Rate Of Smoking In Patients Research Articles

Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty in Chinese Patients: A Retrospective Study in Changchun, Jilin Province, China.

BACKGROUND Over the past decades, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in China has increased substantially. Owing to a lack of a joint registry, there is restricted information concerning the epidemiology of TKA failures in China. We aimed to (1) investigate the etiology of TKA failures in a cohort of Chinese patients and (2) determine the related demographic and anthropometric risk factors in Jilin, China, to have a look at the actual situation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 1927 primary and 109 revision TKAs performed between April 2014 and May 2022 were analyzed in this retrospective study. Patient demographics and anthropometric measures, the interval from primary TKA to revision procedures, and the mechanisms for primary TKA failure were evaluated. A chi-square test, unpaired t test, and multivariate logistic regression were used to investigate the relationships between different factors and TKA failures. RESULTS The leading failure mechanism was infection (53.3%), followed by aseptic loosening (21.5%), stiffness (15.0%), instability (3.7%), malposition (2.8%), periprosthetic fractures (2.8%), and extensor mechanism disruption (0.9%). Infection (59.7%) was the main reason for early revision. Aseptic loosening (43.3%) was the leading cause of late revision. The male ratio in infection patients was higher (35.1% vs 20.6%). The smoking rate in patients with revision and infection was higher (18.9%, 23.9% vs 7%) than in primary patients. There was no difference in BMI between groups. CONCLUSIONS The leading cause of revision TKA in Jilin, China, was infection, followed by aseptic loosening and stiffness. Sex and smoking history were associated with TKA failures in this region.

564 Tackling tobacco dependency in surgical patients

Abstract Aims Smoking is associated with an increased risk of developing post-operative complications and is a risk factor for abscess development. We aimed to audit our performance in delivering very brief advice (VBA) to surgical patients, and establish a smoking cessation pathway to promote smoking cessation particularly within elective and ambulatory care patients. Methods A retrospective audit was undertaken to identify whether smoking status was documented for all surgical inpatients on admission over a 24 hour period, and those attending the surgical ambulatory care unit with an abscess over a 3 week period. Data was collected on whether very brief advice and referral to smoking cessation service or nicotine replacement therapy was offered. Results In total, 36 inpatients were identified. 4 reported smoking (11.1%), 26 (72.2%) reported no smoking and 6 had no documentation (16.7%). Of those identified as smokers, 50% had documented VBA and 75% were offered NRT. Of the 51 ambulatory patients attending with abscesses, 13 (25.4%) reported smoking, 10 (19.6%) reported no smoking and 28 had no documented smoking status (54.5%). Only 1/13 had VBA documented (7.7%) Conclusions Smoking status is poorly documented in surgical patients presenting to ambulatory care in particular, and there is a high rate of smoking in patients presenting with abscesses. Ambulatory care represents a good opportunity to deliver VBA and direct patients to smoking cessation services. A combined effort between the surgical department and the tobacco dependency service that is present in many hospitals represents a good opportunity to advocate for smoking cessation, primarily in pre operative assessment clinic or surgical ambulatory care.

Cigarette smoking and risk of suicide in bipolar disorder: a systematic review.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a highly prevalent, chronic and recurrent mental illness. The smoking rates in patients with BD are much higher than those of the general population, and BD is associated with an increased risk of suicide. An association between smoking and suicidal behavior has been found in the general population, this systematic review examines whether there is evidence of an association between smoking and suicide behavior in patients with BD. A database search was carried out in Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science, updated until December 31st, 2021, according to the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. We identified prospective and retrospective studies that included patients diagnosed with BD types I, II, and not otherwise specified, and in which smoking and suicidal behavior were correlated. Articles that focused exclusively on other mental disorders were excluded. The Ottawa-Newcastle scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included articles. Fifteen articles (n = 7,395) met all the inclusion criteria. In nine of these articles, the authors found an association between smoking and suicidal behavior in BD, while in the remaining six articles, this association was not found. A great deal of variability was observed between articles, particularly in the measurement of suicidal behavior and tobacco consumption. The risk of bias, as assessed by the NOS, was high for most of the included articles, except for two papers, whose risk was low. It was not possible to establish a clear relationship between tobacco use and the risk of suicide in BD patients due to the heterogeneity of the articles included in this systematic review, which had different sample sizes and methodological issues. However, both conditions are highly prevalent and have a negative impact on the prognosis of BD. Therefore, a systematic approach is needed, based on accurate measurement of a patient's smoking habits and their risk of suicidal behavior, in order to establish an appropriate therapeutic plan. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors and was registered on PROSPERO with the CRD42022301570 on January 21th 2022.

Smoking Is a Risk Factor of Colorectal Advanced Adenomas Compared to Nonadvanced Adenomas

Background: It is uncertain that whether smoking is a risk factor of colorectal advanced adenomas compared to nonadvanced adenomas, so we peformed the case-control study to explore this issue. Material and Methods: The cases were defined as patients with advanced adenomas and the controls were patients with nonadvanced adenomas. Clinical data were extracted from the hospital information system. Missing data were imputed with the multiple imputation of chained equations method, and the effect of smoking on the risk of advanced adenomas was calculated by binary logistic regression models to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval. Results: Current smoking rate in patients with advanced adenomas was significantly higher than that in patients with nonadvanced adenomas (31.6% VS 23.1%), the OR of advanced adenoma for current smoking compared with nonsmoking was 1.54 (1.09, 2.18), P = 0.013, and the weighted ORs ranged from 1.50 (1.01, 2.23) to 1.58 (1.09, 2.30), and the results of sensitivity analyses were still consistent. Conclusion: In adults with Han ethnicity in South China, current smoking is a risk factor of colorectal advanced adenomas compared to nonadvanced adenomas.

THE CURRENT SITUATION OF TOBACCO ATTRACTION AND FACTORS RELATED TO TOBACCO CONSULTANT SERVICES, SMOKING CESSATION SERVICES AMONG PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE AT MEDICAL CENTER NGA NĂM, SOC TRANG PROVINCE IN 2020

Objectives: Determination rate of smoking and some related factors to the accessibility of counseling and smoking cessation services in patients with chronic lung disease at Nga Nam Medical Center, Soc Trang in 2020.
 Subjects and research methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study with analysis. The toolkit is based on “The Ministry of Health’s 2018 Tobacco Harm Prevention Guidelines” and related research.
 Results and discussions: The smoking rate of patients is 59.9%. The number of people accessing tobacco cessation counseling services is lowing with 29.9%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that have relationship between the ability to access counseling services, smoking cessation and smoking (OR = 0.042; p < 0.005), gender (OR = 0.067; p < 0.005), occupation (p < 0.005).
 Conclusions and recommendations: Patients need to actively learn about the harmful effects of smoking as well as smoking cessation methods and services. The health sector needs to develop plans and provide counseling and smoking cessation services for patients. When educating, it is necessary to pay attention to the patient's psychology, gender and occupation.

Quality of service and commitment to tobacco dependence treatment for individuals living with mental disorders in France: A pilot study.

There are remarkably high smoking rates in patients living with mental disorders (PLWMD), and the absence of a specific treatment policy for smoking cessation for these patients worldwide. The present study aimed to (i) investigate the quality of service and commitment to tobacco dependence treatment, and (ii) produce high-quality French versions of the Index of Tobacco Treatment Quality (ITTQ) and Tobacco Treatment Commitment Scale (TTCS). ITTQ and TTCS were used to assess French mental health professionals (n = 80). Both scales were translated from their original language following standard procedures (i.e. forward translation). Descriptive analysis for total score, each factor and item were calculated for the entire sample, followed by subgroup analysis by gender, and role of the practitioner. Nurses presented higher levels of both treatment commitment and treatment quality in their mental health care units, compared to psychiatrists, and residents. Overall, counseling offering was low and there was a perception that it is unfair to take tobacco away from PLWMD. In the other hand, there were high levels of smoking assessment and perceptions that nicotine dependence should be included in drug treatment programs. There is a gap in tobacco treatment implementation for French PLWMD. The present pilot study alerts about the problem, and should stimulate larger studies validating such measures for wide use with French-speaking mental health professionals. French nurses presented higher levels of both treatment commitment and quality, and could be in a leadership position for such implementation. Encouraging the implementation of tobacco counseling within conventional mental health treatment is critical to improve cessation rates among this population. There is a potential for the sustainability of tobacco treatment interventions since the levels of commitment observed here were higher than in previous studies conducted abroad.

Current smoking habits in British IBD patients in the age of e-cigarettes

BackgroundSmoking has a detrimental effect on Crohn’s disease (CD) while data on ulcerative colitis (UC) are conflicting. Smoking habits have changed dramatically in the UK due to a public smoking...

Survey on Smoking, Consuming Alcohol, and using Illicit Drugs in Patients with Epilepsy.

Addiction can be defined as the continuous consumption of addictive substances or repetition of certain behaviors despite adverse consequences. Epilepsy is associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no published data regarding addictions in patients with epilepsy. Considering the high incidence of psychopathology, we planned a survey using a self-report questionnaire to study some of the addictive behaviors in patients with epilepsy and in control subjects. Patients from our outpatient epilepsy clinic (n=106) and control subjects (n=96) aged between 18 and 65 years took the 20-question questionnaire that screened for smoking, consuming alcohol, or using other illicit drugs. Fifty-three percent of patients with epilepsy were male (n=57) and in the control group, 52% were male (n=50) (p=.062). The mean age was 32.66±2.23 years for patients with epilepsy and 35.70±0.59 years for the control group (p=.810). Mean duration of epilepsy was found to be 14.33±11.26 (1-46) years. Majority of patients with epilepsy (84%) had focal epilepsy. Alcohol intake was found to be significantly lower in patients with epilepsy (p=.0001). There was no difference regarding smoking (p=.530) or using illicit drugs between the groups (p=.262). Smoking cigarettes was lower in new onset epilepsies (<5 years) compared with epilepsies of longer duration (p=.031). Recent studies connote to some common substrates in the pathophysiology of epilepsy and addiction. Therefore, we wanted to evaluate some addictive behaviors in patients with epilepsy. Although this study did not show significant differences other than low frequency of alcohol use in patients with epilepsy and low rate of smoking in patients with epilepsy duration of <5 year, further studies among homogeneous epilepsy subgroups with larger scale along with their neuropsychological profiles may still be required.

Nicotine Addiction and Psychiatric Disorders.

Even though smoking rates have long been on the decline, nicotine addiction still affects 20% of the US population today. Moreover, nicotine dependence shows high comorbidity with many mental illnesses including, but are not limited to, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, and depression. The reason for the high rates of smoking in patients with mental illnesses may relate to attempts to self-medicate with nicotine. While nicotine may alleviate the symptoms of mental disorders, nicotine abstinence has been shown to worsen the symptoms of these disorders. In this chapter, we review the studies from animal and human research examining the bidirectional relationship between nicotine and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, and depression as well as studies examining the roles of specific subunits of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the interaction between nicotine and these mental illnesses. The results of these studies suggest that activation, desensitization, and upregulation of nAChRs modulate the effects of nicotine on mental illnesses.

The Evaluation of the Sociodemografic and Clinical Features of Patients with Psoriazis

Objective: Psoriazis is one of the most common diseases seen at dermatology outpatient clinics. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of psoriazis patients. Methods: 248 patients who applied to our outpatient clinic and were newly diagnosed or under follow-up for psoriazis clinically and/or histopathologically, between the period of January 2011 February 2012 were included in our study. Clinical and demographic data of the patients were recorded. Results: Patients with psoriazis constituted 1.38% of all the patients admitted to our department. 33.7% of the patients had a family history. The rate of smoking in patients with psoriazis was found to be in an average of 28.2%. 4.8% of the patients have been using alcohol. The most common clinical types were plaque. 43.5% of the patients had nail involvement. Joint involvement was found to be in 14.5% of the patients. 69.3% of patients with psoriazis had pruritus. The most frequent accompanying disease was hypertension (12%). Conclusion: In general terms, our results were highly similar with the available data of national and foreign studies. It is concluded that similar studies should be done in all regions of Turkey in order to detect the national data of all psoriazis patients in our country.

Current smoking rate in patients with psychiatric disorders in Japan: Questionnaire survey

The association between smoking and psychiatric disorders (PD) has been known for many years. Support for smoking cessation among patients with PD is provided in advanced nations, but there is a little support for smoking cessation among patients with PD in Japan, where few studies have investigated the smoking rate. The aim of the present study is to determine the smoking rate and smoking habits of Japanese patients with PD. The subjects included outpatients who visited the outpatient psychiatric clinic at a University hospital between January and March of 2011. They answered a questionnaire consisting of questions about their sociodemographic background and smoking habits. In an analysis of 733 subjects, the overall smoking rate was 25.1%. The smoking rates among the patients with schizophrenia and depression were 17.3% and 23.9%, respectively, and these rates were lower than the results of previous studies. Among the current smokers, 43.4% had experienced smoking cessation, and only 26.1% were not interested in smoking cessation. Of the current smokers, 37.5% spent between US$128.88 and US$257 per month on cigarettes.

Epidemic of Lung Cancer in Patients With HIV Infection

The survival of patients with HIV infection has improved dramatically over the past 20 years, largely owing to a significant reduction in opportunistic infections and AIDs-defining malignancies, such as lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma. However, with improved survival, patients with HIV are experiencing morbidity and mortality from other (non-AIDs-defining) complications, such as solid organ malignancies. Of these, the leading cause of mortality in the HIV-infected population is lung cancer, accounting for nearly 30% of all cancer deaths and 10% of all non-HIV-related deaths. Importantly, the average age of onset of lung cancer in the HIV-infected population is 25 to 30 years earlier than that in the general population and at lower exposure to cigarette smoke. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology of lung cancer in the HIV-infected population and discusses some of the important risk factors and pathways that may enhance the risk of lung cancer in this population.

The effects of acute nicotine, chronic nicotine, and withdrawal from chronic nicotine on performance of a cued appetitive response.

Nicotine is a widely used addictive drug, with an estimated 73 million Americans 12 years of age or older having used a tobacco product in the last month, despite documented risks to personal health. Nicotine alters cognitive processes, which include effects on attention and impulsivity, a mechanism that may contribute to the addictive properties of the drug. Individuals with a variety of psychological disorders ranging from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to schizophrenia smoke at a higher rate than the rest of the population and show deficits in impulse control. The present studies evaluated the effects of acute, chronic, and withdrawal from chronic nicotine on an operant task that measured premature and signaled nose pokes, as well as performance efficiency in C57BL/6J mice. Results indicate that acute nicotine (0.09 mg/kg intraperitoneally) does not alter the acquisition of the task, but does significantly increase performance efficiency once the behavior has been learned. In contrast, chronic nicotine (0, 6.3, 12.6, and 36 mg/kg/day subcutaneously) and withdrawal from chronic nicotine had no effect on performance efficiency. These results suggest that initial nicotine use may have beneficial effects on inhibitory control, but these effects are not maintained with chronic nicotine consumption as tolerance develops. The findings may provide an explanation for higher rates of smoking in patients with impulse control issues, as the smoking may represent an initial attempt at self-medication.

Estudio de la prevalencia y actitudes sobre tabaquismo en pacientes sometidos a oxigenoterapia crónica domiciliaria. Estudio toma

Introduction The objective of this study is to analyse the prevalence, attitudes and characteristics of smoking in the population of patients subjected to Long Term Domiciliary Oxygen Therapy (LTDOT) in the Community of Madrid. Patient and methods A representative sample of 845 subjects (of which 461 (46%) were male) was obtained from a total of 11,174 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 78.25 years (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 77.55–78.95; SD=10.36). A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted based on questionnaires as well as cooximetry. Results Forty-eight subjects (5.7%; 95% CI: 4.3%–7.5%) were smokers and 438 (51.8%; 95% CI: 48.5%–55.2%) were ex-smokers. The percentage of active smokers was higher in the 60 years or less subject group (χ 2; P<0.001). The large majority (75%) of smokers were men, their proportion being significantly higher than that of current non-smokers (χ 2; P<0.003). The mean score in the Fagerström Test was 3.6. More than 65% of smokers had their first cigarette up to 30 min from getting up in the morning, and 45% of these were in a preparation phase. Seventeen percent of these subjects said that they had not received advice on quitting smoking. Conclusions There is a high rate of smoking in patients on LTDOT, with a higher probability of males and younger subjects continuing to smoke. There is a high level of physical dependency for nicotine.

Comparative analysis of clinical epidemiology and pathological characteristics of 908 patients with primary lung cancer of Hunan Province in 1997 and 2007

背景与目的肺癌的流行病学特征通常随时间和地区的变化而变化，此研究拟通过比较分析1997年和2007年湖南地区908例肺癌新发病例性别、年龄、城乡来源、吸烟史以及病理类型的差异，以初步了解近年来湖南地区肺癌的流行趋势。方法收集湘雅医院1997年和2007年收住的、祖居或长期居住湖南地区的908例初诊肺癌患者的临床资料并进行统计学分析。结果与1997年相比，2007年肺癌患者的男女比例由3.8:1降至2.98:1，青年肺癌患者由4.4%升至8.6%（χ2=4.465, P=0.035），农村肺癌患者由19.9%升至40.1%（χ2=30.670, P < 0.001），农村肺癌患者中的吸烟者由16.9%升至39.9%（χ2= 24.939, P < 0.01），少见病理类型肺癌由1.3%升至4.5%（χ2= 5.142, P=0.023）。结论近年来湖南地区女性、青年、农村肺癌患者以及少见病理类型肺癌比例可能有增加趋势，戒烟教育亟待加强。

Study of Prevalence and Attitudes on Smoking in Patients on Continuous Home Oxygen Therapy. Toma Study

Introduction The objective of this study was to analyse the prevalence, attitudes and characteristics of smoking in the population of patients subjected to Long Term Home Oxygen Therapy (LTOT) in the Community of Madrid. Patient and methods A representative sample of 845 subjects (461 male, 46%) was obtained from a total of 11 174 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 78.25 years (95% Confidence Interval, CI, 77.55-78.95; SD=10.36). A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted based on questionnaires as well as CO-oximetry. Results Forty-eight subjects were smokers (5.7%; 95% CI, 4.3-7.5) while 438 (51.8%; 95% CI, 48.5-55.2) were ex-smokers. The percentage of active smokers was higher in the 60 years or less subject group (χ 2; P<.001). The large majority (75%) of smokers were men, their proportion being significantly higher than that of current non-smokers (χ 2; P<.003). The mean score in the Fagerström Test was 3.6. More than 65% of smokers had their first cigarette within 30 min of getting up in the morning, and 45% of these were in a preparation stage. Seventeen percent of these subjects said they had not received advice on quitting smoking. Conclusions There is a high rate of smoking in patients on LTOT, with a higher probability of males and younger subjects continuing to smoke. There is a high level of physical dependence on nicotine.

291 An active strategy based on mandatory nicotine replacement coupled with a behavioral approach can dramatically decrease the rate of smoking 6 months after an acute coronary syndrome. The PATPAC trial

Although smoking continuation after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is associated with a poor prognosis, in-hospital smoking cessation strategies for such patients are not well defined. We evaluated an in-hospital initiated smoking cessation program based on mandatory nicotine replacement and a cognitive behavioral approach in ACS patients. All consecutive eligible active smoker patients (mean >5 cig/day) hospitalized for ACS in our CCU were included. Main exclusion criteria were unstable hemodynamic status, the presence of another dependence (mainly alcohol or drug) and planned re-hospitalization after discharge. The patients were randomized into two groups: an active group receiving mandatory nicotine replacement on day 1 after hospitalization coupled with a behavioral approach based on “exposure” on day 2 and 3 and after discharge on week 1, 2, 3, 4 and month 3; a control group where patients received counseling and were proposed nicotine replacement during hospitalization. The main endpoint was the rate of non-smoking patients in each group (self-declaration + CO measurement) at 6 months after inclusion. 52 patients were studied: 25 (mean age 51± 7 y.o., 76% male) in the active group and 27 (mean age 54 ± 8 y.o. 100% male) in the control group. In the active and control groups respectively, mean duration of smoking was 31 ± 9 and 35 ± 9 years, mean number of cigarettes/day 24 ± 6 and 23 ± 10, Fargeström score 5.0 ±2.0 and 5.4±2.4, anxiety and depression score (HAD) 13.8± 6.9 and 14.4 ± 4.8, and BMI 26 ± 3 and 27±3 (all NS). After 6 months, 41.7% patients had stopped smoking in the control group as compared to 85.0% in the active grouo. A strategy based on mandatory nicotine replacement coupled with a behavioral approach can markedly decrease the rate of smoking in patients 6 months after ACS. The impact of such a strategy on major cardiac events as secondary prevention in smokers remains to be evaluated.

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors are Possible Therapeutic Targets for Schizophrenia

The rate of smoking in patients with schizophrenia is higher than that in the general population. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are involved in the sensorimotor gating deficits in schizophrenia. We have revealed that nicotine ameliorates the disruption of the PPI, a model of sensorimotor gating, which is induced by apomorphine, a dopamine receptor agonist, but is not effective for the disruption of the PPI induced by phencyclidine, a glutamine NMDA receptor antagonist, in rats. Furthermore, the ameliorating effect of nicotine is antagonized by methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist. The effect of nocitine was also investigated in the stereotyped behavior induced by apomorphine, however, nicotine was found to have no significant effect. Considering these results, the ameliorating effect of the disruption of the PPI via alpha7 nAChR is therefore thought to be involved in dopaminergic systems. The dopaminergic systems involved in alpha7 nAChR may be different from the systems involved in stereotypy. In addition, this review describes the effects of the alpha7 nicotinic receptor agonists.

MORTON ET AL. RESPOND

MORTON ET AL. RESPOND

Tobacco smoking in Egyptian schizophrenia patients with and without obsessive–compulsive symptoms

Background Nicotine dependence is common in schizophrenia patients but rare in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder. Little is known, however, about smoking in schizophrenia patients with obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCS) especially in a developing country, such as Egypt, that has the highest rate of tobacco consumption in the Middle East and North Africa. Objectives To test a hypothesis that nicotine dependence in schizophrenia patients with-OCS is lower than in those without-OCS. Results Out of 87 consecutive schizophrenia patients attending a psychiatric out-patients clinic in Egypt, 34 patients (39%) had significant OCS, and a smoking rate (85.3%) not significantly lower than that of patients without-OCS (90.6%). Patients were reclassified by their Fagerström's scores into 3 groups of nicotine dependence: mild (37 patients), high (21 patients) and very high (29 patients). There were no differences between these groups in terms of YBOCS scores ( F = 0.324; p = 0.724). When comparing PANSS scores of patients, with and without-OCS, those of the former group were higher on the positive symptoms (mean = 24.2 versus 20.8; p = 0.002), and anxiety/depression (mean = 10.8 versus 10.1; p = 0.03) but lower on the negative symptoms (mean = 15.0 versus 19.4; p = 0.000), disorganized thoughts (mean = 14.5 versus 17.5; p = 0.002), and uncontrolled hostility/excitement) (mean = 7.5 versus 9.5; p = 0.002). However, there was no significant between-group difference in the total PANSS scores. Conclusions The high and equal rates of smoking in patients with-, and without-OCS, and the lack of difference between YBOCS scores of mild, high and very high nicotine dependence groups undermined our initial hypothesis that nicotine dependence in schizophrenia patients with-OCS is lower than in those without them. Nevertheless, the finding of a distinctive PANSS scores, may support a suggestion that OCS in schizophrenia represent a distinct subtype or dimension.