High-density Lipoprotein Ratio Research Articles

Non-insulin-based insulin resistance indices predict early neurological deterioration in elderly and middle-aged acute ischemic stroke patients in Northeast China

Insulin resistance (IR) has a strong association with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) occurrence and poor prognosis of afflicted patients. However, the relation between early neurological deterioration (END) risk and IR in elderly and middle-aged patients remains to be thoroughly studied. Here, we investigated the relationship between four indicators of IR and the risk of END in middle-aged patients patients with AIS. The study retrospectively analyzed 1696 elderly and middle-aged patients having AIS between January 2019 and June 2023. Within 7 days of admission, the patients were then stratified relying upon alternations in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Subsequently, we employed logistic regression analyses for assessing each index correlation with END on the basis of the tertiles of TyG index (TyGI), triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio (TG/HDL), TyG-BMI, alongside IR metabolic score (METS-IR). These four indicators were significantly heightened in the END group (n = 680) in comparison to the non-END group (n = 1016). When grouping using tertiles, the four aforementioned indicators emerged as independent risk factors for END occurrence, whether or not adjusted for confounding factors. The results revealed a progressive elevation in END occurrence risk with the rise in the tertile of each indicator. Finally, we utilized receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for assessing the indicators' predictive power. TyG-BMI, TyGI, TG/HDL, and METS-IRs’ area under the curve (AUC) were, respectively, 0.736 (95% CI: 0.712–0.761; P < 0.001), 0. 694 (95% CI: 0.668–0.721; P < 0.001), 0.684 (95% CI: 0.658–0.711; P < 0.001), and 0.722 (95% CI: 0.697–0.747; P < 0.001). IR is associated with END risk in middle-aged AIS patients. TyG-BMI, TyGI, TG/HDL, and METS-IR are independent risk factors of END in elderly and middle-aged AIS patients. Simultaneously, these four IR indicators have significant predictive power for END.

Cardiometabolic Characteristics of Obesity Phenotypes in Persons With HIV.

In the general population, it is established that adipose tissue depots pose various risks for cardiometabolic diseases. The interaction among obesity, HIV, and antiretroviral treatment promotes even greater risk for persons with HIV (PWH). As obesity is a heterogeneous condition, determining the specific obesity phenotypes present and their characteristics is critical to personalize care in PWH. Visceral, sarcopenic, myosteatotic, hepatosteatotic, and metabolically healthy obesity phenotypes were determined by pre-established cut points after segmentation of computed tomography scans at the L3 vertebra. Multivariable linear regression modeling included anthropometrics, clinical biomarkers, and inflammatory factors while controlling for age, sex, race, and body mass index (BMI). Of 187 PWH, 86% were male, and the mean ± SD age and BMI were 51.2 ± 12.3 years and 32.6 ± 6.3 kg/m2. Overall, 59% had visceral obesity, 11% sarcopenic obesity, 25% myosteatotic obesity, 9% hepatosteatotic obesity, and 32% metabolically healthy obesity. The strongest predictor of visceral obesity was an elevated triglyceride:high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio. Increased subcutaneous fat, waist circumference, and HDL cholesterol were predictors of sarcopenic obesity. Diabetes status and elevated interleukin 6, waist circumference, and HDL cholesterol predicted myosteatotic obesity. An increased CD4+ count and a decreased visceral:subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio predicted hepatosteatotic obesity, though accounting for only 28% of its variability. Participants with metabolically healthy obesity were on average 10 years younger, had higher HDL, lower triglyceride:HDL ratio, and reduced CD4+ counts. These findings show that discrete obesity phenotypes are highly prevalent in PWH and convey specific risk factors that measuring BMI alone does not capture. These clinically relevant findings can be used in risk stratification and optimization of personalized treatment regimens. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04451980).

TG/HDL-C Ratio for Predicting Insulin Resistance in Obese Children from Beijing, China.

International studies have found that the blood triglycerides to highdensity lipoproteins (TG/HDL-C) ratio predicted insulin resistance in children with overweight and obesity. However, there is a lack of such reports on children from China. The objective of this study is to explore the ability of the TG/HDL-C ratio as a blood biomarker for insulin resistance (IR) in obese children in Beijing. We evaluated 262 children with obesity from our paediatric outpatient clinic in a cross-sectional study. Detailed medical histories of all children were ascertained, as were clinical examination and laboratory test results, including blood lipids, fasting glucose, insulin, and glycated haemoglobin. We divided them into age groups of 6-9 and 10-13.5 years and then into IR and non-IR groups based on the homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR). Analysis was accomplished with SPSS software (version 22.0). The TG/HDL-C ratio was higher in children with IR in the 6-9 and 10-13.5-year age groups (p < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses displayed that the TG/HDL-C ratio and HOMA-IR were correlated in the 6-9 and 10-13.5-year-old groups (p < 0.05). In the 6-9-yearold group, IR identified by a TG/HDL-C ratio ≥ 0.645 had a sensitivity, specificity, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 79.1%, 60.9%, and 0.734, respectively. In the 10-13.5-year-old group, IR identified by a TG/HDL-C ratio ≥ 0.725 had a sensitivity, specificity, and an AUC of 79.4%, 62.9%, and 0.724, respectively. We showed the application of the TG/HDL-C ratio to predict insulin resistance in obese children in Beijing with different diagnostic thresholds based on age (6-9-year-old group with TG/HDL-C ≥ 0.645; 10-13.5-year-old group with TG/HDL-C ≥ 0.725), which were lower compared with the diagnostic threshold for insulin resistance in children reported in other countries.

Evaluation of the inflammatory parameters as potential biomarkers of systemic inflammation extent and the disease severity in psoriasis patients.

The disease severity of psoriasis is mainly assessed subjectively via psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) and body surface area (BSA), while an optimal measure of cutaneous response, may overlook systemic inflammation in psoriasis patients. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), monocyte to high density lipoprotein ratio (MHR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) exhibit notable associations with the inflammation severity in multiple diseases. The aim of this retrospective study was to explore the associations between inflammatory parameters and the skin lesions' severity of psoriasis. After analysis, we found that patients with psoriasis had higher NLR, MLR, PLR, MHR, and SII levels compared to the control group. At baseline, the parameters of NLR (r = 0.124, P = 0.003), MLR (r = 0.153, P < 0.001), MHR (r = 0.217, P < 0.001) and SII (r = 0.141, P = 0.001) had a positive correlation with PASI in psoriasis patients. At the same time, we analyzed thepatients who received different systemic therapy. We observed a significant decrease in NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII in psoriasis patients after treatment. Notably, TNF-α inhibitors and IL-17A inhibitors subgroups showed amore significant reduction than IL-23/IL-12/23 inhibitors and MTX medication. Additionally, we found the change of NLR (r = 0.194, P < 0.001), PLR (r = 0.104, P = 0.014), MLR (r = 0.191, P < 0.001), MHR (r = 0.106, P = 0.012), and SII (r = 0.228, P < 0.001) had a positive correlation with the change of PASI in psoriasis patients. In conclusion, this study suggests that NLR, MLR, and SII may serve as useful biomarkers for assessing systemic inflammation extent and disease severity in psoriasis patients.

STUDY OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL VARIATIONS IN POPULATION GROUPS UNDERGOING ACUTE OR CHRONIC STRESS

Objective: Stress arises from derangements of personal and professional activities. The basic reason is changes in lifestyle and psychosocial adaptations. Life becomes demanding, complicated, mechanical, and devoid of health. In today’s modern world, occupational stress has become the major factor for loss of health and peacefulness of mind. Methods: This is an observational descriptive study which was conducted in a group of 84 people between 25 and 60 years of age to study the association of acute stress on salivary amylase level and effect of chronic stress on lipid profile, glycosylated hemoglobin and certain inflammatory markers in people representing different forms of stress. Three groups of the population were studied. Group 1 (n=20) - Patients undergoing any elective surgery (abdominal/genitourinary) or an invasive diagnostic procedure (upper GI endoscopy, lymph node biopsy) Group 2 (n=32) – High/middle socio-economic male or female working for ≥8 h/day with or without stress. Group 3 (n=32) – Low socioeconomic male or female earning &lt;100 Rs/day with or without stress. Salivary alpha-amylase and chromogranin A (CgA) levels are good markers of stress. Results: There was increased levels of cortisol (p&lt;0.0001), alpha amylase (p&lt;0.01), and decreased levels of CgA (p&lt;0.001) pre-procedure period as a marker of acute stress. In the chronic stress group of low income as well as high-income status, glycosylated hemoglobin, and blood lipid profile in both males and females were significantly deranged. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-2 were significantly raised in both groups. Serum ferritin level was low in the low socioeconomic group but normal in the high socioeconomic group. Conclusion: Salivary amylase level was raised in acute stress and there is a direct correlation of chronic stress with high low-density lipoprotein/ high-density lipoprotein ratio, raised glycosylated Hemoglobin, serum MDA, IL-1, 2 levels irrespective of economic group.

Higher LDL-C/HDL-C Ratio Is Associated with Elevated HbA1c and Decreased eGFR Levels and Cardiac Remodeling in Elderly with Hypercholesterolemia.

Background: This study aims to explore the relationship of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) ratio with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), renal dysfunction, coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiac structure and function in elderly patients with hypercholesterolemia. Methods: A total of 1129 hospitalized Chinese elderly (aged ≥ 65 years) with hypercholesterolemia were collected retrospectively. The patients were divided into low (<2.63), moderate (≥2.63 to <3.33) and high (≥3.33) LDL-C/HDL-C ratio groups according to the tertiles of LDL-C/HDL-C. Results: Regression analysis of the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio with metabolic and echocardiographic parameters revealed that a high LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (≥3.33) was associated independently with male gender, elevated HbA1c, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), prevalent CHD and left ventricular dilatation (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: A high LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was associated with male gender, increased HbA1c, decreased eGFR, CHD and enlarged left ventricle in elderly with hypercholesterolemia.

Evaluation of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis

Background/Aims: Psoriatic arthritis with peripheral and axial involvement; It is a heterogeneous disease that can cause enthesitis, dactylitis, and nail and skin involvement. The persistence of inflammation in psoriasis leads to comorbidities such as psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Our study aimed to identify subclinical atherosclerosis in psoriatic arthritis patients without a known risk factor and to prevent possible morbidity and mortality in patients. Methods: Thirty-three patients with psoriatic arthritis and twenty-five healthy control groups were included in our study. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, diagnosis of hyperlipidemia, body mass index above 30, and smoking were determined as exclusion criteria. The age, gender, duration of the disease, medical treatment used for the disease, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and total cholesterol values, monocyte-lymphocyte ratio, carotid intima-media thickness measurement results obtained by carotid doppler ultrasonography imaging were recorded. Results: A comparison was made between the study and control groups in terms of age, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio, and no statistically significant difference was observed. Monocyte and lymphocyte levels were significantly higher in the study group (p&amp;lt;0.05). Carotid intima-media thickness was statistically higher in the study group and this difference was statistically significant (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusions: Patients with psoriatic arthritis have an increased risk of atherosclerosis compared to the healthy population without any risk factors. This awareness will be useful in the follow-up of patients and in taking precautions against morbidities that may develop.

Triglicerydes/high-density lipoprotein ratio as a risk factor of post-Covid-19 sinus tachycardia: A retrospective study.

Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is one of the manifestations of the post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), which pathogenesis remains largely unknown. This study aimed to identify potential risk factors for IST in individuals with PCS. The 1349 patients with PCS were included into the study. Clinical examination, 24H Holter ECG, 24H ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and biochemical tests were performed 12-16 weeks after the COVID-19 in all participants. IST was found in 69 (3.5%) individuals. In the clinical assessment IST patients were characterized by a higher age (p < 0.001) and lower prevalence of the diagnosed hypertension (p = 0.012), compared to remaining patients. Biochemical testing showed higher serum triglycerides (1.66 vs. 1.31 pmol/L, p = 0.007) and higher prevalence of a low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (24.6% vs. 15.2%, p = 0.035) in the IST group. Subsequently, the triglicerydes (TG)/HDL ratio, an indicator of insulin resistance, was significantly higher in the IST individuals (3.2 vs. 2.4, p = 0.005). 24H monitoring revealed a significantly higher minimum diastolic, maximum systolic and mean arterial blood pressure values in the IST group (p < 0.001 for all), suggesting a high prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension. A multivariate analysis confirmed the predictive value TG/HDL ratio >3 (OR 2.67, p < 0.001) as predictors of IST development. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the relationship between the TG/HDL ratio and the IST risk showed that the predictive cut-off point for this parameter was 2.46 (area under the ROC curve = 0.600, p = 0.004). Based on these findings, one can conclude that insulin resistance seems to be a risk factor of IST, a common component of PCS.

A Cross-Sectional Observational Study to Assess the Efficacy of Triglyceride to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio as a Marker of Insulin Resistance in Subjects of Central Rural India.

The rising prevalence of insulin resistance (IR), obesity, and its complications in India is due to lifestyle changes, eating patterns, stress, and genetic factors. Markers for IR are often expensive, invasive, or impractical for use in economically disadvantaged or remote areas. To address this, we evaluated the efficacy of the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio as a simple, reliable, accessible, and affordable surrogate marker of IR in comparison to the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). This cross-sectional observational study was performed at a tertiary care center in central India and included 815 subjects aged 18 to 60 years after excluding those with systemic diseases, drugs affecting weight, or pregnant or lactating women. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was done to represent the study findings. Males and obese subjects were more insulin resistant than females and non-obese subjects, respectively. The TG/HDL had a sensitivity of 91.81%, a specificity of 92.88%, a positive predictive value of 94.46%, and a negative predictive value of 89.56%, with a diagnostic accuracy of 92.27% when compared to HOMA-IR. We concluded that TG/HDL serves as a simple, affordable, and accurate marker of IR in a diverse population of central India. There is a definite scope to use the same for large-scale screening, epidemiological research, and routine clinical practice.

Role of Triglyceride to High Density Lipoprotein (TG/HDL) Ratio as A Marker of Insulin Resistance in Adults of Central India: A Narrative Review

One of the main risk factors for the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is insulin resistance (IR). But because there aren't many easy-to-use and trustworthy biomarkers or tests, the entity is frequently under diagnosed. The present review was performed with an aim to provide the available data regarding the role or efficacy of TG/HDL ratio as an indicator of IR in adults of central India, a region popular for high prevalence of T2DM and CVD. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out in the PubMed search engine. Relevant research articles focusing on use of TG/HDL as a marker of insulin resistance published in the period 2002 to 2023 were included in the review. A total of 33 articles were selected based upon their suitability with the current review objectives and analyzed. The review concludes that TG/HDL ratio is a simple, affordable, and feasible marker of IR that can be used in economically poor regions of the India or world for screening IR and risk stratification of T2DM and CVD in adults. However, more studies are needed in India and all over the world to validate this marker and its cut-off values.

Predictive value of anthropometric and biochemical indices in non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTriglyceride (TG), triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), body mass index (BMI), TyG-BMI and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio (TG/HDL) have been reported to be reliable predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However,...

Myeloperoxidase to high-density lipoprotein ratio: Potential predictor of severity and outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke

ObjectiveAs a new marker of inflammation and lipid metabolism, the ratio of myeloperoxidase to high density lipoprotein (MPO/HDL) has been reported in the field of cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of MPO/HDL on acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is not clear. The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic value of MPO/HDL level in patients with AIS. MethodsThis study conducted a retrospective analysis of 363 patients diagnosed with AIS. Stroke severity was assessed by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The short-term functional outcome was evaluated with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 90 days after admission. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between MPO/HDL and NIHSS scores. The predictive value of MPO, HDL and MPO/HDL to AIS was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). ResultsThe level of MPO/HDL in patients with NIHSS score ≥ 4 was significantly higher than that in patients with NIHSS score < 4 (P < 0.001). MPO and MPO/HDL were positively correlated with NIHSS score (P < 0.001), while HDL was negatively correlated with NIHSS score (P < 0.001). During 90-day follow-up, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that increased MPO/HDL levels were associated with 90-day functional outcomes. ROC showed that compared with MPO and HDL, MPO/HDL had the highest predictive value for 90-day functional prognosis in patients with AIS (AUC = 0.9825). ConclusionThe level of serum MPO/HDL may be potential prognostic biomarker in AIS 90 days.

Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio as an independent predictor of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis-related emergency large vessel occlusion

ObjectiveTo evaluate the correlation between the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis-related emergent large vessel occlusion (ICAS-ELVO) in acute ischemic stroke patients with endovascular thrombectomy. MethodsIncluded in this study were 215 patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy. They were randomly assigned to training and testing datasets. The patients in training dataset (n=128) were divided into ICAS group (n=65) and embolism group (n=63). MHR was compared between the two groups. According to the cut-off value, patients in testing dataset (n=87) were divided into low-MHR group (n=54) and high-MHR group (n=33). MHR was compared between the two groups. ResultsIn training dataset, the proportion of male patients, diabetic patients and smokers in ICAS group was significantly higher than that in embolism group [(50 (76.9%) vs. 30 (47.6%), P=0.001; 29 (44.6%) vs. 14(22.2%), P=0.007; 37(56.9%) vs. 14 (22.2%), P=0.001; 37 (56.9%) vs. 14 (22.2%), P=0.001], while the mean age and the proportion of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and atrial fibrillation were significantly lower [(64.74±9.13 vs. 71.38±13.34, P=0.001; 6 (9.2%) vs. 14 (22.2%), P=0.043; 12 (18.5%) vs. 22 (34.9%), P=0.035; 5 (7.7%)vs. 56 (88.9%), P<0.001)]. The laboratory test results showed that monocyte count was significantly higher and high-density lipoprotein level was significantly lower in ICAS group than those in embolism group (0.61±0.26 vs. 0.45±0.13, P=0.001; 1.17±0.28 vs. 1.37±0.27, P=0.001). MHR in ICAS group was significantly higher than that in embolism group (0.55±0.26 vs. 0.34±0.11, P=0.001). In training set, MHR was found to be an independent predictor for the occurrence of ICAS-ELVO with an adjusted OR of 2.39 (95%CI 1.29–4.48, P=0.006). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of MHR was 0.8 (95% CI, 0.72–0.87, p < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 0.60 and a specificity of 0.873. The optimal cut-off value of the MHR level was 0.46. In testing dataset, the rate of ICAS-ELVO in higher quartile was significantly higher than that in the lower quartile (81.8% vs. 33.3%, P<0.001). Patients with a low MHR had a higher rate of cerebral hemorrhagic than those with a high MHR. ConclusionMHR was associated with ICAS-ELVO in acute ischemic stroke patients with endovascular thrombectomy, and the higher level of MHR does benefit to differentiate ICAS from intracranial embolism, suggesting that MHR may prove to be an independent predictor for ICAS-ELVO.

Contrasting the relationship of serum uric acid/albumin ratio on quantitative flow ratio with other multiple composite parameters in patients with suspected coronary artery disease

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between quantitative coronary flow reserve (CFR) and the blood uric acid/albumin ratio, as well as multiple clinical parameters, in order to assess the severity of coronary artery functional stenosis.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study included 257 suspected coronary artery disease patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) and quantitative flow ratio (QFR) examinations in the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine at the First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University in Jingzhou City, China, between September 2022 and March 2023. The study subjects were divided into two groups based on their QFR values: QFR ≤ 0.80 group and QFR > 0.80 group. Correlation of uric acid-to-albumin ratio (UAR), high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), and Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation (AISI) with coronary artery QFR was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models, considering them as both continuous and binary variables.ResultsThe QFR ≤ 0.80 group consisted of 83 patients, while the QFR > 0.80 group included 174 patients. Significant differences were observed between the QFR ≤ 0.80 and QFR > 0.80 groups in the following parameters: UAR (9.19 ± 2.47 vs 7.61 ± 1.91; p < 0.001), MHR (0.46 ± 0.19 vs 0.37 ± 0.16, p < 0.001), SII (674.98 ± 332.30 vs 571.43 ± 255.82; p = 0.006), SIRI (1.53 ± 0.83 vs 1.29 ± 1.10; p = 0.047), and AISI (340.22 ± 242.10 vs 243.97 ± 151.97; p < 0.001). ROC curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.701 (CI: 0.633–0.770; p < 0.001) for UAR. In the univariate analysis, when treated as binary variables, high levels of UAR, MHR, SII, SIRI, and AISI were found to be significantly associated with the risk of QFR ≤ 0.80 (all P < 0.05). However, in the multivariate regression analysis, only high levels of UAR and AISI remained significantly associated with QFR ≤ 0.80 (all P < 0.05). When treated as continuous variables, the univariate analysis indicated that UAR (OR: 1.412, CI: 1.231–1.620, p < 0.001), e^MHR (OR: 1.394, CI: 1.151–1.687, p < 0.001), lnSII (OR: 1.001, CI: 1.000–1.002, p = 0.008), and lnAISI (OR: 2.695, CI: 1.539–4.719, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with QFR ≤ 0.80. In the multivariate analysis, UAR (OR: 1.373, CI: 1.187–1.587, p < 0.001) and AISI (OR: 2.217, CI: 1.309–3.757, p < 0.001) remained significantly associated with QFR ≤ 0.80.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate a significant association between UAR and AISI with QFR ≤ 0.80, suggesting its potential role in predicting the extent of functional coronary artery stenosis in patients with CAD. Additionally, AIRI, identified as an inflammatory marker in the complete blood count, was found to exert influence on the severity of coronary artery physiology.

The association between lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio and depression: Data from NHANES 2015-2018.

The relationship of lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (LHR) with depression remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the association between LHR and depression in US adults. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 4216 participants were enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015-2018). Depressive symptoms were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Participants were classified as having depression if PHQ-9 scores were ≥10. Multiple logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between the LHR and depression. Overall, the LHR was significantly associated with depression (per standard deviation increment; adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.14, 1.50]) after adjusted potential variables. Interactions between LHR with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and body mass index (BMI) on the risk of depression were found in stratified analysis (p for interaction<.05). A higher level of LHR was significantly associated with higher odds of having depression in US adults, and it was strengthened in participants with MetS or BMI ranging from 25 to 30kg/m2 .

Relationship between body adiposity parameters and insulin resistance: a preliminary study of surrogate markers in Japan.

According to the Japan National Health and Nutrition Survey 2019, the proportion of people with prediabetes is estimated to be 27.3%. Western-style dietary habits can lead to obesity and a functional abnormality of the adipose tissue, which can cause insulin resistance and predispose one to diabetes. We examined the relationship between insulin resistance using body adiposity parameters as surrogate markers. This study enrolled 248 healthy participants to determine the association of six body adiposity parameters, namely, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product index (LAP), waist circumference-triglyceride index (WTI), and triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio with insulin resistance. Receiver operating characteristics curve analyses were performed to assess the accuracy of these parameters in identifying insulin resistance. The data of the 248 participants (women 79 and men 169) were examined in this study. WC showed the highest accuracy in the obese women group (cut-off value: 89.8 with sensitivity: 0.900 and specificity: 0.522, AUC: 0.680) and men group (cut-off value: 90.0 with sensitivity: 0.862 and specificity: 0.508, AUC: 0.701). The TG/HDL ratio showed the highest accuracy in men with non-obesity (cut-off value: 0.8 with sensitivity: 0.857 and specificity: 0.649, AUC: 0.780). Application of this finding should be useful in the early screening of obesity in men with non-obesity, such as during regular health check-up with the TG/HDL ratio in addition to the usually used WC, to assess insulin resistance and prevent lifestyle-related diseases that can lead to cardiovascular events.

Association Between Smoking and Lipid Profile in Men Aged 35 to 70 Years: Dose-Response Analysis.

Dyslipidemia is linked to various health complications, including cardiovascular disease and inflammation. This study aimed to assess the association between smoking and lipid profile in the Tabari cohort population. Data from the Tabari Cohort Study involving 4,149 men were analyzed. A standardized questionnaire collected smoking history, while blood samples measured lipid levels and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Statistical analysis utilized chi-square tests and logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. The prevalence of smoking was 893 (21.52%; urban: 20.6%, mountainous: 23.8%, significant level: .024). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) among smokers 1.48 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-1.77, p < .001) was the same as non-smokers. The adjusted OR of high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in men with 1 to 10, 11 to 20, and more than 20 cigarettes per day was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.73-1.25), 1.30 (95% CI: 0.99-1.71), and 2.64 (95% CI: 1.32-5.27) and low HDL was equal to 1.34 (95% CI: 1.06-1.68), 1.61 (95% CI: 1.26-2.05), and 2.24 (95% CI: 1.13-4.42) compared with non-smokers, respectively. The study findings indicate that smoking is associated with lower HDL levels, even after adjusting for potential confounders. The odds of low HDL and high LDL increases with higher smoking intensity. The low HDL and high LDL levels in individuals smoking over 20 cigarettes/day, respectively, show a 2.24-fold and a 2.64-fold increased odds compared to non-smokers. These findings highlight the importance of smoking cessation in relation to lipid profiles and related health risks.

Measurement of cumulative high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio in the risk prediction of type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundConverging data have suggested that monocytic inflammation and C-reactive protein (CRP) are biologically intertwined processes and are involved in diabetogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the association between systemic inflammation assessed by joint cumulative high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CumCRP) and monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (CumMHR) and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their predictive value for T2D in a general population.MethodsA total of 40,813 nondiabetic participants from a prospective real-life cohort (Kailuan Study, China) were followed biennially from 2010/2011 until December 31, 2020. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of incident diabetes.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 7.98 (IQR: 5.74–8.87) years, 4848 T2D cases developed. CumMHR and CumCRP were alone or jointly associated with incident T2D after adjusting for potential confounders. Elevated CumMHR levels significantly increased the risk of incident diabetes in each CumCRP strata (P-interaction: 0.0278). Participants with concomitant elevations in CumMHR and CumCRP levels had the highest risk (aHR: 1.71, 95% CI 1.52–1.91) compared to both in the low strata. Notably, the coexposure-associated T2D risk was modified by age, sex, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and prediabetes status. C-statistics increased from 0.7377 to 0.7417 when CumMHR and CumCRP were added into the multivariable-adjusted model, with a net reclassification improvement (%) of 12.39 (9.39–15.37) (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsCumulative hsCRP and MHR were both independently and jointly associated with an increased risk of T2D and their addition to established risk factors should improve risk prediction and reclassification of diabetes.

The non-linear link between non-high-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratio and the risk of stroke in middle-aged and older adults in Chinese: a prospective cohort study from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.

This study aims to assess the association between the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio and stroke risk among middle-aged and older adults participating in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). This study conducted a prospective cohort analysis, enrolling a total of 10,183 participants who met the designated criteria from CHARLS between 2011 and 2012. We then used the Cox proportional-hazards regression model to explore the relationship between baseline non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio and stroke risk. Using a Cox proportional hazards regression with cubic spline function, we were able to identify the non-linear relationship between the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio and stroke occurrence. A series of sensitivity analyses were also carried out. The average age of the participants included in this study was 59.16 ± 9.35 years, and 4,735 individuals (46.68%) were male. Over a median follow-up period of 7.0 years, a total of 1,191 people (11.70%) experienced a stroke. Using a Cox proportional hazards regression model that was fully adjusted, we found no statistically significant correlation between the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio and the risk of stroke (HR=1.022; 95% CI 0.964, 1.083). Nevertheless, we did observe a non-linear relationship and saturation effect between the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio and stroke. Employing a two-piece Cox proportional hazards regression model and a recursive algorithm, we determined an inflection point of 2.685 for the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio. In instances where the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio fell below 2.685, for every 1-unit decrease in the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio, the likelihood of stroke decreased by 21.4% (HR=1.214, 95% CI: 1.039-1.418). In contrast, when the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio exceeded 2.685, there was no statistically significant change in the risk of stroke for each unit decrease in the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio (HR: 0.967, 95% CI: 0.897-1.042). The consistency of these findings across multiple sensitivity analyses suggests their robustness. This study unveils a non-linear relationship between the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio and stroke risk in middle-aged and older adults in China. Specifically, when the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio was below 2.685, a significant and clearly positive association with stroke risk was observed. Additionally, maintaining the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio below 2.685 could potentially lead to a substantial reduction in the risk of stroke.

Systemic inflammatory response index and monocyte-to-high density lipoprotein ratio- new biomarkers remarking the inflammation in primary sarcopenia: The SIMPS study.

To investigate the relationship of sarcopenia with systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) and platelet parameters in geriatric patients. We designed across-sectional retrospective study in patients presented to ageriatric outpatient clinic for the first time. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was made in accordance with the EWGSOP2 criteria. SIRI, MHR, mean platelet volume /Platelet count (MPV/Plt), platelet distribution width /Platelet (PDW/Plt), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated from fasting blood test results at the time of admission. Among 262 patients, 79 patients (30.1%) with sarcopenia had significantly higher frequencies of delirium, hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease and probable depression (p=0.010; p=0.018; p=0.034; p<0.001). Malnutrition scores and cognitive impairment scores were significantly lower in sarcopenic group (p<0.001 for both). Patients with sarcopenia had significantly higher MHR, SIRI and C-reactive protein values than patients without sarcopenia (p<0.001; p=0.001 and p=0.006, respectively). No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of MPV/Plt, PDW/Plt, PLR (p=0.605; p=0.920; p=0.510). Area under the curve for MHR was 0.675 (95% CI: 0.604-0.746, p0.99. The finding of higher MHR and SIRI in geriatric sarcopenia patients supports low-grade chronic inflammation in the pathophysiology of sarcopenia. These non-invasive, cost-effective and simple parameters based on traditional peripheral blood cell counts may be warning signs for sarcopenia in the geriatric population (Tab. 3, Fig. 1, Ref. 25). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: primary sarcopenia, inflammation, systemic inflammation response index, monocyte/high-density lipoprotein ratio, platelet parameters.