Prevalence Rates Of Obesity Research Articles

Association of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, and gestational diabetes mellitus with BMI trajectory in early childhood: a prospective cohort study

Objective: To examine the associations of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with early childhood BMI trajectories. Methods: A total of 1 227 mother-child pairs from the Peking University Birth Cohort in Tongzhou were included in this study. In the cohort, maternal pre-pregnancy weight, height, gestational weight gain, and GDM diagnosis were collected. The children were followed up at birth and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months of age to obtain height/length and weight data. The longitudinal data-based k-means clustering algorithm was used to identify early childhood BMI trajectory groups. The associations of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, and GDM with early childhood BMI trajectories were analyzed using the logistic regression model. We further explored whether there is an interaction effect between pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and excessive gestational weight gain on the risk of the high BMI trajectory in early childhood through multiplicative and additive interaction analyses. Results: The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity before pregnancy were 21.2% (260 cases) and 6.6% (81 cases) respectively. The prevalence of excessive gestational weight gain and GDM was 57.7% (708 cases) and 30.9% (379 cases). The early childhood BMI trajectories were named low, medium, and high trajectories, accounting for 30.5%, 45.4% and 24.1%, respectively. After controlling potential confounding factors, it was found that pre-pregnancy overweight (OR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.12-2.12), obesity (OR=2.33, 95%CI: 1.41-3.85), and excessive gestational weight gain (OR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.10-1.97) were risk factors for being in the high BMI trajectory in early childhood. GDM was not significantly associated with early childhood BMI trajectories (P>0.05). Compared with the independent effects of pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity (OR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.17-3.09) and excessive gestational weight gain (OR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.03-2.04), the risk of being in the high BMI trajectory in early childhood was greater when the two factors coexisted (OR=2.38, 95%CI: 1.60-3.54). However, both the multiplicative and additive models showed no interaction effect between pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and excessive gestational weight gain. Conclusions: Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and excessive gestational weight gain are independent risk factors for children being in the high BMI trajectory in early childhood, providing scientific evidence for obesity prevention.

Relationship of anthropometric indices of obesity with the Big Five personality traits and cognition among undergraduate students

Background: Obesity is associated with personality and cognition. The association remains to be investigated in the African population. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and the relationship between anthropometric indices of obesity, personality traits, and cognition among undergraduate students in Kano, Nigeria. Methods: Two hundred and fifty-five (males = 94 and females = 161) undergraduates (17–30 years old) were recruited for the study. Anthropometric indices were measured according to the STEPwise protocol of the World Health Organization. Personality traits were assessed using the Big Five Personality Inventory, whereas cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool. Results: The mean age of the patients was 23 years. The prevalence rates of central obesity and general obesity were 26.3% and 1.6%, respectively. Waist circumference (WC) (r = 0.14, P = 0.025) and hip circumference (HC) (r = 0.126, P = 0.045) were positively correlated with neuroticism. However, WC (r = −0.138, P = 0.028), HC (r = −0.138, P = 0.028), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (r = −0.156, P = 0.011) were negatively correlated with naming (a component of MoCA) while WHtR was negatively correlated with MoCA (r = −0.126, P = 0.044). After adjusting for age, sex, and marital status, WC (odds ratio [OR] = 0.679 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.456–1.011]; P = 0.050), HC (OR = 1.414 [95% CI: 1.007–1.986]; P = 0.045), and waist-to-hip ratio (OR = 1357 [95% CI: 6.524–28248]; P = 0.039) were significant predictors of low MoCA score. Conclusion: The prevalence of central obesity among our participants was high and associated with neuroticism and poor cognition.

Prevention Strategies in Obesity Management: A Systematic Review Comparing Canadian and American Guidelines for Adults.

The fast-increasing obesity prevalence rates in children, youths, and adults in the last decade have made obesity prevention a global public health priority. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the various obesity prevention strategies and guidelines implemented in the United States and Canada. Thus, for this study, a systematic review was performed on various online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE. The decision to study the obesity prevention strategies in Canada and the United States is a result of the high prevalence rates of obesity in the two countries, alongside the numerous prevention interventions that have been executed to prevent obesity. Additionally, the systematic review used robust methodology that followed the Cochrane guidance and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Only studies published between 2014 and 2024, drawn from listed databases, were included in this systematic review. The quality of the included studieswas evaluated using the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies, with the studies being rated moderate to high quality. Therefore, a total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. The findings indicate that various obesity prevention interventions have been implemented across the United States and Canada, with diverse degrees of success in obesity prevention and management. Food labeling, regular exercises, portion size regulation, school-based intervention strategies, early childhood Intervention programs, and sugar-sweetened beverage taxation were found to be effective interventions for preventing obesity in children and adults. Based on the findings, there is a need to ensure full execution of the different interventions to ensure significant reduction in obesity prevalence, as well as prevention of obesity in different populations.

The Association of Overweight and Obesity With Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus At Al-Diwaniyah Province

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) represent a major concern for public health. and one of the main reasons for the global illness burden. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still the main reason for mortality worldwide and are a major contributor to both health loss and excessive expenditures on healthcare. Aim of study: to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among hypertensive or diabetic patients and identify the effect of these conditions on them. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study applied a convenient sample of 322 patients diagnosed with Hypertension or Type 2 diabetes, or both, who attended the Specialized Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology (SCDE) and Internal medicine consultant at Al-Diwaniyah province. An interview-based questionnaire is composed of several questions that have been gathered by researchers and assessed by a number of professionals. From the tenth of September to the beginning of February, the data was collected. Results: A total of 322 participants enrolled in this study, we found that the prevalence rate of obesity and overweight in groups of patients was 37.3% and 53.1%, respectively. There was a significant association between control of blood pressure in the diabetic group (p = 0.007), and there was a significant difference in mean age among the diabetes group, the hypertensive group, and the group with both diseases: 51.02 ±9.64 years, 50.58 ±12.06 years, and 54.14 ±9.97 years, respectively (p = 0.018). The difference in mean BMI among study groups was significant (p = 0.003); the highest mean BMI was seen in patients with both type 2 DM and hypertension, followed by the hypertension group, and the least mean BMI was noted in the diabetic group. Conclusions: The prevalence rate of obesity was higher than that of overweight among study groups. Age and education level were important risk factors for the development of comorbidity among patients. people with hypertension and type 2 diabetes had the greatest mean BMI, followed by hypertension patients, while diabetic patients had the lowest mean BMI (p = 0.003). The study discovered a substantial inverse connection between HDL-C, triglyceride, serum creatinine, and cholesterol in hypertensive patients, while A favorable association was identified among VLDL-C “and” cholesterol, whereas in diabetic patients, there was a significant favorable relationship between “LDL-C,” “VLDL-C,” “cholesterol,” and “TG” and an inverse connection between “HDL-C,” cholesterol, and blood urea.

Universal Free School Meals and School and Student Outcomes

The White House National Strategy on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health included expanding free school meals to all students, regardless of income, which has sparked debate in the United States. To assess the association between universal free school meals (UFSMs) and school and student outcomes in the United States. An expert panel-informed protocol was developed to evaluate intervention or cohort studies comparing UFSM programs, such as the Community Eligibility Provision (CEP), with non-UFSM programs in US schools from August 2012 (excluding 2020-2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic) in peer-reviewed publications or government reports. Outcomes included meal participation rates, attendance, dietary intake and quality, food waste, economic impact, food insecurity, anthropometrics, disciplinary actions, stigma, and shaming. A search of Medline, Econlit, Business Source Ultimate, ERIC, Agricola, Cab Abstracts, and CINAHL was performed in April 2024. Two researchers screened articles for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias, using the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions tool, for each included study. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations was used to assess the certainty of evidence for each outcome. The search identified 2784 records, with 6 studies included, representing more than 11 000 elementary, middle, and high schools. Nonrandomized intervention studies performed difference-in-difference or rate ratio analysis to investigate CEP participation rates, attendance, anthropometrics, and/or suspensions. CEP was associated with increased lunch (3 studies; moderate certainty) and breakfast (1 study; very low certainty) participation. School attendance was unchanged or improved in schools with CEP compared with schools without UFSM (2 studies; low certainty). CEP was associated with lower obesity prevalence (1 study; very low certainty) and fewer suspensions (1 study; very low certainty). Reasons for downgrading the certainty ratings included indirectness (data not fully representative of the United States) and inconsistency (small number of studies limiting ability to assess consistency). Despite the limitations, the evidence reflected well-designed longitudinal intervention studies appropriate for decision-making. In this systematic review, UFSMs were associated with increased meal participation, no or slight improvements in attendance, and decreased obesity prevalence and suspension rates; certainty of evidence was moderate for lunch participation and low or very low for other outcomes. Studies did not report several important outcomes, such as diet quality and food security, suggesting the need for more high-quality research encompassing policy-relevant indicators.

Bedside assessment of sarcopenia in hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis: Magnitude and clinical implications.

Sarcopenia is associated with many adverse outcomes in patients with cirrhosis. The tools currently in use for assessing sarcopenia have numerous flaws. We evaluated the utility of portable ultrasonography and a dynamometer for the bedside assessment of sarcopenia and its implications in hospitalized cirrhosis patients. A dynamometer was used to test the hand-grip strength (HGS) and ultrasound was used to measure the thickness of the forearm and quadriceps muscles. HGS value < 27kg for men and < 16kg for women was taken as significant according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) criteria. The lower normal limit of muscle mass (5th percentile) was determined on 100 matched healthy controls. According to the EWGSOP2 criteria and HGS values, the prevalence of sarcopenia and probable sarcopenia among 300 cirrhosis patients were 56% and 62.3%, respectively. HGS alone identified sarcopenia in 88.9% of patients, while overestimated it in 6.3% of cases. The prevalence rate of sarcopenic obesity was 11%. Compared to patients without sarcopenia, sarcopenic patients had more complications of cirrhosis such as ascites, variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, sepsis, hepatorenal syndrome and refractory ascites. In-hospital (p = 0.037), three-month (p < 0.001), and six-month (p < 0.001) mortality rates were all higher among sarcopenic patients. On cox regression survival analysis, overall six-month mortality was significantly higher in sarcopenic patients compared to patients without sarcopenia (hazard ratio, 6.37; 95% confidence interval, 3.15-12.8, p < 0.001). Bedside assessment of sarcopenia using a portable ultrasound machine and a dynamometer detects liver cirrhosis patients with high risk of complications and mortality.

An Ecological Association Between Air Pollution and Adolescent Obesity Study.

The purposes of this study were to assess the association between exposure to particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and adolescent obesity and to identify and visualize the world areas where the problems of adolescent obesity and air pollution by fine PM are more severe. This is an ecological study, based on publicly available data from a World Health Organization site. For each increase in air pollution there was an increase in the probability of being in the higher prevalence obesity group (OR = 1.18 (95% CI, 1.06-1.31). High prevalence rates for both adolescent obesity and air pollution by PM 2.5 were identified in several countries, including Venezuela, Algeria, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Oceania islands. Efforts by local authorities and world organizations should be focused on the countries with the highest prevalence rates for both conditions.

Overweight and obesity prevalence: a pilot implementation of the ‟COSI" methodology in the Republic of Srpska.

Childhood obesity has become a worldwide public health concern over the past decade, counting Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) was established by the World Health Organization (WHO) to address the lack of standardized surveillance data on childhood obesity. However, BiH and its entity, Republic of Srpska (RS), are failing inclusion in such initiative, which hinders efforts to monitor and address the issue. Henceforth, the objective of this nationally funded study was to gather and analyse data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary-school children in RS by implementing the COSI methodology. Weight, height, and BMI of first, second, and third grade children (aged 6-8), from 11 schools (N = 2,030) in the RS region was analysed according to the standardized COSI protocol. The prevalence rates of overall overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) observed were 14.37% (OW 9.09%, OB 5.21%). No gender-related differences were noted (boys 14.36%, girls 14.88%). These findings highlight a concerning trend of increasing overweight and obesity prevalence with age among primary-school children in the RS.

Female Infertility and Obesity Across the United States: A Geographic Cross-Sectional Analysis

Introduction: The CDC’s “Adult Obesity Maps in 2022” suggests that the southern parts of the United States (US) have the highest prevalence rates of obesity. Similarly, the Health Resources and Services Administration identifies the Southern states as having the highest numbers of medically underserved areas. The health implications of obesity are numerous, with some affecting reproductive ability in both genders. With infertility on the rise, studies have examined the numerous modalities that implicate obesity in female infertility. One such route associates the increased adipose tissue with reduced oocyte maturation by promoting functional hyperandrogenism and hypoestrogenism, which triggers anovulation. This study was devised to investigate the landscape across the different regions in the US and detect correlations between female infertility and obesity. The hypothesis was that the southern region would have the highest correlation between female infertility and obesity compared to other regions across the US. Methods: This cross-sectional study used the NIH’s ‘All of Us’ Researcher Workbench to devise two cohorts of all ages, ethnicities, and races. The first group, the control cohort, included “female infertility” participants and excluded “sex assigned at birth – male” participants. The second group, the variable cohort, consisted of participants with both “obesity” and “female infertility” while excluding “sex assigned at birth – male” participants. The US was divided into four regions based on zip code. The first three digits of each participant’s zip code were logged and localized to the Midwest, Northeast, South, or West. The participant’s data was coded into the Python analysis software. Various data points were also recorded and analyzed. The number of participants with both female infertility and obesity was then compared to the number of females with infertility only and compared against each region to establish a correlation percentage. Statistical analysis used Chi-Square and focused on identifying degrees of freedom. Results: In the control group, the number of participants who qualified for infertile females was 2,754, with 1,182 participants from the Midwest, 1,062 from the Northeast, 279 from the South, and 231 from the West. For the variable cohort, 1,198 participants were concurrently infertile and obese females. This data was also sub-grouped based on region: the Midwest with 481 participants, the Northeast with 491 participants, the South had 133 participants, and the West had 93 participants. Each variable group number was subsequently divided by its respective control group’s number of infertile female participants. The percentages for each region were: Midwest (28.9%), Northeast (31.6%), South (32.3%), and West (28.7%). The results suggest that the Southern US region has the highest percentage of concurrently infertile and obese females compared to the rest of the country, while the lowest is the West. These findings were statistically significant (two-tailed P value &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion: Our study utilized the NIH ‘All of Us’ Researcher Workbench to demonstrate the variation among the different United States regions and their correlations between females who are both obese and infertile. Knowing that the southern region of the United States has (A) the highest rates of obesity, (B) the highest rates of medically unserved communities, in addition to (C) the highest rate of concurrent female infertility and obesity, this study serves as a platform to stress the need for increased awareness of the implications of obesity. Increasing access to health education and medical care across the country, especially in the southern states, focusing on managing obesity may help improve infertility.

Assessment of Nutritional Status Among Undergraduate Students at a Nairobi Tertiary Institution Using BMI and Waist Circumference Metrics

This study investigated the impact of dietary and lifestyle changes on the nutritional status of undergraduate students during their transition to university life and the associated risk for non- ommunicable diseases. A review of global studies indicated varying prevalence rates of overweight and obesity among university students, influenced by diet, physical activity, and sleep patterns. This research specifically assessed the nutritional status of Kenyatta University students in Nairobi, Kenya, with an emphasis on the limited studies utilizing both BMI and waist circumference for assessment. Employing a cross-sectional, analytical design, the study was conducted at Kenyatta University Main Campus in Nairobi County. This public research university, founded in 1970, was selected for its urban setting and its representation of young adults. The target population comprised undergraduate students pursuing bachelor’s degrees, with inclusion criteria of voluntary participation and at least six months on campus. Multi-stage stratified sampling was used to select 260 participants. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, pretested on 10% of the sample, with reliability assessed via a test-retest method. Anthropometric measurements were taken by trained research assistants. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24, evaluating nutritional status with BMI and waist circumference. Ethical considerations and COVID-19 protocols were rigorously observed. Findings revealed that, based on BMI, 67.5% of respondents had normal weight, while 8.4%, 16.5%, and 7.6% were underweight, overweight, and obese, respectively. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25) was 24.1%. Female respondents showed a higher prevalence of obesity (63.2%) and overweight (73.2%) compared to males. In the underweight category, more males were underweight (57.1%) than females. Waist circumference assessment indicated that 21.7% had abdominal obesity, with a higher prevalence among females (87%) compared to males (13%), highlighting a gender-based risk factor for abdominal obesity. The study’s BMI analysis revealed a substantial proportion of respondents within the normal weight range, with significant gender disparities in obesity and overweight prevalence. The waist circumference assessment underscored a notable occurrence of abdominal obesity, particularly among females, indicating gender-specific susceptibility to this health concern.

Prevalence of Childhood Obesity and Overweight Among 6-12 Years of Children in Lucknow City and Its Association with Socio-Demographic Factors

Childhood obesity has reached pandemic levels in India. It is a significant contributing factor to various health conditions in children. There is a paucity of comprehensive data on obesity prevalence among elementary age group. Therefore, this study aims to find out the overweight and obesity prevalence among school going children of age group 6-12 years in Lucknow city. This was a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 509 students going to both private and government schools. Sample group was selected through systematic random sampling. Height, weight and BMI were measured. Respondents were categorized as obese, overweight and normal based on IAP BMI cut-offs. Socio-demographic data were systematically gathered through administration of structured questionnaires. Results were statistically analyzed using descriptive and chi-square test. The study determined that the combined prevalence rate of obesity and overweight in Luckow city was 29.7%. 13.6% of boys and 14.4% of girls were obese. Respondents related to lower and upper middle class (p &lt;.001) and having working parents (p =.001), especially mothers (p= 0.00), were the affected highest. It can be concluded that overweight and obesity rates are getting higher in children. To address these escalating rates the implementation of robust nutritional education programs is necessary that specifically target both children and parents. Keywords: Childhood, Obesity, Overweight, Prevalence, Body mass index, Children

Multiple obesity indices suggest a close relationship between obesity and constipation: evidence from NHANES

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the relationship between obesity and constipation among American adults.MethodsOur study leveraged data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This comprehensive approach enabled us to summarize the weighted prevalence rates of obesity in adults. To further deepen our understanding, we employed a variety of analytical methods. These included multivariable logistic regression, subgroup analysis and restricted cubic splines. Through these methodologies, we were able to effectively evaluate the correlation between various obesity indicators and constipation, offering new insights into this complex relationship.ResultsThe weighted prevalence of constipation stands at 9.42%. Notably, an increased risk of constipation is linked with a BMI (body mass index) exceeding 28 kg/m2, WSR (waist-stature ratio) that is either between 58.3 and 64.8 or above 64.8, as well as a LAP (lipid accumulation products) ranging from 50.8 to 90.1. In contrast, a reduced risk of constipation is associated with WWI (weight-adjusted-waist index) that falls between 0.015 and 0.020, exceeds 0.020, and without the presence of central obesity (P < 0.05). Restricted cubic spline analysis, a significant non-linear relationship was discerned between BMI, WSR, and LAP in relation to constipation.ConclusionsThis pioneering large-scale study explores the relationship between various obesity indices and constipation. It reveals that reducing the BMI, WSR, LAP and waist circumference can decrease the risk of constipation. Conversely, a higher value of WWI correlates with a lower constipation risk, and this remains true even after adjusting for a wide range of variables.

The dual prevalence of advanced degrees of obesity and heart failure: a study from the National Inpatient Sample database

BackgroundNational prevalence rates for obesity and heart failure (HF) have been steadily increasing, which predisposes patients to higher morbidity and mortality rates. ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HF stages in hospitalized patients according to their body mass index (BMI). SettingAcademic institution. MethodsNational Inpatient Sample data from 2016 to 2018 were examined to identify patients with obesity, HF (presence or absence of advanced HF [AHF]), and cardiogenic shock (CS). The proportion of hospital admissions was determined for each category on the basis of the presence of AHF with/without CS. A comparative analysis was performed between patients with and without AHF, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for the event of AHF. The same analyses were performed for the event of CS. ResultsA total of 3,354,970 hospital admissions were identified. The prevalence of hospital admissions with a diagnosis of AHF and class III obesity and a diagnosis of CS and class III obesity was 21% and .5%, respectively. The prevalence of AHF and other classes of BMI and CS and other classes of BMI was 17% and .5%, respectively. The univariate analysis showed that there were significant variations in 10 factors between hospital admissions with/without the diagnosis of both AHF and CS. Statistical analyses indicated the following findings: Hospitalized patients in higher obesity groups are more likely to have AHF, and they are less likely to have CS compared with those with a BMI of ≤29.9. ConclusionsThis study revealed that the prevalence of AHF was significantly higher in hospitalized patients with class III obesity. These findings have implications for clinical management, and it can be inferred that these patients are less likely to receive advanced cardiac replacement therapies and might benefit from innovative approaches to address severe dual morbidity.

“I have not been doing it because of my fear of something happening.” Exploring perspectives on healthy dietary behaviors and physical activity in Mexican pregnant women and health care professionals: A qualitative study

ObjectivesMexico exhibits one of the highest prevalence rates of overweight and obesity globally, accompanied by a surge in non-communicable diseases, which in turn leads to elevated mortality rates. Existing efforts to address rising obesity rates have shown limited effectiveness. Maternal weight, diet, and physical activity (PA) during pregnancy affect the mother's and offspring's health. Despite the importance of establishing and engaging in healthy behaviors during pregnancy, little is known about which factors impact these behaviors among pregnant women in Mexico. This study explored perspectives on factors impacting healthy dietary behaviors and PA in pregnancy from pregnant women and health care professionals in Mexico. MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with 11 pregnant women and 12 health care professionals working in prenatal care. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis in a stepwise inductive approach. ResultsClassifying factors at the 1) individual level, 2) relational level, and 3) health care system level, three overall themes emerged. At the individual level, challenges with lack of time and competing priorities as well as knowledge of healthy dietary behaviors and PA were identified. At the relational level, influencing factors encompassed financial, social, and emotional support along with descriptive norms. At the health care system level, guidelines for PA during pregnancy and the quality of care were noted. ConclusionsThis study identified factors impacting healthy dietary behaviors and PA in pregnancy in Mexico. Important considerations for future interventions include addressing sociocultural norms around healthy dietary behaviors and PA in pregnancy and involving pregnant women's families, closest social networks, and health care professionals working at the prenatal care unit.

Influence of obesity on blood glucose control using continuous glucose monitoring data among patients with type 1 diabetes

IntroductionThe global increase in the prevalence rates of overweight or obesity has also affected patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), where this disease had traditionally been associated with a lean phenotype. On the other hand, the effect of obesity on new glycemic control metrics obtained from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in T1D is poorly understood. We wanted to assess whether there is any relationship between BMI (body mass index) and the different CGM metrics or HbA1c. MethodsTwo hundred and twenty-five patients with T1D (47.1% ♀, mean age 42.9±14.7 years) with a CGM for a minimum of 6 months were analysed by downloading their CGM and collecting clinical and anthropometric variables. Results35.1% (79/225) of the T1D patients had overweight and 17.3% (39/225) lived with obesity, while the remaining 47.6% had a normal weight. A negative correlation was found between GMI (glucose management indicator) and BMI (−0.2; p=0.008) and HbA1c (−0.2; p=0.01). In contrast, a positive correlation was observed between the total dose of insulin and the BMI (0.3; p<0.0001). No significant correlations were found between BMI and other CGM metrics. ConclusionsOverweight or obesity do not imply worse glycemic control in patients with T1D or less use of CGM. Possibly, and in order to achieve a good glycemic control, more units of insulin are necessary in these patients which, in turn, makes weight control more difficult.

Abstract P410: Prevalence and Short Term Follow Up Rates Across the Childhood and Adolescent Obesity Population in a Community Hospital

Background: Obesity is a global pandemic, which is 20.7% prevalent among 6-11 yr old and 22.2% prevalent among 12-19 year old(CDC). Aim is to understand the prevalence across different age groups in a community hospital setting. Secondary aim is to assess the variance of follow up rates across childhood and adolescence as follow up is crucial for the success of any physician intervention. Methods: We considered pediatric patients between 5 to 20 years old visiting primary care clinics within a 3-month period with a diagnosis of obesity for our study. We determined the follow up rate for 3 month scheduled weight checks for obese patients relative to the age groups. Results: We identified a total of 264 patients with obesity diagnosis (&gt;95th percentile BMI) visiting outpatient clinics within a three month period. In our sample, the prevalence of obesity in childhood years (5-11) was 58.7%(155 of 264) and prevalence of obesity in the adolescent age group(12-20) was 41.2% (109 of 264). We recorded 30.3%(108 of 155) follow up in childhood years and 33.9%(72 of 109) follow up in the adolescent age group. The calculated p value was &gt;0.05, hence the follow up rates across different age groups are not statistically significant. Conclusions: Focused intervention on the childhood age group will decrease the prevalence rates of obesity in a community hospital setting. This study emphasizes the need to formulate a plan to increase the follow up rates in the pediatric obesity population given its high prevalence in community hospital settings. No statistical significance has been found with follow up rates across various age groups. Further research controlling the confounding factors like environmental and socioeconomic factors help us understand the factors hindering follow ups across various age groups.

Determinant Factors Of Nutritional Status In Adolescents

Background: The nutritional status of adolescents in Gorontalo Province is based on data. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the 13-15 year age group is 16%. The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity in the 16-18 year age group reached 12.4%. The results of the Gorontalo Province Riskesdas in 2018 showed that physical activity in the low category was high, namely 34.0% and obesity based on BMI in the adult group was 24.4% (Indonesian Ministry of Health, 2018). By knowing the facts above, further research will be carried out regarding the determinants of nutritional status in adolescents in Gorontalo.Purpose: The aim of this research is to determine the determinants of nutritional status in adolescents in Gorontalo City.Methods: The type of research used is Observational Analytical with a Cross sectional approach. The population in this research is teenagers in Gorontalo City. In research, the sampling technique is by accidental sampling. This research will be conducted from January to May 2023. The instrument used in this research is a questionnaire.Conclusion: The results of this research are that there is a relationship between food intake (carbohydrate intake, protein intake and fat intake with the incidence of nutritional status. There is no relationship between stress levels and physical activity and the incidence of nutritional status. Suggestions provide education to teenagers about the importance of nutritional status.Keywords: Determinant factors, nutritional status, adolescents

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Childhood Obesity and Overweight in Erbil City, Kurdistan, Iraq: A Household Survey

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased dramatically during the last three decades. It is estimated that 170 million youngsters (under the age of 18) worldwide are overweight. Obesity is commonly regarded as one of the most significant public health problems of the early 21st century due to its rapid rise and severe public health consequences. According to previous research, the prevalence rate of obesity and overweight increased in Erbil. This study aims to determine the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity rates in Erbil. This study was a household survey based on a cross-sectional study that was conducted, and a multi-stage sampling strategy was used to choose the study sample. A questionnaire was conducted to collect the data, SPSS was used for analysing the data, and Chi-square (X²), was used to identify any kind of association between different variables in the study, whereas the p-value was considered (0.05). Regarding ethical approval, the study was conducted under the guidelines of the ethical approval research committee in the College of Medicine. In this research, the prevalence rate of obesity and overweight was 30.4%, 7.7% of them were obese, and 22.7% were overweight. The obesity rates between males and females were not different. Lifestyle and habit had an impact on increasing weight gain, though the number of meals, outside eating, fast foods, and snacks between meals were statistically not significant. However, eating without hunger was significant the p-value was (0.008). On the other hand, the children's habit of using electronic devices, smartphones, and other devices was significant, either using their mobile phone or their parent's phone. In conclusion, in Erbil city, the prevalence rate of obesity and overweight was dramatically increased, as well as the lifestyle factor that contributed to the development of these conditions, especially among those children exposed to multi-screen devices. According to these results, families have to improve their lifestyles and decrease the use of electrical devices by children.

Association between increased BMI and cognitive function in first-episode drug-naïve male schizophrenia.

Although the adverse effects of obesity in schizophrenia are documented, there is limited research exists on the implications for untreated initial schizophrenia. Our investigation aimed to explore the connections between BMI and cognitive function in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN)schizophrenia. We enrolled 143 FEDN schizophrenia patients, and collected data on their body mass index, fasting blood glucose and lipid levels. Cognitive function was measured with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Using correlation and regression analysis to assess the relationship between BMI and cognitive performance. The prevalence rate of overweight plus obesity in FEDN schizophrenia patients was 33.57%. Patients with FEDN schizophrenia exhibited extensive cognitive impairment, and those who were overweight/obesity demonstrated more severe impairments in working memory and visual learning when compared to normal/under weight counterparts. Correlation analysis indicated a negative association between working memory and BMI and TG, as well as a link between visual learning and BMI and LDL-C. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that a higher BMI predicted a decrease in working memory in FEDN schizophrenia patients. Our results indicate that the rate of overweight plus obesity is high in FEDN schizophrenia patients, and there is an association between BMI and cognitive function in schizophrenia, particularly in relation to working memory.

The prevalence of obesity and relationship between obesity indicators and chronic diseases in Northern Shaanxi, China.

Obesity not only affects human health but also is an important risk factor for a variety of chronic diseases. Therefore, it is particularly important to analyse the epidemic trend of obesity and actively carry out the prevention and control of obesity in the population. A total of 4565 adults were selected by multi-stage stratified random sampling in Shenmu, Shaanxi Province, China. Univariate analysis was used to explore the epidemic characteristics of obesity in this region. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse the relationship between obesity and chronic diseases. Finally, the prediction efficiency of different obesity indexes was analysed by drawing receiver operator characteristic curves (ROC). All statistical analysis was completed by SPSS 26.0 software. The prevalence rates of overweight, obesity, and central obesity were 39.9%, 18.2%, and 48.0%, respectively. After adjusting for other confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that overweight and obesity were risk factors for hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and hyperuricaemia. Central obesity is a risk factor for dyslipidaemia and hyperuricaemia. High level of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was a risk factor for dyslipidaemia and hyperuricaemia (p < 0.05). Obesity-related indicators: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and WHtR, are strongly correlated with the increased risk of chronic diseases in northern Shaanxi, China. The optimal BMI cut-off values for predicting hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and hyperuricaemia were 24.27, 24.04, and 25.54, respectively. The optimal WC cut-off values for predicting dyslipidaemia and hyperuricaemia were 84.5 and 90.5, and WHtR cut-off values were 0.52 and 0.54, respectively. The problem of overweight, obesity, and central obesity in adults is serious in northern Shaanxi, China. Obesity of all types will increase the risk of chronic diseases. Therefore, a variety of preventive and therapeutic measures should be adopted to curb obesity and reduce the incidence of related chronic diseases.