Residual Rate Research Articles

Residual level of chlorine disinfectant, the formation of disinfection by-products, and its impact on soil enzyme activity.

Disinfectants can kill pathogenic microorganisms, effectively block the spread of infectious diseases, and are widely used during epidemics. However, a little has been studied about the environmental hazards caused by the heavy use of disinfectants. In this paper, the residual situation of chlorine ions in the soil, possible disinfection by-products (DBPs), and effects on soil enzyme activities after using 84 disinfectants (main component: sodium hypochlorite) and hypochlorite disinfectant (main component: hypochlorous acid) were investigated. It was found that the residual rates were generally higher than 92% for the 84 disinfectant treatment and between 80% ~ 90% for the hypochlorite disinfectant treatments. The overall change in chlorine ion concentration in the soil-leaching solution of the hypochlorite disinfectant treatments was relatively small and stable compared to the 84 disinfectant treatments. Several types of trihalomethanes (THMs) were detected after 24h of disinfection. The generation concentration of THMs was higher for the 84 disinfectant than for the hypochlorite disinfectant. The generation of trichloromethane was the highest, ranging from 1000 to 3000μg/L. Soil enzyme activities changed much when the soil was treated with the disinfectant for 28days. The above results indicated that hypochlorite disinfectant was safer and more stable than 84 disinfectants, and trichloromethane should be strictly controlled as a key indicator among the disinfection by-products. In addition, the long-term application of disinfectants affects soil enzyme activities obviously.

The need for a second transurethral resection in high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer based on the Vesicle Imaging-Reporting and Data System.

The efficacy of Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) for the second transurethral resection (TUR) has not been adequately validated. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of the VI-RADS for high-risk patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) who are candidates for a second TUR. We retrospectively analyzed 116 patients who received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to an initial TUR and underwent a second TUR for a diagnosis of high-risk NMIBC at the initial TUR. MRI images were retrospectively classified according to VI-RADS. Second TUR outcomes and recurrence-free and progression-free survival rates were compared with VI-RADS scores. Ninety-nine (91%) patients were diagnosed with T1 bladder cancer at the initial TUR. At the second TUR, residual cancer was found in 53 (49%) cases, including five (4.6%) cases of muscle invasion. With a median follow-up of 41 months, the 2-year bladder recurrence-free survival rate was 71% and the 2-year progression-free rate was 85%. By two radiologists' consensus, 30 (28%)/49 (45%)/16 (15%)/10 (9.2%)/4 (3.7%) cases were classified as VI-RADS 1/2/3/4/5, respectively. Of five pT2 upstage cases, three were VI-RADS 1, one was VI-RADS 2, and one was VI-RADS 3. There was no significant association between VI-RADS and cancer residual rate and pT2 upstage rate in second TUR outcomes, and recurrence-free and progression-free survival rates. In high-risk NMIBCs, a certain number of residual cancers and pT2 upstage cases exist after the initial TUR, and a second TUR should be performed regardless of VI-RADS scores.

Impact of Angiographically Detected Residual Trabeculation After Left Atrial Appendage Closure Using the WATCHMAN Device: Insight From the OCEAN-LAAC Registry.

Research on the impact of angiographically detected residual trabeculation after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is limited. To investigate the incidence, characteristics, and clinical implications of angiographically detected residual trabeculation after LAAC using the WATCHMAN device. We analyzed 1350 consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing LAAC using the WATCHMAN device from the OCEAN-LAAC registry, which is a prospective ongoing, multicenter Japanese registry. The inclusion criteria comprised patients who successfully underwent LAAC and whose presence or absence of residual trabeculation can be confirmed using a contrast medium. The clinical outcomes were compared between patients with and without angiographically detected residual trabeculation. Residual trabeculation was angiographically detected in 5.6% (75/1350 patients). At the procedure, the proportion of peri-device leak (PDL) was significantly higher in the residual trabeculation group than in the non-residual trabeculation group (20% vs. 5.1%, p < 0.001). However, the PDL and device-related thrombosis at 45 days and 1 year were comparable between the two groups (37% vs. 23%, p = 0.24; 28% vs. 31%, p = 0.84; 2.1% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.50; 6.9% vs. 6.0%, p = 0.69, respectively). The 3-year cumulative incidence of ischemic stroke, all cardiovascular death, and all-cause death were comparable between the two groups (5.7% vs. 5.5%, log-rank p = 0.96; 7.7% vs. 8.9%, log-rank p = 0.34, 31.4% vs. 22.3%, log-rank p = 0.71, respectively). The angiographically detected residual trabeculation rate was 5.6%, and this population had a significantly higher prevalence of PDL at the procedure. However, the presence of residual trabeculation did not contribute to PDL or device-related thrombosis at follow-up or affect the clinical outcomes.

A Tannin–Oxidized Glucose Wood Adhesive with High Performance

Tannin, as a natural polyphenol found in plant sources, has been widely employed to replace petrol-based phenol to prepare tannin-based wood adhesives. However, the development of all-biomass tannin-based wood adhesive with superior bonding strength and water resistance is still a challenge. Herein, an all-biomass tannin-based adhesive was synthesized using tannin and glucose, demonstrating enhanced bonding strength and water resistance. To improve the reactivity of glucose, part of the hydroxyl groups on the glucose molecule is oxidized to aldehyde groups. The successful oxidation of glucose and synthesis of tannin-oxidized glucose (TOG) adhesive were demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was suggested that the improvement of TOG adhesive bonding properties and water resistance were caused by the formation of cross-linked network with covalent and hydrogen bonding synergies. The TOG adhesive has good water-resistance, and its residual rates can reach to 93.8% after soaking in water for 24h while the residual rates of tannin-glucose (T-G) adhesive only 81%. Compared with T-G and TOG adhesives, the dry bonding strength of adhesive increased by 256.5%, from 0.62MPa to 2.21MPa, the wet bonding strength of adhesive from zero to 1.97MPa. The plywood prepared with TOG adhesive met the GB/T 17657-2022 standard for Class II plywood. This study introduces an innovative and eco-friendly method for synthesizing an all-biomass tannin- based wood adhesive, characterized by superior bonding strength and enhanced water resistance.

Efficient fractionation of lignin from Camellia oleifera shell by acidic deep eutectic solvent under mild conditions

In this study, ethylene glycol-oxalic acid deep eutectic system (DES) was used for delignification of Camellia oleifera shell (COS). The effects of treatment temperature and time on lignin removal rate, lignin purity and yield were investigated. At the treatment temperature and treatment time of 90 °C and 6 h, the residue rate, lignin removal rate and yield values of 42.33 %, 67.79 % and 45.84 %, respectively. The structure of lignin was ascertained by performing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2D HSQC NMR), the spectra of which indicated that COS lignin mainly comprises guaiacyl (G) units, followed by syringyl (S) units. Thermal analysis of lignin was conducted based on thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the glass transition temperature of lignin was determined to be between 90 and 130 °C. The results in this study indicated that ethylene glycol-oxalic DES system can be used to facilitate the efficient delignification of COS.

Intraoperative margin assessment and residual disease rate after re-excision in breast conserving surgery

Intraoperative margin assessment and residual disease rate after re-excision in breast conserving surgery

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy plus common bile duct exploration for extrahepatic bile duct stones and postoperative recurrence-associated risk factors

BACKGROUND There remain controversies regarding the surgical treatment of extrahepatic bile duct stones (EHBDSs) in clinical practice. AIM To explore the curative effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) plus common bile duct exploration (CBDE) for the surgical treatment of EHBDSs and to analyze the risk factors that affect postoperative stone recurrence. METHODS Eighty-two patients with EHBDSs admitted between March 2017 and March 2023 were selected. Among them, patients treated with open choledocholithotomy plus LC or open cholecystectomy (OC) were set as the control group (n = 40), and those treated with LC plus CBDE served as the observation group (n = 42). The surgical outcomes of the two groups were compared, the surgical complications and Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) scores were counted, and the one-year prognostic recurrence was recorded. Independent factors for postoperative recurrence were determined using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The two groups were comparable in the stone residual rate (P &gt; 0.05). The operation time (P &lt; 0.05), intraoperative bleeding (P &lt; 0.05), and total complication rate (P = 0.005) were lower in the observation group than in the control group. The observation group exhibited a marked increase in the GIQLI score, which was higher than the control group (P &lt; 0.05). A lower one-year recurrence rate was determined in the observation group vs the control group (P = 0.027). Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction [odds ratio (OR) = 5.712, P = 0.007] and the treatment scheme of open choledocholithotomy plus LC or OC (OR = 6.771, P = 0.008) were the independent risk factors for one-year recurrence in patients after surgery. CONCLUSION LC plus CBDE for patients with EHBDSs can reduce stone residuals, intraoperative bleeding, complications, and postoperative recurrence.

Assessing the impact of rice-wheat-maize residue decomposition rate and nutrient dynamics of residue and soil using different placement method in the IGP of India

The rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) provides the world’s population with staple foods, and it is crucial to maintain global food demand and security. Food systems are a complex ecosystem and sustain many feedback mechanisms. Crop residue management is one of those feedback mechanisms that was assessed under conservation agriculture, and a decomposition study was analyzed for the rice-wheat cropping system using rice, wheat, and maize crop residue for decomposition rate and nutrients release under agricultural practices (zero till, raised beds). Different zero tillage techniques in Samastipur demonstrated an accelerated decomposition trend, which was especially noticeable in the straw from wheat and rice. At the same time, permanent bed systems showed a relatively larger residue mass, especially in the case of wheat and maize straw. Permanent bed systems (wheat-maize system), particularly those using wheat straw, held the largest amounts of residue mass when the total residue mass throughout the sites was taken into account. Samastipur showed higher nutrient release for all the rice residue in wheat, rice residue in maize, and wheat residue in rice except maize residue in rice as compared to the Karnal sites. Decomposition kinetics, modeled via a first-order exponential decay function, showed high correlations (R2: 0.941 to 0.996) across treatment methods. The research underscores the significant effect of agroecological factors on residue decomposition and nutrient release, irrespective of residue type, highlighting the importance of tailored residue management practices for enhanced nutrient cycling and sustainability. These findings contribute to the optimization of residue management strategies in RWCS, promoting sustainable agriculture practices in the face of climate change and increasing food security demands.

Contamination of Disposable Distal Cap Duodenoscopes and Detachable Elevator Duodenoscopes After Reprocessing: A Randomized Trial.

To reduce bacterial contamination after reprocessing, various new designs of duodenoscopes have been developed to better expose the elevator complex for cleaning. We compared the rates of bacterial contamination and organic residue in disposable distal cap duodenoscopes and detachable elevator duodenoscopes after manual cleaning and high-level disinfection (HLD), as well as their cost-effectiveness. A total of 162 duodenoscopes were randomly assigned to either Group A (disposable distal caps; n = 81) or Group B (detachable elevator; n = 81). A total of 324 samples from the elevator were collected for culture following manual cleaning (n = 81 in each group) and HLD (n = 81 in each group), followed by the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) testing for organic residue. After manual cleaning, there was no difference in bacterial contamination rates (8.6% vs. 8.6%; p = 1.00) and mean ATP levels (164.6 ± 257.5 vs. 158.1 ± 286.1 RLUs; p = 0.88) between Groups A and B. After HLD, no bacterial contamination was observed in either group and the mean ATP levels were very low with no significant difference between the two groups (30.1 ± 45.3 vs. 37.5 ± 51.9 RLUs; p = 0.68). The expense in reprocessing (excluding the scope cost) for Group A was lower (2099 USD) than Group B (3854 USD) in providing comparable scope cleanliness. After manual cleaning, the bacterial contamination rate and organic residue levels in detachable elevator duodenoscopes and disposable distal caps duodenoscopes were comparable. No bacterial contamination was detected in either type of duodenoscope after reprocessing. Apart from the initial differences in scope cost, the disposable distal cap duodenoscope had lower cost on disposable items to have comparable disinfection result.

Development of All-Solid-State Potentiometric Sensors for Monitoring Carbendazim Residues in Oranges: A Degradation Kinetics Investigation

Monitoring fungicide residues in orange fruits is vital, as fungicides for orange cultivation are increasingly used to prevent yield loss. At the same time, increasing restrictions are added by regulatory organizations. For facile on-site monitoring of the fungicide carbendazim (MBC), five ion-selective potentiometric sensors are proposed and compared. The first two sensors were prepared with a precipitation-based technique using molybdate (sensor 1) and tetraphenylborate (TPB) (sensor 2), respectively. Furthermore, two ionophore-based sensors were prepared using β-cyclodextrin as ionophore together with TPB (sensor 3) and tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate (TpClPB) (sensor 4) as ion-exchanger. Further incorporation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) between the graphite rod and the sensing membrane of sensor 4 (sensor 5) further improved the stability and significantly lowered the limit of detection (LOD). Their performance was evaluated according to IUPAC recommendations, revealing linear response in the concentration range 1 × 10−4–1 × 10−2 M, 1 × 10−5–1 × 10−2 M, 1 × 10−5–1 × 10−3 M, 1 × 10−6–1 × 10−3 M, and 1 × 10−7–1 × 10−3 M with a Nernstian slope of 54.56, 55.48, 56.00, 56.85, and 57.34 mV/decade, respectively. The LOD values for the five sensors were found to be 7.92 × 10−5, 9.98 × 10−6, 9.72 × 10−6, 9.61 × 10−7, and 9.57 × 10−8 M, respectively. The developed potentiometric sensors were successfully applied to determine the residue and degradation rate of MBC in orange samples. After the researched fungicide was applied to the orange trees, the preharvest interval (PHI) could be calculated based on the MBC degradation kinetics determined in the tested orange samples.

Which Canal BPPV Should be Checked for Residual Disease after 1 Week?

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the residual disease rate due to the affected canal in patients diagnosed with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and reveal the factors affecting the residual disease. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive investigation was conducted to determine the effect of the affected canal, sociodemographic data, body mass index, hospital admission time, systemic disease history, betahistine use, and previous otologic vertigo history on the residual BPPV rate. This investigation was carried out on 201 patients who underwent repositioning maneuvers with BPPV diagnosis and came for a follow-up 1 week later, ensuring a robust and reliable dataset. Results: Two hundred one patients were included in the study: 91 (45.3%) male and 110 (54.7%) female. The mean age of the patients was 60.44 + 13.83 (min = 23-max = 90) years. Residual disease was significantly higher in bilateral canal involvement (P = .001), anterior canal involvement, and those presenting 72 hours after the onset of the vertigo attack (P = .001). There was no significant difference between residual disease and those with successful initial maneuver results regarding age, gender, obesity, canalolithiasis, or cupulolithiasis. Conclusion: The most effective treatment for BPPV is canalith reposition maneuvers. We recommend that patients be called for follow-up after 1 week, especially in cases of anterior canal involvement and bilateral involvement. These findings provide valuable insights for the management of BPPV.

Effects of Puree Type and Color on Ratings of Pharyngeal Residue, Penetration, and Aspiration during FEES: A Prospective Study of 37 Dysphagic Outpatient Adults

Introduction: Flexible endoscopic evaluations of swallowing (FEES) involve the administration of a variety of foods and liquids to assess outcomes related to pharyngeal residue, penetration, and aspiration. While the type and color of thin liquids used during FEES have been found to significantly affect FEES ratings, it is unknown if similar effects are observed with pureed foods. Therefore, the aims of this study were to assess the effects of puree type (applesauce vs. pudding) and color (natural, blue, green) on ratings of pharyngeal residue, penetration, and aspiration during FEES. Methods: Pharyngeal residue, penetration, and aspiration were assessed in 37 consecutive outpatient adults undergoing FEES. Patients were presented with two types of puree: 5 mL applesauce and 5 mL pudding. Each puree type was presented once with either blue or green food coloring added to it by a clinician. Each puree type was also presented once with no clinician-added food coloring (“natural”). The order of presentation was randomized between patients and all data were blindly analyzed by pairs of independent raters using the Visual Analysis of Swallowing Efficiency and Safety (VASES). Multilevel statistical models were used to examine the effects of puree type and color on oropharyngeal residue, hypopharyngeal residue, and Penetration-Aspiration Scale scores (PAS). Results: Pudding trials were associated with higher oropharyngeal residue ratings compared to applesauce trials. Blue-colored applesauce was associated with higher oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal residue ratings when compared to natural applesauce. Lastly, green-colored applesauce and green-colored pudding were both associated with higher hypopharyngeal residue ratings compared to natural applesauce and natural pudding, respectively. Conclusion: This study identified statistically significant effects of puree type and color and ratings of pharyngeal residue ratings, but not penetration or aspiration, as seen during FEES. These data suggest that clinicians and researchers should consider standardizing the type and color of pureed food used during FEES.

Selinexor combined with bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma with extramedullary disease

Objective: We aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of Selinexor combined bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (XVRd) protocol in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma with extramedullary disease. Methods: This is a single-arm, open, observational clinical study. For induction/consolidation(21-day cycles), patients received 8 cycles of XVRd protocol. In maintenance (28-day cycles), patients received XR (Selinexor + Lenalidomide) at least 2 years until disease progression, death or withdrawal. The primary endpoints were overall response rates and minimal residual disease negative rates. Results: The median age of the 10 patients was 62 (range 55–81) years. R-ISS stage 3 was present in 2 (20%) patients. 3 patients had high risk cytogenetic and 1 patient with plasma cell leukocyte. According to IMWG criteria, the ORR of 10 patients with NDMM was 100%, including 2 stringent complete response (sCR), 2 complete remission (CR), 4 very good partial response (VGPR) and 2 partial response (PR). Median progression-free survival and overall survival were not achieved. The most common grade 3–4 treatment-emergent adverse events (occurring in 10% of patients) were thrombocytopenia. The most common non-hematological adverse events were grade 1 or 2, including nausea (30%), fatigue (40%), and anorexia (20%). Overall, the severe toxicities were manageable. Conclusion: The XVRd regimen had good efficacy and safety in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma with extramedullary disease.

Seismic Performance Evaluation of a Frame System Strengthened with External Self-Centering Components

In the context of China’s promotion of green buildings and resilient urban development, new reinforcement technologies offer significant development prospects, while traditional methods have limited effectiveness in enhancing structural resilience. To address this latter issue, this study proposes a novel reinforcement method that involves enlarging the structural cross-section and adding external self-resetting components to improve seismic performance. While this method has been validated through quasi-static tests, limitations in terms of sample size and experimental conditions necessitate further research into the seismic performance and dynamic behavior of the reinforced framework. Consequently, this study uses finite element analysis to explore the influencing factors and dynamic characteristics of the reinforcement method. The results show that finite element modeling effectively simulates the stress characteristics of reinforced frameworks. Installing prefabricated beams significantly enhances the load-bearing capacity by 18% and reduces the residual deformation rates after earthquakes by 26%. Increased pre-tensioning of the steel strands further improves seismic resilience. This reinforcement method enables older structures lacking self-resetting capabilities to achieve some degree of self-resetting ability, and it performs well under various earthquake conditions.

Reactive hyperbranched core-shell architecture for developing high-performance bio-based adhesive

Soybean meal (SM) adhesives offer a promising alternative to formaldehyde-based adhesives; however, their broader application is hindered by suboptimal adhesive properties and inadequate water resistance. In this study, we designed a novel reactive core-shell architecture (DAS@HBPA/EP) composed of dialdehyde starch (DAS) as the core and hyperbranched epoxy (HBPA/EP) as the shell, aimed at developing an SM adhesive with excellent water resistance, high bonding strength, and superior toughness. The reactive shell of DAS@HBPA/EP formed covalent bonds with protein molecules in SM, creating a highly interconnected structure that enhanced both the adhesive properties and water resistance of SM. Additionally, the microphase separation induced by the DAS core and the flexible hyperbranched shell provided the SM adhesive with improved toughness. As a result, plywood bonded with the SM/DAS@HBPA/EP adhesive exhibited exceptional dry shear strength (up to 2.14 MPa) and wet shear strength (1.24 MPa), representing a 589 % improvement over the pure SM adhesive. This performance is comparable to commercial melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resins (E0 grade). Furthermore, the SM/DAS@HBPA/EP adhesive showed a high residue rate (82.30 %) and low water absorption rate (0.94 %), along with a uniform and dense microstructure. This simple and cost-effective strategy presents a novel approach to advancing technological innovation in the development of multifunctional composite materials.

Urinary Retention After GreenLight Laser Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate (GLL.PVP) Surgery for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): A 3-6 Month Retrospective Follow-Up Study.

Objective Our study was designed to evaluate the postoperative urinary retention (UR) and success rate of the GreenLight Laser (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) photoselective vaporization of the prostate (GLL.PVP) procedure for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) patients, both with and without high-risk factors. Methodology We conducted a retrospective follow-up study of postoperative patients who underwent GLL.PVP for BPH. We collected data from clinical health records, including notes from the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) clinic, trial without catheter (TWOC) clinic, and emergency department presentations with UR. The analysis examined several parameters, including the patient's age, high-risk factors, prostate volume, and both preoperative and postoperative objective voiding parameters. These voiding parameters included post-void residual (PVR) and maximum flow rate (Qmax). Additionally, the analysis looked into whether the patient had a catheter or experienced urinary retention prior to the surgery. Results A total of 50 GreenLight Laser PVP surgeries were performed over a 14-month period from May 2023 to July 2024 at West Middlesex University Hospital in London. Most of the patients were between the ages of 60 and 80. Prior to the surgery, data indicated that 17 patients (34%) were using long-term catheters, whereas 33 patients (66%) were not. Additionally, 25 patients (50%) were identified as having high-risk factors, which included being on anticoagulation therapy, a history of urinary retention, and a prostate volume exceeding 100 cc.Notably, the patient without h/o urinary retention had an average preoperative PVR of 150 mL and an averageQmaxof 7 mL/second In our 3-6 month retrospective postoperative follow-up study, we found that eight cases (16%) developed urinary retention, while 42 cases (84%) did not, with an average PVR volume of 105 mL and an average Qmax of 13.5 mL/second. In patients with preoperative urinary retention, 13 cases (76%) did not develop UR postoperatively whereas four cases (24%) developed. Conclusion Our study conclusively found that 42 cases (84%) of patients did not experience urinary retention (UR) in the follow-up after undergoing the GLL PVP operation, irrespective of any history of urinary retention or other high-risk factors. This unequivocally demonstrates the operation's efficacy. Furthermore, our findings revealed that three-quarters of patients with a preoperative history of urinary retention also did not develop UR post-surgery. The GLL.PVP procedure is safe and effective, leading to rapid improvements in voiding parameters.

Effectiveness of ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted excision for treating benign breast lesions.

Ultrasound‑guided vacuum-assisted excision (UGVAE) and breast biopsy are widely used for the diagnosis and treatment of both benign and suspicious breast lesions. In this retrospective study, we aimed to determine the safety of UGVAE for benign breast lesions and provide guidance for clinical practice. We analyzed clinical and pathological data of female patients who had undergone UGVAE between January 2015 and December 2017 at our institution. All breast lesions were categorized according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) before performing UGVAE. In our study cohort, UGVAE was used to resect 10,378 breast lesions from 5789 patients, and selected clinical and histopathological data were analyzed. The most common adverse events were postoperative bleeding (0.24%) and skin hypersensitivity (0.67%). The residual lesion rate was 2.27%. Fibroadenomas accounted for most of the benign lesions (7932 of 10,193; 77.82%). Breast cancer was diagnosed in 150 lesions from 128 patients. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses showed that older age (odds ratio [OR] = 2.034, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.668-2.480, p < 0.001), higher BI-RADS category (OR = 9.514, 95% CI: 6.790-13.332, p < 0.001), and larger legion size (OR = 1.048, 95% CI: 1.019-1.077, p = 0.001) were associated with an increased likelihood of breast cancer. Ninety-six patients with breast cancer had undergone follow-up treatment, achieving a 3-year disease-free survival rate of 97.2% and a 3-year overall survival rate of 100%. UGVAE is a safe and effective means of removing benign breast lesions, causing minimal postoperative trauma and fewer complications compared with open surgery. Moreover, UGVAE had little impact on the follow-up treatment and survival of patients diagnosed with breast cancer.

Corn grain yield, residue production, and nutrient concentration and extraction is affected by different residue incorporation rates in two biannual crop rotations

Abstract Conservation practices in agriculture using crop rotations and residue management benefit the productivity; these can vary depending on climate and soil conditions, crops, and amount of incorporated residue. The present study evaluated the effect of two biannual rotations; canola (Brassica napus L.) – corn (Zea mays L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) – corn rotations with four residue incorporation rates (0%, 50%, 100%, and 200%) of the preceding crop on corn grain yield, residue production, and nutrient concentration and extraction after two rotation cycles in a volcanic soil of moderate depth in south-central Chile. Grain yield varied between 17.04 and 17.40 Mg/ha, residue production between 16.41 and 16.50 Mg/ha. The preceding crop affected concentration and extraction of some nutrients in both grain and residue. The residue rate affected both concentration and extraction of some nutrients only in the grain. The Ca distribution to the corn grain was negatively affected by both the preceding bean crop and increasing residue incorporation rate. The ranking of total macronutrient extraction in the corn crop was K &gt; N &gt; Ca &gt; P &gt; Mg &gt; S. The extraction means ranged from 320 to 326, 56.0 to 57.1, 365 to 374, 86.5 to 99.3, 39.4 to 42.4, and 22.6 to 23.7 kg/ha, whereas grain nutrient distribution coefficients ranged from 64.5 to 66.8, 90.1 to 90.9, 23.1 to 23.7, 1.3 to 2.0, 50.8 to 57.5, and 60.3 to 60.6 for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S, respectively.

SURG-56. TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR CELL LINEAGE DETERMINES AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR AMONG NONFUNCTIONAL PITUITARY ADENOMAS

Abstract INTRODUCTION Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are the second most common intracranial neoplasm. Silent or non-functional PitNETs represent a common neuro-oncological challenge due to their size and unpredictable invasion of parasellar structures. This makes their complete surgical resection difficult and puts patients at higher risk for recurrence. OBJECTIVE To characterize differences in tumor volume, cavernous sinus invasion, and recurrence in nonfunctional PitNETs. METHODS Out of 615 transsphenoidal surgeries from 2012 to 2024, there were 309 overall PitNETs and 181 nonfunctional PitNETs. Based on new WHO criteria for transcription factor profiling (PIT-1, TPIT, and SF-1), there were 98 silent gonadotroph adenomas (SGA), 31 silent corticotroph adenomas (SCA), 10 silent pleurihormonal tumors (PHT), and 2 null cell adenomas. Tumor volume was calculated using (AxBxC/2). Knosp grade was calculated. Cavernous sinus invasion was defined as Knosp ≥ 3. Residual disease at 3 months postoperative was recorded and surgical intervention for growing residual disease was captured. RESULTS Average tumor volume of PHT (18.08 cm3) was significantly higher than SGA (8.44 cm3, p=0.007) and similar to SCA (10.33 cm3, p=0.11). Percentage of cavernous sinus invasion was significantly different between SCA (31.82%) and SGA (10.20%, p=0.003), but not PHT (33.33%; p&amp;gt;0.05). There was a significantly higher residual rate in SCA compared to SGA (31.71% vs. 11.22%, p=0.006). There were significantly more reoperations in the SCA group compared to SGA and PHT. CONCLUSIONS Despite similar tumor volume between SCA and SGA, there was a significantly higher rate of cavernous sinus invasion and residual disease among SCA. This has important neuro-oncological implications regarding surgical technique, postoperative surveillance, and need for adjuvant therapy to mitigate aggressive recurrent disease.

Study on the synergism mechanism of composite surfactants for oily sludge treatment using microemulsion method

The nonionic surfactant was considered to be the most effective surfactant for the treatment of oily sludge. In this paper, Tween20 and Span80 (T/S) composite surfactant was chosen as emulsifier for the preparation of microemulsion, and their synergistic effect was explored. Clint equation and molecular dynamics simulation was used to interpret the formation of mixed micelles and the results showed that T/S composite surfactant with the mass ratio of 11:1 exhibited the good synergetic effect. Then, the microemulsion prepared using composite surfactants was applied for the treatment of oily sludge. Under the optimal conditions of solid-liquid ratio of 1:1(g: mL), stirring temperature of 40 °C, stirring time of 30 min and stirring speed of 400 rpm, the residual oil rate was reduced to 0.25%, which was much lower than other reported results using chemical methods. Interface tensiometer and quartz crystal microbalance measurement showed that the interfacial tension decreased significantly after the addition of composite surfactant. This work provides a feasible strategy for oily sludge treatment using microemulsion, which promoted the development of oily sludge treatment processes based on microemulsion in practical industry.