Rating Scale Method Research Articles

Combined Oxygen–Ozone and Porcine Injectable Collagen Therapies Boosting Efficacy in Low Back Pain and Disability

Background/Objectives: Intervertebral disc degeneration is the most common cause of low back pain (LBP), and lumbosciatica is a major challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. For years, ozone therapy has been used with excellent results in intervertebral disc disease and in patients with LBP. In vitro studies have demonstrated the positive action of porcine collagen in extracellular matrix remodeling and homeostasis. These tissue changes, associated with LBP, may suggest an indication for combined ozone/collagen treatment in patients with LBP. However, no studies have been reported regarding this combination of treatments. Methods: The present work compared retrospective data of two treatment groups (each of 10 LBP patients): (A) oxygen–ozone therapy (OOT) vs. (B) OOT plus porcine collagen type 1 injections (COL I). Pain intensity and physiological function were assessed by the numerical rating scale (NSR) method. The Roland–Morris questionnaire was used to assess disability. Patient data were acquired before, during, and at the six-month follow-up. Significant differences were assessed by ANOVA and Student’s t-test. Results: The analyses revealed significant statistical differences comparing the two arms, where the (OOT+COL I) treatment demonstrated a booster efficacy in pain (a reduction of 62% vs. 35%), while the questionnaire revealed a reduction in disability (70% vs. 31%). Conclusions: Therefore, this combination therapy (oxygen–ozone plus porcine injectable collagen) might be a promising approach for the management of patients with LBP.

SCALE CONSTRUCTION AND ASSESSING FARMERS' ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE FUNCTIONING OF RYTHU BHAROSA KENDRAS

New extension models are essential for strengthening the hands of farmers to enhance the productivity and profitability. The Government of Andhra Pradesh provides heightened attention for better welfare of the farming community by providing hassle free services at village level. Rythu Bharosa Kendras (RBKs) is an innovative approach launched by the government in providing integrated platform to address the needs of the farmers. Establishing or developing any technology/novel approach in agriculture necessitates an understanding of farmers' attitude. Gaining a profound insight into farmers' attitudes towards any endeavour facilitates the formulation of more effective strategies to address their challenges. This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale for assessing farmers' attitudes towards the functioning of RBKs. The Likert summated rating scale method was employed, involving the collection of 77 statements, from which 30 statements were selected through a relevancy test. Following a t-test item analysis, 22 statements were retained on the final scale. The reliability and validity assessments of the scale affirm its consistency and precision. For this study, East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh was purposively selected due to its status as the district with the highest number of Rythu Bharosa Kendras (RBKs) among all districts in the state. A total of 120 farmers were randomly chosen from twelve villages of East Godavari district, and data was collected using a structured interview schedule. Statistical analysis was done using tools such as SPSS and Microsoft Excel, revealed that indicated that over half (57.50 percent) of the farmers exhibited a moderately favourable attitude towards the functioning of RBKs.

The Impact of Service Quality, Prices and Consumer Trust on Interest In Goods Deliveri Services (Case Study of Local Expedition Company Service Users in Pontianak City)

This research aims to determine service quality, price and costumer trust in interest in goods delivery services at local expedition companies in the city of Pontianak. The population in this study were all existing users of local expedition company services and the sample was determined using the Purposive Sampling method. The form of research is a form of causality research with data collection techniques using questionnaires. The analytical method used in this research is the rating scale method which is processed on a computer using the SPSS version 25 program. Data testing is carried out using validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation), correlation tests, coefficient tests determination, multiple linear regression test, F test and t test. Based on the test results (Test F), it shows that the variables of service quality, price and customer trust influence consumer buying interest. Partial test results (t test) show that service quality does not influence costumer buying interest, but price and costumer trust influence interest in using the company's goods delivery services.

ANALYSIS OF NURSING CARE FOR THE ELDERLY WITH APPLICATION OF WARM CITRONELLA COMPRESS TO TREAT ACUTE PAIN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN A NURSING HOME JAMBANGAN SURABAYA

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease with symptoms of stiffness and pain in the joints. Individuals typically experience pain and weakness in specific body parts, namely the hands, feet, knees, and shoulders. Complaints of pain characterized by cramps and tingling are sensory complaints. If pain complaints are not treated or medication is not given, the impact will be disruption of physical activity, disruption of sleep patterns, and also disruption of comfort. Objective: To provide an overview of nursing care for the elderly by applying warm lemongrass compresses to treat rheumatoid arthritis pain at the Surabaya Nursing Home. Methods: The research method used is a case study. The subject of this research is Mr. B who is 61 years old with acute pain problems and was given warm lemongrass compresses for three days. Data collection techniques in this research were carried out by interviews and direct observation of patients using gerontic nursing care sheets and pain scale measurements using the numerical rating scale (NRS) method. Results: The results obtained by the client did not appear to be grimacing and were careful with his movements, complaints of pain from scale 2 (moderately increased) to scale 1 (decreased), grimaces from scale 2 (moderately increased) to scale 1 (decreased), restlessness from scale 2 (moderately increased) to scale 1 (decreased), difficulty sleeping from scale 2 (moderately increased) to scale 1 (decreased). Conclusions: Applying warm lemongrass compresses can reduce the intensity of pain complaints improve blood circulation and relax the patient. Therefore, we hope that nurses will apply warm lemongrass compresses to patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Reflections of well-being: navigating body image, chronic energy deficiency, and nutritional intake among urban and rural adolescents.

Adolescent growth and development is a period of very specific nutritional problems. As a result of poor growth and development, 36.3% of adolescents in Indonesia are at risk of developing CED. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of body image, the incidence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED), and nutritional intake in adolescents in urban and rural areas. This study used a descriptive quantitative design with a cross-sectional study conducted in Bandung and Sumedang on 387 adolescents aged 13-15 years. The instruments used in this study were body image questionnaire Figure Rating Scale (FRS) method, 2 × 24-h food recall, and anthropometry for Measuring mid upper arm circumference (MUAC). Results of this study showed that more than half of adolescents in urban (54.0%) and rural areas (61.7%) were at risk of CED, had negative body image perceptions in urban (69.1%) and rural areas (62.3%), and underconsumption of macronutrients in both urban and rural adolescents. Most adolescents in urban and rural areas still consume less energy, carbohydrates, and protein. Perceived body image and nutrient intake contribute to the incidence of CED in adolescents.

Application Of Rating Scale Method to Design An Employee Performance Assessment System in a Health Equipment Distributor Company

This research aims to find out how to design and build an employee performance assessment information system using the rating scale method. The data collection methods used in this research were observation, interviews, library research, and a literature study. The research utilized the rating scale as the method for assessing employee performance. The author used the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method in system development. The review and analysis confirmed this research's success in developing an employee performance assessment information system using the rating scale method. The successful implementation of this system has had a positive impact by providing a solution to the challenge of performance assessment that is less than objective. With the existence of an employee performance appraisal information system, companies now have tools that can reduce the level of subjectivity in performance appraisals. Using the rating scale method in this system provides consistent evaluation standards, increases assessment accuracy, and presents a higher element of objectivity. In conclusion, implementing the employee performance assessment information system opens up opportunities for continuous improvement in human resource management. With a focus on objectivity and measurability, this system has the potential to become an invaluable tool in achieving company goals and vision.

Selecting the Appropriate Speed for Rotational Elements in Human-Machine Interfaces: A Quantitative Study.

The motion of rotation, which served as a dynamic symbol within human-computer interfaces, has garnered extensive attention in interface and graphic design. This study aimed to establish speed benchmarks for interface design by exploring visual system preferences for the perception of both simple and complex rotating icons within the velocity range of 5-1800 degrees per second. The research conducted two experiments with 12 participants to examine the observers' just noticeable difference in speed (JNDS) and perceived speed for rotational icons. Experiment one measured the JNDS over eight-speed levels using a constant stimulus method, achieving a range of 14.9-29%. Building on this, experiment two proposed a sequence of speeds within the given range and used a rating scale method to assess observers ' subjective perception of the speed series' rapidity. The findings indicated that speed increases impacted the ability to differentiate between speeds; key points for categorizing low, medium, and high speeds were identified at 10, 180, and 720 degrees/s, respectively. Shape complexity was found to modulate the visual system's perception of actual speed, such that at rotation speeds above 180 degrees/s, complex icons appeared to rotate faster than simpler ones. Most importantly, the study applied quantitative methods and metrology to interface design, offering a more scientific approach to the design workflow.

Unrevealing the Role of Social Media on Online Sex Trafficking: A Case Study and Conceptual Model of Cyber Prostitution in Indonesia

Online prostitution is an example of cybercrime which is increasingly happening in today's digital era. Even though online prostitution cases have been well documented, in Indonesia itself there is no criminal law regulation that specifically addresses prostitution cases that occur on social media. Likewise, there is a lack of research that discusses the process of how online prostitution cases can occur from start to finish and social media interventions in these cases. The average previous research only focused on law violations that occurred at the final stage or at the exploitation stage. This indirectly ignores the role of social media in the process of building trust between perpetrators and victims (trust building), the process of trading or advertising (advertising), and the process of transactions between perpetrators and potential buyers (transactions). Therefore, in this study the author will discuss the role of technology in online prostitution cases and their relationship with criminals, victims and members of the police. The research design used by the author is Research & Development Level 1. The data in this study were obtained using in-depth interviews with informants and analysed by a deductive approach adapted from Nunamaker's research. Based on the results of the data analysis that has been carried out, the author finds that the social media most used by the actors is the MiChat application as much as 44%, Facebook 26%, WhatsApp 12% and other applications as much as 18%. In addition, this research also produces a conceptual model that describes the various processes that occur in online prostitution cases and the role of each social unit and social media. The conceptual model has been tested and validated by experts using the rating scale method. Obtained a percentage value of 86.67%. The results of this assessment prove that the conceptual model created is very feasible.

Application of Rating Scale Method to Design and Construct an Employee Performance Assessment Application System in National Charity Institutions

This research aims to find out how to design and build an employee performance assessment information system using the rating scale method. The data collection methods used were observation, interviews, and literature study. The research used the rating scale as the employee performance assessment method. The author used the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method in system development. The researcher designed an employee performance assessment information system using UML (Unified Modeling Language) tools at this stage. In this stage, the system is built using the PHP and MySQL programming languages for the database. The research results show that the developed performance appraisal system can provide significant benefits in monitoring employee performance more efficiently. Using this system makes the performance appraisal process easier, reduces file buildup, and increases the speed of the process from one week to only three days to complete the appraisal report. A data collection center also provides additional value by ensuring the security and orderliness of information.

Application of Behaviorally Anchor Rating Scale (BARS) Method to Assess Employee Performance at Diskoperindag Aceh Jaya

The application of performance has an important role and function for a company, of course, it will be related to the decisions that the office will take as an office strategy in the future. This also applies to the office of the Aceh Jaya Diskoperindag which is an aluminum injection company for spare parts for two-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles. The current assessment that runs at the Aceh Jaya Diskoperindag office is an assessment based on criteria but currently the assessment of these criteria does not have standard standards so that employee assessments run subjectively, this causes problems for employees so that the current assessment is considered less effective and not in line with official goals. As a result, employees feel uncomfortable and unmotivated at work. To overcome these problems, a performance assessment is compiled based on the Behaviorally Anchor Rating Scale (BARS) method, this BARS method is expected to overcome problems in employee performance appraisal which was originally subjective to be more objective where in the end employees of the Aceh Jaya Diskoperindag office can work comfortably and have high motivation at work.

Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy to Reduce Pain Level in Gastritis Patients: A case Study

Introduction: Gastritis is a common gastrointestinal condition often associated with pain and discomfort. Exploring effective pain management strategies is crucial for enhancing the well-being of individuals affected by gastritis. This study investigates the potential effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation therapy in alleviating pain among gastritis patients. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation therapy in alleviating pain among patients diagnosed with gastritis. Methods: The research was conducted at BLUD RSU Banjar City from May 27 to May 31, 2022. The participant for this study was Mrs. I, a 62-year-old individual presenting complaints of pain in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. Results: Findings from the case study indicated observable changes post-progressive muscle relaxation therapy. The patient exhibited signs of relaxation, and the pain scale, initially high, decreased to 4 within 2 days after the intervention. Further reduction to a pain scale of 2 was noted using the Numeric Rating Scale method. Conclusion: The study concludes that progressive muscle relaxation therapy exhibits promise in effectively reducing pain. Consequently, this therapeutic approach holds potential applicability in addressing acute pain issues among gastritis patients.

Examination of Sound Environment Design Method for the Behavior of Office Workers

In recent years, offices have changed due to work style reforms and the impact of the corona crisis. In contrast to the conventional belief that a quiet office is desirable, studies are underway to create an office environment in which office workers can perform comfortably and efficiently by adding pleasant sounds. We have implemented a nature sound environment control system that provides relaxation and concentration through embracing biophilic design, high-quality sound reproduction and direction control to realize a comfortable space that suits people. While introducing this system in multiple office spaces and proceeding with demonstration experiments, it has become clear that the type of sound source and listening level that make people feel comfortable differ depending on the office work situation. Therefore, in order to quantify the effects on humans such as relaxation and concentration, we used psychological methods (adjustment method and rating scale method) to verify the type of sound and listening level suitable for the office situations, such as working or taking a break. In our paper, we examined the effect of the sound environment on workers' psychological impressions in paperwork and breaks, which are the main worker actions in the office.

Analysis of 220 ml cup supplier selection with AHP method and rating scale: case study PT. sabina tirta utama

PT. Sabina Tirta Utama is a company that produces Bottled Drinking Water (AMDK) in 220 ml cup packaging. The company has problems related to 220 ml cup suppliers such as found in cup packaging with holes when the goods arrive, the quantity does not match the demand so the company needs suppliers who match the company's criteria and produce good quality packaging through supplier selection and assisted with the selection method. decision. The method used in supplier selection is AHP and rating scale. The AHP method is used to obtain global weight values which are then used to assist in ranking with the rating scale method. The purpose of this study was to determine the criteria and sub-criteria for a 220 ml cup and to identify priority suppliers. Supplier selection using 5 criteria and 11 sub-criteria. AHP weighting results on quality criteria is 0.197, price with a weight result of 0.296 delivery with a weight result of 0.401, communication system with a weight result of 0.035, and packaging capability of 0.07. The results of supplier ranking with a rating scale obtained the priority of the first supplier with a final assessment result of 3.551, namely supplier A with a high-performance category. Meanwhile, another alternative priority is supplier B with a final result of 2.641 in the performance category according to standards.

Experimental study on effects of sound on vibratory sensation of horizontal vibration

Humans are exposed to both vibration and noise when riding in vehicles such as cars and trains. Therefore, an evaluation of the vibratory sensation based on the combined effect of vibration and noise is needed. This study aims to determine the effects of sound on whole-body vibratory sensations of horizontal vibration. In this study, we conducted two experiments to research the influence of sound on vibratory sensation using an electrodynamic vibration test machine. The first experiment measured the point of subjective equality of the magnitudes of vibration and sound, and the second experiment measured the psychological effects of sound on vibratory sensations using the magnitude estimation method and the seven-grade rating scale method. This paper describes the results of investigating vibration dominance in a combined environment of vibration and sound and the effects of sound on the subjective magnitude of vibration and vibration discomfort.

Application of FOB (Free on Board) Incoterms 2020 in Export Activities of Processed Coconut Products

Export activities in Indonesia are a major factor in the country's economic growth. In 2022, Cumulatively, Indonesia's export value reached US$291.98 billion, up 26.07 percent compared to 2021. Meanwhile, non-oil and gas exports reached US$275.96 billion, an increase of 25.80 percent, so export activities in Indonesia are still a significant factor in the country's economic growth. To regulate export activities that use sea transportation, exporters and importers must pay attention to the trade agreement contained in the International Commercial Terms (Incoterms) 2020; one of the terms is Free on Board (FOB). This study aims to find out how the value of FOB terms is more in the export of goods, especially in processed coconut products. The research method is descriptive qualitative with a structured interview method questionnaire with a rating scale method. The results of the study show that for exporting companies engaged in processed coconut products, FOB terms are most often used with an interval value of 37/40, or in another sense, FOB terms are the most frequently used terms in processed coconut product exporting companies. The advantage of using the FOB term for exporters is that they have responsibility until the cargo arrives on the ship and do not bear shipping costs, so freight fluctuations are avoided. It is the safest for exporters because importers must first open a Letter of Credit (L/C) as collateral and basis for export activities.

The Effectiveness of Reality Counseling to Improve Low Self-Concept of Students Age 13-15 of SMP Negeri 3 Banyuwangi

Self-concept is a very determining factor in interpersonal communication. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of reality counseling to improve the low self-concept of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Banyuwangi. This study used a quasi-experimental research design, with the Purposive Sampling Area method to determine the research area. Determining the number of respondents, researchers used purposive sampling with a total of 6 students. This study uses the rating scale method (rating scale), interviews and documentation. Based on data analysis using the Wilcoxon test formula, the number is -2.201 with a significant level of <0.05, namely 0.028, thus there is an increase in the self-concept of class VIII students of SMPN 3 Banyuwangi. This shows that reality counseling is effective for improving the self-concept of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 3 Banyuwangi

Do choice tasks and rating scales elicit the same judgments?

Discrete choice (DCE) and rating scale experiments (RSE) are commonly applied procedures for eliciting preference judgments in a plethora of applied settings such as consumer choices, health care, and transport economics. An almost universal assumption is that actual “ground truth” preferences do not depend on which elicitation procedure is used. It is usually not possible to test this assumption, because typical studies feature response options for which there is no objectively correct response. To make progress on testing this assumption, we conducted a perceptual discrimination experiment where response options varied on a single attribute – stimulus saturation level – with a known objectively correct response. We had the same participants complete both a choice task (CT) and rating scale (RS) version of the experiment, allowing a direct examination of the assumption of a common representation. Our CT featured many characteristics that define a DCE, however, in order to have a known objectively correct response, it also differed in a few important ways. To test the assumption of a common representation, we developed a cognitive model with a response mechanism for both CT and RS. This enabled us to compare a model version that featured one shared latent stimulus representation across CT and RS versus a version which featured separate representations. Our results support the assumption that a single internal state supports both CT and RS responses, and also suggest that the CT method might provide more sensitive measurement of internal states than the RS method.

Improving the intelligibility of dysarthric speech using a time domain pitch synchronous-based approach

Dysarthria is a motor speech impairment that reduces the intelligibility of speech. Observations indicate that for different types of dysarthria, the fundamental frequency, intensity, and speech rate of speech are distinct from those of unimpaired speakers. Therefore, the proposed enhancement technique modifies these parameters so that they fall in the range for unimpaired speakers. The fundamental frequency and speech rate of dysarthric speech are modified using the time domain pitch synchronous overlap and add (TD-PSOLA) algorithm. Then its intensity is modified using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT)-based approach. This technique is applied to impaired speech samples of ten dysarthric speakers. After enhancement, the intelligibility of impaired and enhanced dysarthric speech is evaluated. The change in the intelligibility of impaired and enhanced dysarthric speech is evaluated using the rating scale and word count methods. The improvement in intelligibility is significant for speakers whose original intelligibility was poor. In contrast, the improvement in intelligibility was minimal for speakers whose intelligibility was already high. According to the rating scale method, for diverse speakers, the change in intelligibility ranges from 9% to 53%. Whereas, according to the word count method, this change in intelligibility ranges from 0% to 53%.

Preparation of employee performance assessment with a combination of management by objective and behaviorally anchor rating scale

PT XYZ is an independent power producer (IPP) and green energy company that provides energy for the needs of non-public sector end users. PT XYZ has the vision to become a company that provides professional customer satisfaction and the concept of good governance. PT XYZ also has a mission to provide quality service and customer satisfaction as well as to achieve added value to all related parties. The majority of the employee sample stated that there was a discrepancy between expectations and reality regarding performance appraisal. This study aims to design and assess the performance of PT XYZ employees. The research is oriented towards achieving the vision and mission by combining the Management by Objective (MBO) and Behaviorally Anchor Rating Scale (BARS) methods and processing them using the AHP and 360-degree Feedback methods and the final evaluation using a traffic light system. From the results of measuring the performance of PT XYZ. The results of the design of employee performance get different sub-criteria for each position. Based on the results of the assessment, the coordinator gets a good performance rating which will be given an incentive appreciation, the staff gets a disappointed performance rating and this will be given the second level of the reminder letter, the technician gets an excellent performance rating which will be given an appreciation in the form of a promotion, the administrator gets an intermediate performance rating that needs to be evaluated by superiors, and the last operator with a poor performance rating, and will be given the third level of a reminder letter. The results of the design will be used as a reference so that the assessment is more objective and focused.

Analisis Penilaian Kinerja Karyawan Studi Pada Waiters Cafe Belly Buddy dengan Metode Behaviorally Anchor Rating Scale

In the world of work, employee performance appraisal has an important role. This relates to decisions that will be taken by the company, related to the performance of its employees. As is the case with Cafe Belly Buddy, which is one of the culinary business ventures in Surabaya, is a company that of course conducts performance appraisals or evaluations for its employees. The method used by the current management of Cafe Belly Buddy is to carry out an evaluation process once every 3 (three) months, and the basis for the assessment has not used a structured method, so it is felt that it is still considered ineffective. This is because there are still many employees who consider formality, assessment is subjective, there are no clear and measurable standards, as well as feedback on employee performance achievements. As a result, employees feel uncomfortable and unmotivated at work. To overcome this, the authors compiled an employee performance assessment based on the method, namely using the Behaviorally Anchor Rating Scale (BARS) method. The Behaviorally Anchor Rating Scale (BARS) method can overcome the problem of evaluating employee performance which tends to be subjective in this case it can be used to meet the company's need for standards and feedback in employee performance appraisals. For this reason, the Behaviorally Anchor Rating Scale (BARS) method will be implemented for the waiters/waitress division which currently requires review and improvement in its performance process. By using this method, it is expected to be able to solve the problem of assessing the performance of waiters at Cafe Belly Buddy, so that finally employees can work comfortably and full of motivation and enthusiasm in carrying out their performance.