Ratio Of Girls Research Articles

A MESOCORTICOLIMBIC INSULIN RECEPTOR GENE CO-EXPRESSION NETWORK MODERATES THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EARLY LIFE ADVERSITY AND FOOD APPROACH EATING BEHAVIOUR STYLE IN CHILDHOOD

Insulin receptors, located in brain regions associated with reward sensitivity and decision-making, facilitate insulin action in the brain, modulating intracellular signaling cascades, gene expression, and neural activity. Here, we tested if variations in the expression of the insulin receptor gene network in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum (STR) moderates the association between early life adversity and eating behaviour in childhood and if this moderation is sex-specific. Participants from the Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment (MAVAN) and Basal Influences on the Baby´s Development (BIBO) were included as two independent cohorts. A biologically-informed polygenic score reflecting functional variation of the mesocorticolimbic insulin receptor gene network was created by using insulin receptor co-expression data from the PFC and STR in mice, and validated in humans through filtering by homologous expression in PFC using well-known databases. Early life adversity exposure was measured as a composite score. Eating behaviour was characterized using the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire administered to mothers of children aged 4 and 6 years in MAVAN, and 6 years in BIBO. We found that only in those with high expression of the mesocorticolimbic insulin receptor gene network a higher early adversity score associated with a higher desire to drink in 4-year boys and 6-year girls, as well as a higher food approach score and food approach/food avoidance ratio in 4-year girls. Also, a higher early life adversity was associated with higher food responsiveness, food approach score and food approach/food avoidance ratio at 6 years in the MAVAN full sample. The moderation observed on desire to drink was partially found in BIBO children aged 6 years. Identifying individual differences in response to early adversity may help to prioritize individuals at high risk for long-term disease and to design suitable interventions.

Congenital Epidermolysis Bullosa Epidemiology among Children of Russian Federation

Background. The prevalence of all types of congenital epidermolysis bullosa (СEB) worldwide is approximately 11 cases per 1 million according to the latest data from the American Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry. Data on the prevalence of СEB in Russian Federation is scattered, while data on life expectancy and mortality for this this disease is absent. This article presents medical and epidemiological data on children with СEB in Russian Federation. Objective. The aim of the study is to analyze clinical and epidemiological features of children with СEB in Russian Federation. Methods. We have performed analysis of the clinical and epidemiological features among pediatric population of Russian Federation with СEB using the “Registers of Genetic and Other Rare Diseases” of the “Butterfly Children” charitable foundation. Results. There are 491 children with СEB in Russian Federation as of 2024 according to the national registry data from “Registers of Genetic and Other Rare Diseases” of the “Butterfly Children” charitable foundation. The ratio of boys and girls was 1.08:1, that is relevant to the global data. The prevalence of CEB in children aged from 0 to 17 years in Russian Federation is 15.48 cases per 1,000,000 children as of January 1, 2024. The highest number of children with CEB were revealed in the Republic of Dagestan — 54 (11%) children, which is apparently due to the high rate of consanguineous marriages (50%). Other regions with high prevalence are Moscow Region (n = 28, 5.7%), Moscow (n = 25, 5.1%), Saint Petersburg (n = 26, 5.2%) and Krasnodar Territory (n = 23, 4.6%). Largest age group of children (from 12 to 18 years) includes 146 patients with mean age of 14.32 ± 1.72 years. The most common form of CEB is dystrophic one — 261 patients, the next one is simplex — 191 patients, then junctional form — 31 patient, and Kindler syndrome — 8 patients. The birth rate of children with CEB by year during the period from 2019 to 2023 (per 100,000 children born): 2019 — 1.42, 2020 — 2.09, 2021 — 2.65, 2022 — 2.76 and 2023 — 1.74. The arithmetic mean birth rate of children with CEB over a five-year period was 2.13 cases per 100,000 children born. The registry contains information on 22 deceased patients, average age was 3.06 ± 4.66 (from 0 to 15 years, median 0.54 years). The highest number of fatal outcomes was observed in the Republic of Dagestan (n = 3). Junctional CBE dominates in fatal outcomes among all the CEB types — 59.1% (n = 13 cases, 0.40 ± 0.22 years). The highest mortality was observed in I age group (from 0 to 1 year), which is 65.2% (15 fatal outcomes). Multisystem organ failure resulting from sepsis was the most common cause of death in both types of CEB (junctional and dystrophic). The mortality trend in the junctional form of CEB shows a decline in mortality, while the dystrophic type shows a stable situation during 2021–2023 years — 2 fatal outcomes per year. Junctional CEB has higher mortality rate at early age: survival curve shows sharp decline in the first months of life indicating high mortality in early life. The probability of survival drops to almost 0% in the first 100 days. Higher survival rate is more specific for the dystrophic type of CEB. Conclusion. This study demonstrates the significance and necessity to create and maintain registers for rare (orphan) diseases. Registry maintenance is an effective model for real understanding of the number of patients and value of needed assistance from the government to this category of patients.

Effect of skipping on body mass index, waist to hip ratio and muscle strength in overweight adolescent girls

Overweight problems in adolescents tend to increase, with obese nutritional status prevalence for Indonesian teenagers in group aged–13-15 and 16-18 years respectively 11,2% and 9,5%. This study aimed to analyze the effect of skip training on the body mass index for age z-score (BAZ), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and muscle strength in overweight adolescent girls. The method of this research was a quasi-experimental design using a subject study of 28 female students, which were divided into two groups: those age between 15-18 years old. The research was conducted at Senior High School 1 West Sumatra and Batipuh from October to December 2023. The skipping group received 4-8 minutes of exercise 3 times per week for 8 weeks of intervention. The statistical analysis employed a paired t-test and simple regression linear test. The results of this study revealed that skipping intervention had a significant effect on the reduction of BAZ (p<0,05; R2=0,286) and WHR (p<0,05; R2=0,174) in the skipping group compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in the muscle strength between the skipping and control groups (p>0,05; R2=0,049). In conclusion, skipping for a duration of 4-8 minutes conducted three times a week for 8 weeks, which reduced the value of BAZ and WHR in adolescent girls.

The iceberg model of suicidal ideation and behaviour in Danish adolescents: integration of national registry and self-reported data within a national birth cohort.

Hospital records are used to identify suicide attempts in many countries but not all individuals present to hospital after a suicide attempt i.e., suggesting a 'hidden number'. Our aim was to present the prevalence of suicide ideation, plans, attempts, and suicides among Danish adolescents, including attempts not resulting in hospital contact. The study population consisted of participants in the Danish National Birth Cohort participating in an 18-year follow-up, with individual-level linkage to national register data. Prevalence was estimated with a variable with mutually exclusive categories ranging from no suicidality to self-reported suicide ideation, -plans, -attempt and hospital-recorded suicide attempt and stratified on sex and parental income. The 'hidden number' was estimated as the ratio between suicide attempts with and without hospital contact. Among 47 858 participants, all aged 18-years, 36% girls and 28% boys reported suicide ideation at least once in their life. In addition, 6% girls and 3% boys had either reported or been recorded with a suicide attempt. For every attempt recorded in the hospital setting, two girls (ratio, 1:2) and six boys (ratio, 1:6) reported having attempted suicide without hospital contact. The prevalence of any suicide attempt was 8% and 3% in the lowest and highest income group, respectively. Before age 18, 0·011% girls and 0·016% boys had died by suicide. In conclusion, suicidal ideation and behaviour are common in adolescents and there is a substantial 'hidden number' of adolescents with suicide attempt. These results emphasize the need for early age suicide preventive interventions in community-settings e.g., school environments.

Antibiogram and susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates of urinary tract infection among children and adolescents at a tertiary care hospital

Background: UTI is one of the major causes of morbidity among children and adolescents in developing countries like Pakistan, where precise knowledge of causative micro-organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns remains inadequate. To identify common organisms involved in urinary tract infection and their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns among children & adolescents. Material and Methods : This retrospective descriptive study was conducted on urine cultures reports of children less than 18 year presented with suspected UTI in Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital between the periods of January 2020 to December 2022 were taken. Urine sample cultured on CLED agar plates, micro-organism were identified by performing their morphological & biochemical tests. Results: Urine culture reports of 500 patients of age <18 years with suspected UTI were collected, out of which 102 were positive. The most common age for UTI was 5-11 years. The ratio of boys and girls was 30 and 72 respectively. Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial species were recovered. The ratio of gram negative to gram positive was 94 and 8 respectively. Among Gram-negative bacterial species, E. coli was the most common organism. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of E. coli showed that susceptibility to commonly prescribed drugs as follows Gentamicin (80%), co-amoxiclav (52%), Trimethoprim- Sulfamethoxazole (19%), Cephalosporin’s (8%), and Amoxicillin (5%). Susceptibility to Nitrofurantoin & Fosfomycin was 80% and 63% respectively. Conclusion: E.coli was the most common organism Isolated. Co-amoxiclav, Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin have good susceptibility profile among the oral drugs and Gentamicin has high susceptibility among injectables. Keywords: Urinary tract infection, Antibiotic sensitivity, Urine culture

Household Food Security is Associated with Central Obesity but Not with Overweight and Obesity in Early Adolescence in the City of Colombo in Sri Lanka: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: The prevalence of overnutrition among early adolescents in the city of Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka is rising steeply and the precise reason for the epidemic remains unclear. According to the insurance hypothesis, proximate driver of obesity could be food insecurity rather than food abundance per se. Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the association between household food security status and overweight, obesity and central obesity in early adolescence in the city of Colombo. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted using 634 randomly selected adolescents aged 11-13 years in the city of Colombo, in which subjects were recruited using multistage stratified cluster sampling technique. Household food security score was assessed using USDA 18 Item Household Food Security/ Hunger Survey Module, while height, weight and waist circumference were measured. BMI-for-age Z score was calculated using WHO AnthroPlus software and waist: height ratio was calculated. Partial correlation between household food security score and BMI-for-age Z score and waist:height ratio were analyzed, after adjusting for daily energy intake, physical activity level, pubertal stage, birth weight and age. Results: Household food security score was not associated with BMI-for-age Z score (p>0.05). Household food security score was inversely and weakly (r=-0.373) associated with waist:height ratio (p = 0.002) in girls but not in boys. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity are not associated with food security status, however food secure girls tend to have more fat distribution in the abdominal area.

Myopia progression in school children with prolonged screen time during the coronavirus disease confinement.

Myopia, the most common refractive error, is a global public health problem with substantial visual impairment if left untreated. Several studies have investigated the association between increased near-work and restricted outdoor activities in children with myopia; however, such studies in children without myopia are scarce. We aimed to monitor the effect of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) home confinement and mandatory virtual learning on myopic progression among myopic and non-myopic school-aged children. We conducted a retrospective chart review of children aged 6 - 12 years attending regular visits to the pediatric ophthalmology clinic in a tertiary eye hospital in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Cycloplegic refraction was determined from three visits at least six months apart: two visits before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and one during the COVID-19 home confinement. Parents were asked about the time spent in near-work and outdoor activities, the devices used during virtual learning, and the demographic characteristics of the children. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare myopia progression before and during the COVID-19 home confinement. A total of 160 eyes of 80 children were analyzed. The boy (n = 46) to girl (n = 34) ratio was 1.4:1. The hyperopia (n = 131 eyes) to myopia (n = 29 eyes) ratio was 4.5:1. Most eyes exhibited a hyperopic shift before the confinement; however, all eyes displayed a myopic shift during the confinement. When comparing both eyes of the same individual, the more myopic or less hyperopic eye in the same child had a significantly greater myopic shift than the fellow eye (both P < 0.05). Children who used tablets showed a significant myopic shift (P < 0.05). Likewise, children in both age categories ( ≤ 8 and > 8 years), boys, those living in an apartment, and those having parents with bachelor's degrees experienced a significant myopic shift during COVID-19 home confinement compared to before (all P < 0.05). The mean myopic shift was greater in children aged > 8 years than in those aged ≤ 8 years. Children with and without a family history of myopia had a myopic shift in the mean spherical equivalent during COVID-19 home confinement; however, that of children with no family history was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Progression of myopia accelerated in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Excessive time spent on digital screen devices at near distances is considered a substantial environmental contributor to myopic shift in children. Further multicenter studies with extended follow-up periods are needed to assess the factors contributing to myopic progression in our population.

Coagulation disorders in children with acute pancreatitis at the Vietnam National Children's hospital

Various hematological abnormalities including coagulation factor abnormalities, leukocytosis, acute hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy have been reported in acute pancreatitis patients. The purpose of this descriptive cross - sectional study was to describe characteristics of coagulation disorders in 96 children with acute pancreatitis at the Vietnam National Children's Hospital. rom January 2022 to March 2023. Results showed that the mean age of children was 6.2 ± 3.2 years old, and the boy to girl ratio was 1.2 to 1, 69.8% of children had coagulation disorders. Of the 67 children who had abnormal coagulation tests, 64.2% had hypercoagulability, 35.8% had mixed hypercoagulability, 28.4% had fibrinolysis and 25.4% had disseminated intravascular coagulation. Most coagulation disorders cases showed no clinical manifestations and only 3.1% had thrombosis and hemorrhage. The factors associated with coagulopathy were hyperlipidemia and pancreatic necrosis. In conclusion, although coagulation disorders showed up in a high percentage of children with acute pancreatitis, they are difficult to be recognized based on clinical manifestations. This highlights the importance of early identification based on hemostasis testing, as it can lead to better overall management and treatment.

Dietary Diversity Score and Nutritional Status of Adolescent Girls with Anemia in Bandung Region

This study aimed to determine the association between Dietary Diversity Scores (DDS) and nutritional status among adolescent girls with anemia. Seventy-one adolescent girls aged 15−17 years from high schools in Bandung were selected using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS). The data on the sociodemographic characteristics, health and nutritional status, and DDS of the subjects were collected. Results showed that the mean DDS was classified as high. There was no significant association between DDS and BMI-for-age Z-score (BAZ) and Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) in adolescent girls with anemia (p&gt;0.05). Therefore, DDS was not associated with nutritional status in adolescent girls with anemia.

Is the Eutos Long Term Survival (ELTS) Score a Useful Marker to Predict Outcome in Children with Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) in Chronic Phase (CP)? the Experience of the International Registry of Childhood CML

Aims. CML is a very rare disease in children. The present work aims to describe the characteristics of children with CML in chronic phase (CP) and to determine the outcome of this pediatric population. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed children with CML in CP registered in The International Registry of Childhood Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (I-CML-Ped Study; www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01281735) which represents the largest cohort of children with CML. Results. Between January 2011 and March 2021, 576 CML patients less than 18 years of age at diagnosis were registered. We retrospectively selected 535 (92.8 %) children in CP according to the European leukemia net (ELN) criteria at diagnosis. Boys accounted for 58% of all patients with a boy to girl ratio of 1.25. The median age at diagnosis was 12.4 years (range, 8 months to 18 years). The most common symptoms at presentation were asthenia, weight loss and abdominal pain in 46%, 25% and 23% of the patients, respectively. CML in CP was diagnosed incidentally in 80 (16%) children when a blood assessment was performed for medical reasons. At diagnosis, thrombosis was observed in only one patient whilst 20% of the children presented with bleeding. Bleeding signs were associated with a higher frequency of palpable spleen (p=0.0007), higher leukocyte (p&amp;lt;0.0001) and platelets (p=0.02) counts, and a lower hemoglobin level (p=0.02). Clinical signs of leukostasis were observed in 88 (16.5%) patients. At diagnosis, spleen was palpable in 76% of the patients with a median of 9 cm (range, 1 to 32) below the costal margin. The median leukocyte count was 222 G/L (quartile 95-353). There is no statistical difference between boys and girls in terms of frequency of signs of leukostasis, frequency of splenomegaly, spleen size, median of the leucocyte count and hemoglobin level but the median of the platelet count was significantly higher in girls (p&amp;lt;0.0001). The majority (67%) of the children was allocated to the low-risk group according to the Eutos Long Term Survival (ELTS) score. First line therapy consisted of imatinib in 482 children with a median follow up of 4.6 years (IQR. 2.2-8.4). Among them, 208 (43%) children remained on imatinib with a median follow up of 2.9 years (IQR. 1.5-5.6). The main reason for switching (38.7% of the switches) was failure to achieve hematologic, cytogenetic or molecular response. Among the patients treated with imatinib first line, 15 (3.1%) children died and the probability of overall survival at 36 months was 97.4% (95% CI: 95-99%) (Figure 1). ELTS score was calculated for 406 of these patients: the 3-year survival rate was 98.1.% (95% CI: 96.3-100%), 94.4% (95% CI: 89.1-99.9%) and 95% (95% CI: 88.5-100%) in the low-, intermediate- and high-risk group, respectively (p logrank=0.009). Nineteen of these patients (3.9%) switched from imatinib to another treatment due to progression (accelerated or blastic phase). Progression free survival (PFS) rate at 3-years was 97.1% (95% CI: 94.9-99.2%), 91.7% (95% CI:84.5-98.3%) and 72.0% (95% CI: 59-87.9%) in the ELTS low-, intermediate- and high-risk group, respectively (p logrank&amp;lt;0.001) (Figure 2). Conclusion. The analysis of clinical and biological parameters of the largest cohort of children with CML in CP demonstrated that pediatric CML is characterized by a bulky disease (large splenomegaly, high leucocyte counts). However, these characteristics did not translate in a low rate of response and the outcome was similar to adults. While the ELTS score can identify children with the poorest outcome, a refined prognostic score specific for the pediatric population needs to be established and validated.

1694. Joint Fluid Cell Count of Septic Arthritis Patients Diagnosed with Positive Culture in Children

Abstract Background Septic arthritis is one of serious pediatric infections that could result motor comorbidities. Historically, joint fluid cell count of 50,000 and over cells/mm3 has been used for presumptive diagnosis of septic arthritis while awaiting for culture result. Our aim of study was to evaluate joint fluid cell count for diagnosis among septic arthritis patients confirmed with positive culture in children. Methods Patients with septic arthritis were included at Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center from March 2010 to March 2023. Septic arthritis was confirmed with positive joint fluid culture for a pathogenic organism. Patients with negative joint fluid culture and patients without joint fluid cell count were excluded. Electrical charts were retrospectively reviewed for demographic data, timing of arthrocentesis, culture result and joint fluid cell count. Results A total of 95 patients with septic arthritis were identified. After excluding patients with negative culture and without joint fluid cell count, 22 patients were included for our study. Median age was 5 (IQR: 2-10) years old. Girl ratio was 45%. The median joint fluid cell count was 19,575 (IQR: 6,806-47,388) cells/mm3. Patients with 50,000 and over cells/mm3 was 23%. The median time from onset to arthrocentesis was 3 (IQR: 2-5) days. The isolated organisms were methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (50%), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (9%) and Streptococcus pyogenes (27%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5%) and Salmonella spp (5%). The infected joints were hip (59%), knee (23%), ankle (14%), elbow (5%) and shoulder (5%). One patient had hip and ankle arthritis. Nine patients were complicated with septic osteomyelitis. The Pearson correlation coefficient between days from onset of symptoms to puncture and the number of joint cells was 0.093 (p=0.681). (Figure 1) Conclusion Majority of patients with septic arthritis confirmed with joint fluid culture did not exceed joint fluid cell 50,000 cells/mm3. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

The Urinary Concentrations of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin, Cystatin C and Osteopontin in the Healthy Term and Stable Preterm Neonates: A Pilot Study.

In neonates, the assessment of kidney function with serum creatinine is limited; therefore, more effective biomarkers are needed. The study aimed at analyzing the concentrations of renal biomarkers (osteopontin, cystatin C, and NGAL) in neonates. The study included 80 term and 20 preterm neonates aged 28-33 weeks of gestation. Biomarkers were measured in urine. Term neonates' urine was collected on the 1st day of life. Preterm neonates' urine was collected on the 1st, 8th, 15th, 22nd day of life. Biomarkers' concentrations were normalized to urinary creatinine (cr.) and presented as urinary biomarker/cr. ratios. Median values of biomarker/creatine ratios in term and preterm neonates were the following: cystatin C/cr.: 7.26 and 439.49; osteopontin/cr.: 135.86 and 1633.37; NGAL/cr. in girls: 212.14 and 256.93; and NGAL/cr. in boys 27.123 and 65.29 ng/mg cr. In preterm neonates the cystatin C/cr. ratio was higher on the 1st than on the 8th day. The osteopontin/cr. ratio did not differ between the days. The NGAL/cr. ratio in girls was higher on the 8th than on the 22nd day, and in boys, the lowest was on the 22nd day. Prematurity in stable, Caucasian neonates might cause higher osteopontin and cystatin C excretion, but not NGAL. The excretion of NGAL and cystatin C, but not osteopontin, may change during first weeks of premature neonate's life.

Poverty, women's autonomy, and girls' educational attainment at the higher secondary level: Insight from the Indian states

AbstractIn 2020, the Gross Enrollment Ratio of girls at the higher secondary level in India was 52.4%, down from 98.7% at the elementary level. This difference indicates a serious dropout rate among girls at higher levels of education. This dynamic motivates the twin objectives of this paper. We provide an overview of the scope and determinants of girls' current educational attainment at the higher secondary level for different states in India. In this attempt, we scrutinize the role of poverty and women's autonomy on the educational attainment of girls at the higher secondary level. A self‐developed socioeconomic index is used as a proxy for wealth status which is divided into five quintiles representing the poverty scenario of each state. Women's autonomy is measured by another self‐developed index: the Women's Autonomy Index. The empirical analysis is facilitated by the application of various statistical and econometric tools including multiple regression on the NFHS‐4 data for 28 Indian states. The empirical results suggest that the enhancement of women's autonomy and reductions in poverty enhance girls' educational attainment at the higher secondary level.

Effect of Mahapaishacika Ghrta in the Management of ADHD - Case Series

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed childhood psychiatric disorder. It is a neuro-developmental disorder characterized by problems in paying attention and hyperactivity–impulsivity which is inappropriate for the age of the child. Children with ADHD have been found to have Cognitive deficits, lower IQ, Impaired social relationships with in the family and with peers as well as poor study skills and lower academic achievement. The disease most commonly affects the children of age group 6 to 12. Despite being most commonly studied and diagnosed mental disorder in children, the cause is yet not known in majority cases. W.H.O. (World Health Organization) estimated that it affected 39 million people as of 2013. ADHD prevalence is estimated to be 5% for the Indian pediatric population. 5 to 7% children are getting affected with similar rates in various countries. It is found more commonly in boys than in girls (ratio 3:1). In Ayurveda, disorders related to psychiatric and behavioral disturbances are discussed under the chapter of Unmada. The cardinal features of ADHD resemble features of Vata-pitta predominant Unmada. This disorder affects mind as well as body because of having Adhishṭhana in both Sharīra and Mana. Five diagnosed cases of ADHD from OPD of Manassanthi, Vaidyaratnam P S Varier Ayurveda College, Kottakkal, were given Mahapaishacika Ghrta in a dose of 10ml twice daily 1 hour after food for 1 month period. Severity of symptoms was assessed by using Conner’s Revised Rating Scale on 0th day, 16th day, 31st day and after 15 days. There was a significant improvement in the Conner’s Revised Rating Scale after Ayurvedic management and follow up.

Empathy in the Prevention of Cyber-aggression

The development of life skills is an important factor in the prevention of cyber-aggression. The most important skill is the ability of empathize. Empathy leads to greater sensitivity to other people, altruism, care, tolerance, and acceptance of differences. This ability is thus rightly desirable in a pluralistic cyberspace, allowing people to function together and express opinions without mutual vilification, humiliation, or abuse. The generation of “screenagers” is significantly threatened by modern socio-pathological phenomena. Emotional laxity and failure of emotional life are to blame for all of this. The study presents the results of research on the verification of the effectiveness of preventive activities aimed at the empathetic experience of pupils in the natural and digital environment. The research sample consisted of 30 pupils aged 9 to 10 years. Half of the pupils (N=15) represented the experimental group and the other half (N=15) the control group. The ratio of girls and boys was approximately equal. The research results showed that the experimental group reported a significantly higher level of empathy than the control group after completing the preventive activities (p = 0.04 &gt; ? = 0.05). The preventive program used in our research included self-experience activities, which, according to our expectations, increased the ability of empathy in the experimental group. At the same time, our findings confirm previous research verifying the mutual correlation between the level of empathy and experiences with cyber-aggression.

СРАВНЕНИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ФИЗИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ И ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ ПОДГОТОВЛЕННОСТИ ПЕРВОКУРСНИКОВ С РАЗНЫМ СОСТОЯНИЕМ ЗДОРОВЬЯ, ПЕРЕНЕСШИХ COVID-19

To study the "post-covid syndrome," as a natural consequence of the pathological course of the new coronavirus infection "covid-19," data from a retrospective analysis of the incidence and testing of motor abilities of freshmen in 2022 are presented. The incidence rate of covid-19 among 2022 freshmen was significantly higher than among 2021 freshmen and had two peaks in October 2021 and February 2022. The ratio of girls who had been ill and did not have covid-19 was significantly higher than in the group of boys. Among young men who had recovered from covid-19, 14.86% belonged to a special medical group, while among those who were not sick, only 4.27% belonged to a special medical group. In the group of girls who had had covid-19, 17.45% belonged to the special medical group, and 11.42% among those who were not sick. Among young men who had been ill and did not have covid-19, 68.92 and 68.29% of freshmen, respectively, had a normal level of body mass index (BMI); 13.51 and 14.63% − reduced BMI values, and 16.22 and 13.42% − high BMI values. Among girls, 64.98 and 69.84% of freshmen were characterized by normal BMI values; 21.52 and 19, 34% − reduced values, and 13.08 and 8.86% − high BMI. Comparison of physical fitness indicators of freshmen who had been ill and did not have covid-19 were performed in subgroups with comparable BMI values. In the group of boys and girls with normal body mass index values, there were no significant differences in physical development and physical fitness among students who had been ill and did not have covid-19. In boys and girls with an insufficient body mass index who had recovered from covid-19, the indicators of active orthostatic test were significantly worse than in those who were not sick. In boys with excessive BMI who have had covid-19, the indicators of the hand dynamometry index and resistance to hypoxia were significantly lower than among non-sick fellow students.

Correlation Between Body Fat Composition and Blood Pressure Level Among Medical Students in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital In Pokhara, Nepal

IntroductionIncrease in body fat is a common finding in young adults due to sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy dietary habits predisposing an individual to increase in blood pressure which is a common cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the association between body fat composition and BP level in young adults.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted among 350 students of Manipal College of Medical Sciences from January to June, 2020. A structured proforma was used to collect the required information about the subjects and measurement of height, weight, waist and hip circumference, BP was done following standard methods. Body fat percentage was assessed by skinfold thickness.ResultsThe prevalence of were overweight and obesity was found to be 35.14%. Systolic, diastolic and combined hypertension was found in 64.7%, 53.26% and 57.64% respectively, in overweight and obese population. Increase in body fat percentage in boys and increase in waist hip ratio in girls showed no correlation with increase in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure. However, increase in BMI was strongly correlated (p&lt;0.05) with increase in all the measures of blood pressure- systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure.ConclusionsBody mass index is a better predictor of increased blood pressure level than body fat percentage and waist hip ratio.

1832-PUB: SECRET—Screening and Educating Adolescents for Obesity

Background: India is predicted to have over 27 million children with obesity, representing over half of the children with obesity in the region and 1 in 10 of all children globally. Aim: To study Obesity prevalence in Adolescents and making timely interventions for healthier lifestyle adoption in urban and rural Ahmedabad. Methodology: A team of physician, nurse, pediatrician, educator took up the task of collecting data from schools in the rural and urban areas of Ahmedabad and periphery of 50kms during months of March-May 2022 with prior consent from guardians at 4 schools. Data including height, weight, abdominal girth, neck circumference was collected along with survey on food intake, type, exercise and habits. Adolescents of age category 14-18 yrs were included. Menstrual history was taken. Obesity was defined using the National Center for Disease Control definitions. We used the NHANES proposed cutoff of ≥90th percentile of Waist Circumference for identifying central obesity and Neck Circumference ≥ 50th percentile for identifying obesity. BP measurement and acanthosis assessment was also done. We conducted seminars on healthy eating and physical activity for all kids irrespective of their health status. Results: Total Cohort: 800, 14-18 years with a 1:1 ratio of girls:boys and same in rural and urban areas. There was higher prevalence of overweight in girls compared with boys (16%vs 12%), but the prevalence of obesity is higher in boys than girls (8%vs6%), the prevalence of underweight is slightly higher in boys than girls (21%vs9.5%). Underweight is more prevalent in rural areas vs obesity in urban areas. Conclusion: Screening adolescents for obesity, and making timely interventions for the prevention of disorders through education and appropriate lifestyle interventions can be one step towards a healthy future of the country. There lies necessity for expanding these screening and education programs through ROOTS ie Recognition, Obesity monitoring, Obesity prevention, Treatment and System based approach. Disclosure V.Chavda: None. D.Hasnani: None. S.Hasnani: None. B.Saboo: None. V.Abichandani: None. A.Shrivastava: None. S.Jha: None. B.D.Saboo: None.

Maternal Exposure to Potentially Toxic Metals and Birth Weight: Preliminary Results from the DSAN-12M Birth Cohort in the Recôncavo Baiano, Brazil.

Prenatal exposure to potentially toxic metals (PTM) may impair fetal growth (FG). We investigated the relationship between maternal exposure to lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and manganese (Mn) and birth weight (BW) of 74 newborns. Blood was collected during the second trimester of pregnancy to determine Pb (PbB) and Cd (CdB), while hair (MnH) and toenails (MnTn) were used for Mn. Samples were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS). Sociodemographic and BW data were collected from questionnaires and maternity records, respectively. The medians (P25th-P75th) of PbB, CdB, MnH, and MnTn were, respectively, 0.9 (0.5-1.8) µg/dL; 0.54 (0.1-0.8) µg/L; 0.18 (0.1-0.4) µg/g; and 0.65 (0.37-1.22) µg/g. The means (standard deviation) of birth weight according to sex were 3067 (426.3) and 3442 (431) grams, respectively, for girls and boys. MnTn presented an inverse correlation with the BW/gestational age ratio for girls (rho = -0.478; p = 0.018), suggesting the effect of sex modification. Although BW correlation with CdB was not statistically significant, hierarchical linear regression (beta = -2.08; 95% CI-4.58 to 0.41) suggested a fetotoxic effect. These results confirmed the threat PTMs may represent and the need for more extensive research to elucidate their role in inadequate FG in developing countries.

Retrospective study on the predictive survival variables and therapeutic response in differentiated thyroid cancer

Introduction: The most established endocrine problems are thyroid cancer. Differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) usually come in papillary and follicular forms [1]. Thyroid cancers are now more time-honored than ever, accounting for 1% of all cancer instances recognized yearly [2]. Follicular kinds have a better impact than aggressive anaplastic types, while follicular types have a higher outlook than papillary types. Objective: How long-term survival for patients with unique thyroid carcinomas is predicted to be? Age, sex, bulk size, participation of lymph nodes, far away organ metastasis, surgical intervention, and differentiation Methods: At the medical institution of Zagazig University, the surgical department, 123 patients obtained thyroid surgical process for differentiated carcinoma between 2018 and 2022. (96 for papillary sort most cancers and 27 for follicular kind cancer). Post-operative mortality, histopathology findings (multifocality and differentiation), local and distal lymphatic invasion, Results: Follow-up At the surgical branch of the Zagzig University, ninety-six sufferers with papillary cancer underwent surgery; the typical patient age was once 43.7 /-16.0 years, and the male to girl ratio used to be 1:7. The 5-year mortality price after follow-up used to be 90.9% for papillary forms and 84.0% for follicular types, respectively. The average follow-up period was once 4.6 /- 4.9 years. Twenty-seven instances (average age: 49.5 /- 15.9 years, males: 7, females: 20, male to girl ratio: 0.35%) underwent follicular carcinoma surgery. Conclusions: Age type of pathological character of thyroid tumor affecting the survival of patients