Ratio Engine Research Articles

Analisis Produktivitas Menggunakan Objective Matrix (OMAX) pada lantai produksi Sigaret Kretek Mesin (SKM) PT. Nikorama Citra Tobacco

This study is centered on calculating the productivity of the SKM (rolled kretek cigarette) production floor work station of PT. Nikorama Citra Tobacco from 22 January 2024 to 29 February 2024 which aims to measure the level of productivity in the cigarette production process on the SKM production floor, identify key elements that have the greatest impact on the level of productivity achieved, and propose or recommend improvement steps to increase productivity in the production process on the SKM production floor. This research utilizes the objective matrix method (OMAX) by measuring two elements of productivity, namely the element of efficiency and the element of effectiveness. From these two elements of productivity, six measurement ratios are obtained, labor ratio, production output ratio, working hours ratio, defective product ratio, production time ratio. , engine ratio. The results of this research show that the productivity results of the SKM production floor fluctuate up and down due to the instability of the productivity ratio performance value where the highest productivity occurs on February 22 2024 and the worst productivity on January 22 2024, while the best ratio value occurs in the yield ratio. production and worst ratio values ??on machine ratios. The worst ratio value occurs in the machine ratio so improvements need to be made so that the productivity value can be more optimal.

Mass estimation of ground vehicles based on longitudinal dynamics using loosely coupled integrated navigation system and CAN-bus data with model parameter estimation

This work considers real-time estimation of the mass of ground vehicles equipped with on-board diagnostics (OBD-II) capabilities. The mass is estimated with a recursive least squares filter, based on vehicle longitudinal dynamics using data from a 6-axis inertial measurement unit (IMU), OBD-II data, as well as global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positions. Only basic OBD-II parameters from the controller area network (CAN-bus) are used, including vehicle speed, engine speed, and engine load. This ensures a broad applicability of the presented work. A loosely coupled fusion of IMU data, OBD-II vehicle speed, and GNSS positions is used for vehicle state estimation. The road grade is estimated from the vehicle pitch angle, current gear is predicted from the ratio of engine and vehicle speeds, and engine torque is estimated from a linear regression with engine speed and load as parameters. The regression is carried out using engine torque estimated from the vehicle longitudinal dynamics, assuming a known vehicle mass. Model parameters are estimated from the engine torque regression, utilizing a linear correlation between the engine torque and OBD-II engine load. A method for automatic estimation of vehicle gearing ratio values from drive data is also proposed. The result is a two-phase approach with an initial training phase for parameter estimation, followed by an operational phase where the vehicle mass can be estimated. The methods are validated using data from a modern car. Parameters and regression coefficients are first estimated from a single test drive. Vehicle mass is then estimated using data from 18 drives on an 85 km test route, comprising of more than 1600 km of driving under different condition, including varying vehicle loads, tire pressures, and window openings. Using the fitted model parameters, the model is generally able to estimate masses within ± 5% of the actual. The change in tire pressures and windows openings do not show significant effects on the estimated masses. Ambient wind during the test drives appears to present a significant source of uncertainty in the estimates at higher speeds. A method for compensation of the ambient wind should be investigated.

Fuzzy model predictive control of normalized air-to-fuel ratio in internal combustion engines

In this paper, a fuzzy model predictive controller is developed to reduce the emission pollutants in spark ignition internal combustion engines. The path to this control goal is regulating the amount of normalized air-to-fuel ratio in the engine. In order to generate the simulation data, mean value engine model is simulated. To approximate the nonlinear and fast time-varying dynamics of the engine, a modified fuzzy relational model is trained offline in batch mode. For training, gradient descent back propagation algorithm along with evolutionary asexual reproduction optimization algorithm is used. Nonlinear structure of the fuzzy model of the engine imposes nonlinear optimization to produce control signals. Hence, gradient descent algorithm is used to generate online control signals. The effectiveness and robustness of the controller are evaluated through simulations.

METHODS FOR ORGANIZATION OF WORKING PROCESS FOR GAS-DIESEL ENGINE

Over the past few decades reduction in pollutant emissions has become one of the main directions for further deve- lopment of engine technology. Solution of such problems has led to implementation of catalytic post-treatment systems, new technologies of fuel injection, technology for regulated phases of gas distribution, regulated turbocharger system and, lately, even system for variable compression ratio of engine. Usage of gaseous fuel, in particular gas-diesel process, may be one of the means to reduce air pollution caused by toxic substances and meet growing environmental standards and regulations. In this regard, an analysis of methods for organization of working process for a gas-diesel engine has been conducted in the paper. The paper describes parameters that influence on the nature of gas diesel process, it contains graphics of specific total heat consumption according to ignition portion of diesel fuel and dependence of gas-diesel indices on advance angle for igni-tion portion injection of the diesel fuel. A modern fuel system of gas-diesel engine ГД-243 has been demonstrated in the pa- per. The gas-diesel engine has better environmental characteristics than engines running on diesel fuel or gasoline. According to the European Natural & bio Gas Vehicle Association a significant reduction in emissions is reached at a 50%-substitution level of diesel fuel by gas fuel (methane) and in such a case there is a tendency towards even significant emission decrease. In order to ensure widespread application of gaseous fuel as fuel for gas-diesel process it is necessary to develop a new wor- king process, to improve fuel equipment, to enhance injection strategy and fuel supply control. A method for organization of working process for multi-fuel engine has been proposed on the basis of the performed analysis. An application has been submitted for a patent.

Tumble Motion Generation in Small Gasoline Engines: A New Methodological Approach for the Analysis of the Influence of the Intake Duct Geometrical Parameters

For motorbike and motor scooter applications, the optimization of the tumble generation is considered an effective way to improve the combustion system efficiency and to lower the emissions, considering also that the two-wheels layout represents an obstacle in adopting the advanced post-treatment concepts designed for the automotive applications.During the last years the deep re-examination of the engine design for lowering the engine emissions involved the two-wheel vehicles too. The IC-engine overall efficiency plays a fundamental role in determining the final raw emissions. From this point of view, the optimization of the in-cylinder flow organization is mandatory. In detail, in SI-engines the generation of a coherent tumble vortex having dimensions comparable to the engine stroke could be of primary importance to extend the engines’ ignition limits toward the field of the dilute/lean mixtures.The aim of the paper is to introduce a new analysis approach for a deep insight of the 3D-CFD results performed to assess the intake duct geometry influence on the tumble motion generation during both the intake and the compression strokes. All the CFD simulations presented in the paper were performed by the AVL-FIRE v.2010 CFD code on a SI 4 valve engine characterized by an unit displacement of 250cm3. The tumble structure was changed during the analysis by changing the angle set defining the intake port shape. The stroke-to-bore engine ratio was kept constant to 0.7. The effects of the tumble variations were evaluated in terms of the tumble ratio, the turbulent kinetic energy and the vortex characterization at IVC.

Characterization of Diesel Engine Generator Operating at Different Compression Ratio Fuelled with Palm Oil Biodiesel

Experiment to determine exhaust gas emission and combustion characteristics of a compression ignition generator was carried out. The experiment used single cylinder four strokes direct injection engine which was fuelled with diesel and palm oil methyl ester of B2 (blends 2% palm oil methyl ester with 98% diesel on a volume basis), B5, B7 and B10. The experiment was conducted at a fixed engine speed of 3000 rpm and 50% load with variety compression ratios of 16:1, 18:1, and 20:1and 22:1. Optimum compression ratio, influence of compression ratio on specific fuel consumption and thermal efficiency were examined. Palm oil methyl ester produce better output when the engine operate with variable compression ratio. Specific fuel consumption decrease, NOx increase and thermal efficiency increase when optimum compression ratio of engine is operated.

Exhaust Gas Flow Mixing Model and Application to Individual Cylinder A/F Estimation and Control

This paper investigates a modeling approach for individual air-fuel ratio in engines with multi-cylinders. The input of the model is individual air-fuel ratio and the output is the measurement of air-fuel ratio at the gas mixing point in the exhaust manifold. The model is constructed by following the physics of exhaust gas flows and stochastic treatment. The model is validated by experimental results carried on an engine test bench. Furthermore, as application of the proposed model, an individual air-fuel ratio estimation method with online adjusting is presented and the individual air-fuel ratio is controlled via feedback of estimation by experiment.

9540273 Accurate measurement of controlled air fuel ratio of engine — Correlation between air fuel ratio and NOx emission Haruyoshi Kondo, Yasushi Yamada, Hideaki Takahashi (Toyota Central Research & Development Labs., Inc.), Kazunori Katoh, Takashi Ogawa (Toyota Central Corporation), Osamu Fujishiro, Kiyohiko Watanabe (Nippon Soken, Inc.)

9540273 Accurate measurement of controlled air fuel ratio of engine — Correlation between air fuel ratio and NOx emission Haruyoshi Kondo, Yasushi Yamada, Hideaki Takahashi (Toyota Central Research & Development Labs., Inc.), Kazunori Katoh, Takashi Ogawa (Toyota Central Corporation), Osamu Fujishiro, Kiyohiko Watanabe (Nippon Soken, Inc.)

Some Notes on The Pressure Piping Effects on Fuel Injection

During the last few years the use of the Diesel engine for aircraft has become important; it has advantages and some disadvantages when compared with the petrol engine, and what we are directly concerned with is overcoming, or at least reducing, the disadvantages. The most obvious of these is the relatively high weight-power ratio of the engine, but it is to be hoped that this will be overcome as rapidly as it was in the development of the petrol engine. In any case, the unfavourable weight-power ratio of the compression-ignition engine is, for long flights, offset by the weight of fuel required to be carried.