silver nanoparticles ranged from 30 to 36 nm. The density of the particles was tuned by varying the molar ratio of silver nitrate. FTIS studies showed the functional group of organic molecules which were located on the surface of the silver nanoparticles. Originating from the leaf extracts, these organic molecules reduced and capped the particles.

Flexible transparent electrodes based on silver nanowires synthesized via a simple method.

Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) with the length of approximately 60 µm and the diameter of approximately 300 nm are prepared via a simple, cost-effective, high-yield and eco-friendly procedure under a high molar concentration ratio of silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution to poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) solution. The pre-synthesized Ag NWs were analysed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and UV–visible spectrophotometer. Furthermore, the as-prepared silver nanowires were roll-coated on the surfaces of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. By optimizing the concentration of silver nanowire solution, the flexible Ag NW/PET transparent electrodes with a sheet resistance of 3.8 Ω sq−1 at a transmittance of 70% can be fabricated. The results reported in this paper provide a basis for optimizing the growth of silver nanowires and performances of transparent electrodes.

Growth Dynamics Study of Silver Nanoparticles Obtained by Green Synthesis using Salvia officinalis Extract

ABSTRACTSilver nanoparticles were synthesized by the bottom-up approach using Salvia officinalis extract, and their growth process was correlated with changes in their ultraviolet–visible spectra. Experiments were performed at different initial mixing ratios of silver nitrate to plant extract and at pH values to outline a pattern concerning the growth of silver nanoparticles obtained by this synthesis procedure. Relative areas calculated from the spectra from 350 to 600 nm were used as a comparison for the growth dynamics of silver nanoparticles synthesized in mixtures with different compositions. The graphical representation of relative areas vs. time presents four stages of nanoparticle growth with each linear portion corresponding to a different process rate.

Optimization of Different Reaction Conditions for the Bio-Inspired Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Solanum nigrum Leaves

Optimization of Different Reaction Conditions for the Bio-Inspired Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Solanum nigrum Leaves One of the significant goals in nanotechnology is to explore different ways for synthesis of nanoparticles with the ability to control and reduce costs and environmental pollutions. Bio-inspired synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts has resulted in creation of a new branch of nanotechnology. Silver nanoparticles are among the most widely used nanoparticles. The current research work investigate the findings of optimization of different experimental variables like ratio of plant leaf extract and silver nitrate, reaction time, temperature and pH on silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Solanum nigrum. The formation of dark brown color confirmed the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The bio-inspired synthesis of silver nanoparticles was found to be optimum at aqueous extract and silver nitrate ratio of 5:95, reaction time 4 hours, temperature 70°C and pH 7. The silver nanoparticles thus formed under optimized parameters were then characterized using transmission electron microscopy that revealed that the nanoparticles are almost spherical in shape with a mean particle size of 17.54 nm. It can be concluded from the finding that good modification of the bioprocess parameters improves potential of desired nano-particles for particular applications.