Ratio Analysis Technique Research Articles

Financial Performance Evaluation using Financial Distress models with reference to Dabur India Ltd

The global FMCG business is expected to reach close to $15000 billion by 2025 in the current era of e-commerce. Accordingly, FMCG is identified as the fourth-largest sector in India. One of the top businesses in India is Dabur India Ltd. As a result, we tried to evaluate the financial patterns and performance during the previous ten years. The main objective of this study is to assess the financial positions with respect to profitability, solvency, liquidity, etc. For the study, the ratio analysis techniques are employed and Financial Distress of Dabur India Ltd is analysed by Altman's Z-Score Model and Zmijewski Model. The study's overall conclusion unequivocally shows that Dabur is benefiting from positive financial performance across the board. This could assist Dabur India in maintaining a strong market share and a leading position in the FMCG industry.

Assessing the Financial Impact of CSR Initiatives in Indian IT Companies

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is increasingly recognized as a vital component of modern business strategy, particularly in the IT sector. CSR initiatives reflect a company’s commitment to ethical practices, environmental sustainability, and social welfare, thereby enhancing its reputation and stakeholder trust. This study explores the financial health and the impact of CSR on the financial performance of Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) and Infosys Limited over a five-year period from 2018-19 to 2022-23. In this study ratio analysis and regression techniques have been used to analyses the financial health of these leading IT companies and examining the impact of CSR spending on financial performance such as net profit margins and Return on Assets (ROA). The comparative analysis highlights that while both companies have shown a strong commitment to CSR, there is no direct impact of CSR spending on their net profit margins or ROA. TCS has consistently demonstrated higher CSR spending, net profit margins, and ROA compared to Infosys, reflecting superior financial management and asset utilization. This study underscores the importance of CSR as a strategic component for reputation and sustainability, even though its direct financial impact remains indeterminate.

Investigation of fraud in the production of butter: a forensic case study of criminal association

Butter is among the most popular and commercially valuable dairy products. Its high commercial value makes it a major target for adulteration, which aims to reduce production costs by using lower-quality fats and oils from other sources. The annual global market is around USD 30 billion (2023), expected to reach USD 36 billion in 2028, which also justifies the enormous interest in adulteration. In this work, a confirmed case of butter adulteration was studied by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Stable Carbon Isotopic Ratio Analysis (SCIRA) techniques, employed to detect the inclusion in butter production of vegetable oils, such as soybean and palm oils. A total of 21 samples seized by the Brazilian Federal Police were analysed by NMR and SCIR, and compared to original butter obtained from commercial sources. The composition of all the seized samples was a mixture of butter (dairy fat of animal origin) with fat of vegetable origin (soybean and palm oil) and did not contain milk as a major component. While NMR was an unequivocal choice to discriminate the chemical composition of food samples, identifying the short-chain saturated fatty acids present in milk fat, including the butyryl alkyl chain, SCIRA was able to discriminate the origin of fat present in the butter samples as C3 sources, such as palm vegetable oils.

Determining the significant contributing factors to the occurrence of human errors in the urban construction projects: A Delphi-SWARA study approach

The construction industry is believed to be more susceptible to human errors than other industries because of its unique characteristics, particularly when it comes to urban construction projects (UCP). Despite the considerable attention given to human errors in construction sector, there has been a lack of emphasis on analysing these errors in specific projects like construction in urban environments with distinct complexities. Hence, this paper seeks to determine and assess the critical factors influencing human errors associated with the UCP. In this vein, Three rounds of Delphi surveys were done with 17 specialists in safety and construction management. According to the Delphi survey results, 35 substantial factors that contribute to the incidence of human errors in the UCP were discovered. Then, an empirical questionnaire based on the 5-point Likert scale of measurement was developed and distributed among 37 construction experts to assess the level of impact that each factor on occurring human error in the UCP. The questionnaire had 35 influential factors related to human errors, categorised into five primary divisions (environmental, technological/information systems, individual (permanently related), individual (temporarily related), and organisational). Before the distribution, the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were evaluated and confirmed. The factors were ranked using the Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) technique at this point. The research findings indicated that the criterion of “technological factors/information systems” is the most crucial, with the criterion of “individual factors (permanently related)” coming in second and the criterion of “environmental factors” coming in third. The sub-criterion “weak maintenance management systems” scores first in the general ranking of sub-criteria, indicating traditional network systems, the absence of appropriate tools and equipment, and a lack of understanding of required resources. The sub-criterion “defects in details and information and lack of design dynamism” is placed second, while the sub-criterion “violation of safety regulations (use of drugs, etc.)” is ranked third. The study results can help industry practitioners make more educated judgements to minimise and manage human errors in the UCP.

Empirical Study to Evaluate Financial Fitness of Listed Commercial Banks of Pakistan

The main purpose of this research is to find the effect of financial fraud, bank size, liquidity, solvency, and efficiency on the financial performance of selected Pakistani commercial banking sector. This research is conducted for assessing the financial stability of the commercial Banking sector of Pakistan. In this research, the ratio analysis technique is adopted for investigating the financial performance of the Banking Sector for the period 2012 to 2018. This study found that bank size, financial fraud, efficiency, solvency and liquidity have a significant impact on the financial performance of commercial banks in Pakistan. This research suggested that commercial banking zone working in Pakistan should be brought into being place fraud discernment appliance by framing up a well-organized and systematic, well-established, and reliable and operating fraud detection sub-division to supervise all the transactions that are contemplated vulnerable to fraudulent practices to minimization vice for them to maximization of profits for better monetary/financial progress/performance.

Experimental investigation of mechanical properties and multi-objective optimization of electronic, glass, and ceramic waste-mixed concrete.

The utilization of waste from various sources plays an important role in minimizing environmental pollution and civil construction costs. In this research, the mechanical properties of concrete were studied by mixing electronic waste (EW), glass powder (GW), and ceramic tile waste (CW). The effects of weight percentages of EW, GW, and CW are considered to investigate improvements in mechanical properties such as compressive strength (CS), split tensile strength (STS), and flexural strength (FS) of concrete. Taguchi analysis has been applied to predict the optimum composition of waste mixing percentages. The Multi-Objective Optimization Ratio Analysis (MOORA) techniques are applied to estimate the optimum composition of mixing wastes for maximizing the CS, STS, and FS of concrete. It was observed that 10 wt.% of EW, 15 wt.% of GW, and 30 wt.% of CW are predicted as the optimal mixing combinations to obtain a maximum compressive strength of 48.763 MPa, a split tensile strength of 4.178 MPa, and a flexural strength of 7.737 MPa, respectively. Finally, the predicted optimum waste-mixed weight percentages were used to examine the microstructure and various elements in the concrete using SEM and XRD analysis. When compared to conventional concrete, the optimum waste-mixed concrete has improved its compressive strength (38.453%), split tensile strength (41.149%), and flexural strength (36.215%).

Evaluation of sustainable hydrogen production technologies on an industrial scale using comparative analysis of decision-making methods.

Due to its various advantages in different industrial fields, hydrogen can provide energy based on sustainability goals and recreates a critical function in the economy of countries. In this regard, evaluating hydrogen production technologies on an industrial scale is necessary for industrial development and economic growth. Therefore, this study proposes a comprehensive, integrated framework of hybrid fuzzy decision-making for assessing hydrogen production technologies in Iran. In addition to considering sustainability factors, political, technical, and reliability indicators are also assessed in this research to make a comprehensive assessment. The Fuzzy Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (F-SWARA) technique determines the importance of indicators, and the Fuzzy Weighted Aggregates Sum-Product Assessment (F-WASPAS) approach ranks technologies. The weighing findings indicated that the sub-indices of investment cost, technical infrastructure development, and implementation costs were introduced as the most significant sub-indices with weights of 0.226, 0.151, and 0.126, respectively. The evaluation findings with the F-WASPAS method and comparative analysis with various decision-making methods revealed that electrolysis based on solar energy and electrolysis based on wind energy technologies had the highest preference. In this regard, the infrastructure and costs of hydrogen production can be improved by presenting various incentives, such as improving financial conditions while attracting investment and increasing cooperation with top companies. So, sustainable development, economic growth, and industrial development are provided.

Assessment of potential cobalt zones by modeling radiometric and ASTER data using the AHP method: A case of the Bou Azzer El Grara inlier, Central Anti-Atlas, Morocco

The Bou Azzer El Grara inlier belongs to the Central Anti-Atlas range, renowned for its mineral deposits. The study carried out on the inlier aims to identify potential areas of cobalt mineralization based on a multi-source methodology of radiometric and remote sensing data processing. The data used includes hydrothermal alteration minerals (argillic, phyllic, propylitic, iron oxides) mapped with Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) imagery using band ratio and principal component analysis (PCA) techniques, potassium enrichment zones through K/eTh and K/eU ratios calculated from radiometric data, as well as geological data (serpentinite outcrops and geological faults). The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to combine the various thematic layers. Validation was carried out through the field studies in several anomalous zones. The mineral prospectivity map generated highlights nine major zones that appear the most favorable for mineralization, some of which coincide with zones in production and others requiring further exploration.

An integrated quantum picture fuzzy rough sets with golden cuts for evaluating carbon footprint-based investment decision policies of sustainable industries

The purpose of this study is to make evaluation related to the significant determinants of the effectiveness of the carbon footprint-based investments while constructing a novel decision-making model. At the first stage, selected five determinants are evaluated with multi stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (M-SWARA) methodology based on quantum picture fuzzy rough sets. In the second part, sustainable industry alternatives are ranked by quantum picture fuzzy rough sets extended multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis (MOORA) technique. Similarly, elimination and choice translating reality (ELECTRE) approach is also taken into consideration to make a comparative evaluation. The main contribution of this study is that a novel methodology is proposed by integrated picture fuzzy row sets and quantum theory. While using the combination of rough sets and picture fuzzy logic, uncertain data in the complex process can be evaluated in a more effective manner. Moreover, due to the criticisms to stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) methodology by not considering causal relationship of the determinants, this methodology is extended with the help of some improvements so that a new approach (M-SWARA) is proposed to overcome this deficiency by creating impact direction map of the items. The ranking results of these two techniques are the same that indicates the coherency of the findings. It is concluded that carbon-free project financing with green bonds is the most important indicator for this situation. On the other side, the ranking results demonstrate that renewable energy investment is the most appropriate sustainable industry alternative. Considering the results obtained in this study, the development of green bonds should be given priority. Establishing an international certification system is important in terms of clearly defining green bonds. Government supports are also of critical importance in the development of green bonds. Tax reductions provided by governments can increase the profitability of green bonds. This may contribute to investors showing more interest in green bonds.

Analisis Profitabilitas Pada Perbankan Konvensional Yang Menjalin Kerjasama Dengan Start Up Fintech

Disruptive technological developments in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 make Financial Technology (Fintech) increasingly in demand. So that Fintech-based companies called Start Ups are growing rapidly. The ease of Fintech can be a threat to the Banking industry so that Conventional Banking is required to adapt. Therefore, in 2018 Bank BCA established a partnership with a Start Up called KlikAcc and Bank BRI with Go-Pay. This study aims to determine the effect of this collaboration on bank profitability in terms of bank profitability ratios, namely ROA, ROE, and NIM. This research is descriptive statistical with a quantitative approach, Data Source is secondary data obtained from the bank's official website. The technique of determining population is to take data from annual published financial statements. The sample size is the income statement for each annual period. Sampling technique with purposive sampling. Data collection procedures with documentation, literature studies and internet research. Data analysis techniques are profitability ratio analysis techniques and statistical analysis. Test Hypothesis using Difference Test (Sample T-Test). The results showed that at Bank BCA the variables ROA, ROE, and NIM did not have a significant effect. Meanwhile, Bank BRI has similar results where the variables ROA and ROE do not have a significant effect. While the NIM variable has a significant effect. Keywords: Financial Technology, Conventional Bank, Profitability Ratio

Evaluation of business strategies based on the financial performance of the corporation and investors' behavior using D-CRITIC and fuzzy MULTI-MOORA techniques: A real case study

Revealing the complex relationship between corporation-chosen strategies and financial performance is crucial in navigating today's dynamic business landscape. This research delves into the profound impact of business strategies on both corporation performance and investors' behavior, seeking to identify the strategy that yields the highest returns and efficiency for the corporation and its beneficiaries (investors, loan-holders, and stock-holders). This study proposes a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model that integrates the distance correlation-based criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation (D-CRITIC) weighting method with multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis plus full multiplicative form (MULTI-MOORA) technique to evaluate the business strategies of corporations (i.e., defenders, analyzers, reactors, and prospectors). Notably, fuzzy MULTI-MOORA methodology is employed to account for uncertainty, addressing vague, imprecise, and ambiguous input and knowledge. This study is implemented on a real case of the Tehran Stock Exchange on a sample of eighty companies from 2017 to 2021. The study's results underscore the medium analyzers strategy as the optimal alternative among various business strategies, assuming the maximization of benefits for all beneficiaries, and simultaneously specify a prevalent preference for analyzer strategies within Iran's economic landscape. To validate the proposed method, the findings are compared to the other MCDM techniques such as technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), multi-objective optimization on the basis of simple ratio analysis (MOOSRA), simple additive weighting (SAW), viekriterijumsko kompromisno rangiranje (VIKOR), and Taxonomy. Additionally, applying principal component analysis (PCA) as a visualization approach demonstrates the satisfactory performance of the proposed framework. Beyond its scientific contributions, this research holds practical managerial applicability, providing actionable insights for informed decision-making across various fields.

COMPARISON OF THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCES OF THE COMPANIES OPERATING IN THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR TRADE ON BORSA ISTANBUL WITH THE ENTROPY BASED TOPSIS METHOD

The financial performance analysis of the companies operating in the energy sector of the countries will be an important indicator for the countries. Especially with the renewable energy sector gaining importance, the most basic way for companies in the renewable energy sector to be successful and ensure their continuity is to pay attention to their financial performance management and take a role in the global market. It is very important for companies to determine the status of their financial performance. Because of this situation, companies use ratio analysis, one of the methods used in the analysis of financial statements, in order to determine the status of their financial performance. It is used to determine the significant relationships between the accounts in the financial statements with the ratio analysis technique. In this method, mathematical relations are established between accounts or groups of accounts. With the results obtained with mathematical relations, it is tried to reach a judgment about the economic and financial structure of the enterprise.
 The aim of this study is to examine 8 companies operating in the energy sector in Turkey and operating in renewable energy sources among the companies registered in Borsa Istanbul (BIST). The financial statements of 8 companies for the years 2020, 2021, and 2022 will be examined using ratio analysis, one of the financial analysis methods, and their financial performance, liquidity, leverage, activity, and profitability will be examined. The reason for choosing the 2020 period is that it can reach the financial statements, and the number of companies in the renewable energy sector is at its maximum level. In the first chapter, energy and energy resources are defined, and the energy sector in the world and in Turkey is examined. In addition, similar studies in the literature are included in this section. In the second part, financial performance analysis and its methods are mentioned, and the multi-criteria decision-making method is mentioned. In the third part, their financial performances are analyzed and interpreted using the ratio analysis method. After these processes, after weighting the criteria objectively with Entropy methods, the companies were ranked according to their performances by making use of the distances from the ideal solution with TOPSIS, one of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. In the last part, the findings obtained as a result of the application were presented, and in the conclusion part, evaluations were made and interpreted.

Development of Environmental Sensitivity Instruments (Esi) Based on Green Chemistry Principles (Gcp) For Chemistry Learning in High Schools

Objective: The developing environmental sensitivity instruments oriented towards the Green Chemistry Principles (GCP). GCP-oriented environmental sensitivity instrument products feasible in terms of validity and reliability. Theoretical framework: International scientific reports, articles, and publications served as the basis for the theoretical contents. Additionally, produce an instrument on environmental sensitivity that is valid and reliable. Method: Research on the development of instruments for environmental sensitivity was designed in three stages. First stage; design and development of environmental sensitivity grids and instruments based on aspects that have been studied theoretically. Second Stage; content validity testing. Third Stage; Construct Validity Testing and Instrument Reliability. This environmental sensitivity instrument was developed from four aspects, namely Harmony and diversity, environmental balance, interdependence, and sustainability. The indicators of these four aspects are related to the principles of green chemistry (GCP) which can be implemented in chemistry learning. Testing the validity of the content validity ratio (CVR) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) techniques. Results and Conclusion: Reliability testing with the Cronbach's Alpha technique shows that the instrument has a consistency of 0.792 (high). The results of testing the content validity using the CVR technique by eight experts obtained 24 items including in good validity category and one item in valid. The results of the EFA test conducted on 116 high school students in South Sulawesi, Indonesia showed that the sample met the adequacy of the test with the KMO and Barlett's tests. EFA analysis shows that the anti-image correlation of 24 indicators is greater than 0.5 with communality not deviating from the factor analysis, meaning that there is a consistent relationship between the indicators in the four aspects studied. Thus, the GCP-oriented environmental sensitivity instrument is declared valid and reliable to use. Originality/value: The results showed that the instrument for assessing environmental sensitivity in GCP-oriented chemistry learning was declared valid and reliable because it met all the criteria of content validity with CVR, construction validity with EFA, and high instrument reliability. The findings of this study add to knowledge and information about assessment in the realm of environmental sensitivity which of course greatly contributes to learning. There are so many phenomena of environmental damage that need to be addressed around us and that requires a sense of care and sensitivity from teachers, students and the community. Chemistry teachers or other researchers can use this instrument to find out attitudes in the form of students' sensitivity to GCP-oriented environments.

Efektivitas dan Kontribusi Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Pedesaan dan Perkotaan terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten Bojonegoro Tahun 2018-2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the level of effectiveness of land and building tax revenue and how much the contribution of land and building tax to Bojonegoro District Original Revenue. Data collection techniques are carried out using documentation techniques. The data analysis technique used is the effectiveness ratio analysis technique and the contribution ratio analysis technique. This research is a quantitative descriptive research, which is based on an explanation of the numbers. The data in this study are in the form of targets and realization of Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax revenues, as well as targets and realization of Local Own Revenue for Bojonegoro Regency overnight 5 (five) years. The results of the study show that the effectiveness of the Bojonegoro Regency land and building tax from 2018 to 2022 is in the very effective category. Meanwhile, its contribution is included in the category of very less contribution to Regional Original Revenue. It is hoped that the Bojonegoro Regency Government will continue to explore potentials that can increase land and building tax revenues as well as increase the contribution of land and building tax. They need to optimize land and building tax revenues, such as adding tax collection facilities.
 Keywords: Effectiveness; Contributions; Land and Building Tax

Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Pada Badan Pertahanan Nasional Kabupaten Tana Toraja

Analysis of Financial Performance at the National Land Agency of Tana Toraja Regency. The formulation of the problem in this study is the Financial Performance of the National Land Agency of Tana Toraja Regency. The problem in this study is how the Performance of the Revenue and Expenditure Budget at the National Land Agency of Tana Toraja Regency for the 2019-2021 Fiscal Year is viewed from the effectiveness ratio and efficiency ratio. The purpose of this study was to determine the Financial Performance of the National Land Agency of Tana Toraja Regency for the 2019-2021 Fiscal Year in terms of the effectiveness ratio and efficiency ratio. The type of research used in this research is descriptive quantitative. The type of data used in this research is quantitative data. Sources of data conducted in this study are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is ratio analysis, where in the ratio analysis technique there are two formulas used to calculate the numbers, namely effectiveness and efficiency. The results showed that the Financial Performance of the National Land Agency of Tana Toraja Regency when viewed from the level of effectiveness, in 2019 with a value of 83.18% and in 2020 with a value of 90.66% and in 2021 with a value of 93.57%. efficiency in 2019 with a value of 20% in 2020 with a value of 10% and in 2021 with a value of 6%.

Intuitionistic fuzzy EM-SWARA-TOPSIS approach based on new distance measure to assess the medical waste treatment techniques

Due to the potential harm to public health as well as the environment, medical waste treatment have emerged as a critical concern, especially in developing nations. The selection of a suitable medical waste treatment technique (MWTT) is now characterized as a critical multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem because of the incorporation of several competing criteria. This study provides a hybrid MCDM technique for assessing MWTTs concerning social, environmental, economic, and technical criteria in an intuitionistic fuzzy environment. The intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) is a potent tool for expressing ambiguous and vague information efficiently and has proven effective for MCDM problems. In IFS environment a new distance measure and an entropy measure (EM) are introduced by employing the generalized Csiszar f-divergence measure, which are further used to construct the MCDM algorithm. The introduced entropy measure is used to examine the objective weights of criteria, and the distance measure is employed to construct the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) for the assessment of the alternatives. Furthermore, the significance of the criteria for the proposed MCDM technique is evaluated by integrated weights (combining objective and subjective weights). The Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) technique is used to obtain the subjective weights for criteria. Thus, a hybrid MCDM technique, namely IF-EM-SWARA-TOPSIS, is developed. To exhibit the effectiveness and applicability of the suggested framework, a MWTT selection problem in Indian context is depicted. The comparative study and sensitivity assessment are conducted to show the sustainability and stability of the proposed IF-EM-SWARA-TOPSIS technique for ranking the preference order of the MWTTs. Moreover, the practical implications of the proposed method are discussed.

Analysis of Earnings Manipulation Shenanigans in the Financial Statements of PT Garuda Indonesia TBK for the 2017-2021

Financial shenanigans are an act that is done intentionally to provide information that is not true and is intentionally done to hide or distort the company's financial performance or financial condition. Earnings manipulation shenanigans are earnings manipulation that occur because companies try to cover up declines in financial performance and even share prices and try to realize high investor expectations for profits when reporting quarterly/annual company financial information. The purpose of this research is to find out the indications of 7 categories of earnings manipulation shenanigans. The data used is the financial statements of PT Garuda Indonesia Tbk for the 2017-2021 period. The analysis technique used is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods using ratio analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that there are indications of earnings manipulation shenanigans using 7 categories of identification in the financial statements of PT Garuda Indonesia Tbk but not in every year that becomes the research period. The results of the study found indications of recording income too early and recording fake income in the 2018 financial statements, transferring costs from the current period to the previous or subsequent periods in the 2020 financial statements, and hiding losses and costs in the 2018-2021 financial statements.

Modeling enablers of supply chain decarbonisation to achieve zero carbon emissions: an environment, social and governance (ESG) perspective.

Climate change is the greatest threat to our planet and way of life. There is an immediate need of decarbonisation and a push for a smooth transition to a world with no net carbon emissions. To achieve sustainability, fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) firms are increasing their efforts to reduce their carbon footprint across their supply chains. The firms and government undertake several initiatives towards achieving the zero carbon mission. Hence, there is a need to identify the prominent enablers that may enhance the decarbonisation in the FMCG sector and contribute towards a net-zero carbon economy. The current study has identified and assessed the enablers (6 main criteria, 19 sub-criteria), including green innovation, green supply chain, sustainable decision-making, organisation decisions and government control from environment, social and governance (ESG) perspective. Eco-friendly manufacturing techniques and eco-friendly goods may give businesses a competitive edge and sustainability. The six primary factors that can help to reduce decarbonisation are evaluated using the stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) technique. The criteria and sub-criteria are assessed by SWARA method. A total of 32 experts from the FMCG industry are undertaken to validate and assess the enablers. This study identified and evaluated the ESG-based decarbonisation enablers in FMCG. The study shows that green innovations are ranked first, followed by organisational decisions and government control. This is likely the first study to examine how the FMCG industry's enablers for decreasing carbon footprints connect. The study is helpful to the supply chain managers and the other decision makers to implement well-designed processes for creating new products and a supply chain from the point of purchase to the place of supply, all backed by advanced technology and the appropriate regulatory adjustments.

Analisis Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Sebagai Upaya Menuju Kemandirian Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah

The local government has attempted to implement regional autonomy, which has carried out development for 5 years through Regional Original Revenue (PAD) funding. The purpose of this research is to analyze the potential growth rate, as well as forecast the resource's future earnings. This study uses secondary data for the 2017-2021 financial and regional asset management bodies in Central Sulawesi with descriptive analysis. This research technique uses contribution ratio analysis techniques, growth ratios and trend ratios. These results indicate that the contribution of PAD sources found that local taxes and other legitimate PAD are the largest contributors to PAD in Central Sulawesi while levies and business entities still contribute and the elasticity is small, while the growth rate of PAD sources will have a tendency. of fluctuating growth rates.

EVALUASI KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA KOPERASI PEGAWAI NEGERI (KPN) LAJU KECAMATAN MOYO HULU KABUPATEN SUMBAWA

This study aims to examine the financial performance of the Laju Civil Servant Cooperative (KPN), Moyo Hulu District, Sumbawa Regency in 2019-2021. The type of data used is quantitative data in the form of financial performance data obtained from documents or archives of KPN Laju financial reports for 2019-2021. the ratio analysis technique used is in accordance with the Minister of Cooperatives and SMEs of the Republic of Indonesia No. 06 of 2006 concerning guidelines for evaluating cooperatives, namely the liquidity ratio, sovability ratio and profitability/profitability ratio. The results showed that the financial performance of KPN Laju was very poor in terms of liquidity, this can be seen from the current ratio in the "very unhealthy" category and the cash ratio in the "healthy" category. This means that KPN Laju's ability to meet short-term obligations (debt) at maturity is still very low. The financial performance of KPN Laju is very good from the aspect of solvency, it can be seen from the DAR ratio and DER ratio which are in the healthy category. This means that KPN Laju has a very good ability to fulfill all of its obligations. The financial performance of KPN Laju is not good in terms of the profitability aspect, this can be seen based on the ROA ratio which is in the "unsound" category and the "unsound" criteria based on the ROE ratio. This means that KPN Laju has a low ability to generate profits over a certain period.