CR Rate Research Articles

Randomized, Phase III Trial of Mixed Formulation of Fosrolapitant and Palonosetron (HR20013) in Preventing Cisplatin-Based Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: PROFIT.

Mixed formulation of fosrolapitant and palonosetron (PALO), HR20013, is a novel fixed-dose intravenous antiemetic combination that could simultaneously antagonize neurokinin-1 and 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptors. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HR20013 plus dexamethasone (DEX) versus fosaprepitant (FAPR) plus PALO + DEX for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). This is a noninferiority study. Chemotherapy-naïve patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive HR20013 (day 1) or FAPR + PALO (day 1) before each cycle of cisplatin-based HEC (two cycles in total), together with oral DEX (day 1-4). The primary end point was overall (0-120 hours) complete response (CR; no vomiting/no rescue therapy) rate in cycle 1. The key secondary end point was CR rate at the beyond delayed phase (120-168 hours) in cycle 1. Three hundred seventy-three patients were enrolled to receive HR20013 + DEX and 377 to FAPR + PALO + DEX. The overall CR rate in cycle 1 was 77.7% for HR20013 + DEX and 78.2% for FAPR + PALO + DEX (difference = -0.9% [95% CI, -6.7 to 5.0]; one-sided P < .01), demonstrating that HR20013 + DEX was noninferior to FAPR + PALO + DEX. The superiority of HR20013 + DEX over FAPR + PALO + DEX in CR rate at the beyond delayed phase in cycle 1 was not met (90.3% v 86.5%; two-sided P = .11). In cycle 2, HR20013 + DEX showed greater proportions of patients reporting no impact on daily life at the delayed (24-120 hours) and beyond delayed phases compared with FAPR + PALO + DEX. The incidences of treatment-related adverse events were 35.7% during cycle 1 and 42.1% during entire study for HR20013 + DEX, versus 38.2% and 44.0% for FAPR + PALO + DEX. HR20013 + DEX was noninferior to FAPR + PALO + DEX for preventing HEC-CINV and well tolerated, with the potential to reduce the impact of CINV on daily life.

Preparation and characterization of functionally antibacterial multi-layer lignin core-shell structure material with adsorption and high efficiency of photocatalysis for Cr(Ⅵ)

Wastewater with chromium is a common heavy metal pollution in industrial pollution, affecting health of human seriously, while adsorption and photocatalysis are efficient for Cr(Ⅵ) removal. The multi-layer lignin core-shell structure materials were prepared with kraft lignin/polydopamine core-shell structure material, using non-covalent bonding to induce the in-situ induction of TiO2. The hydroxyl group of kraft lignin and the amino group of polydopamine provided abundant adsorption active sites with adsorption capacity being 299mg/g at pH of 2. The adsorption process conformed to the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The removal rate of Cr(Ⅵ) reached more than 99.9% within 10min under simulated solar light with influence of adsorption and photocatalysis. The multi-layer lignin core-shell structure materials presented excellent antibacterial activity, with the inhibition rate against S.aureus and E.coli being 40% under dark conditions and 99% under simulated solar light because h+ or ·OH producing by TiO2. The antibacterial multi-layer lignin core-shell structure materials showed good universality in water pollution treatment.

Insights into the removal mechanism of Cr(VI) from groundwater by polypyrrole modified sludge biochar

Taking sludge biochar as the raw material and using iron and magnesium as metal sources respectively, two composite materials, polypyrrole magnesium modified biochar (PPy/MBC) and polypyrrole nano-zero-valent iron modified biochar (PPy/nZVI/BC), were prepared by in-situ oxidation polymerization of pyrrole monomers. The removal effects and mechanisms of these composite materials on hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in groundwater were studied. The research results showed that the removal effect of PPy/MBC was superior to that of PPy/nZVI/BC. The highest removal rates of Cr(VI) and Cr(Total) were 170 and 120 mg·g−1 respectively. The adsorption kinetics followed the quasi-second-order kinetics and the adsorption isotherm conformed to the Langmuir adsorption isothermal model. The Elovich model indicated that the adsorption of Cr(VI) by PPy/MBC was a heterogeneous diffusion adsorption dominated by chemical adsorption. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that the adsorption of Cr(VI) by PPy/MBC was a spontaneous endothermic reaction. The specific surface area of the modified PPy/MBC reached 26.0824 m2·g−1, which was 7.9 times higher than that of the unmodified biochar. Positively charged nitrogen (-NH·+-), Mg2+ and Cl− in PPy/MBC removed Cr(VI) from groundwater through electrostatic interaction and ion exchange. Most anions and humic acids in groundwater had no significant effect on the removal of chromium by PPy/MBC. In general, the preparation of PPy/MBC composite material was simple, green and environmentally friendly. It had high adsorption removal efficiency and adsorption stability for Cr(VI) in groundwater, and good anti-interference against the background matrix in groundwater. Therefore, it was a promising adsorbent that could efficiently treat Cr(VI) in groundwater.

Speedy synthesis of magnetite/carbon dots for efficient chromium removal and reduction: a combined experimental and DFT approach

Abstract Magnetic carbon dots (Fe3O4/N–CQDs) was prepared by and eco-friendly and one-step microwave method using sugarcane bagasse (SB) as a starting material, and applied to remove ad reduce Cr(VI) in wastewater. The magnetization process was performed by a novel microwave method instead of the long time conventional co-precipitation method. The prepared Fe3O4/N–CQDs showed high saturated magnetization (Ms ~ 38.047 emu/g). When neat N–CQDs and Fe3O4/N–CQDs were applied to adsorb Cr(VI), the R% was slightly higher in the case of Fe3O4/N–CQDs (93.86%) compared to N–CQDs (91.73%). Moreover, the reduction rate of Cr(VI) by Fe3O4/N–CQDs was higher than the N–CQDs. The study confirmed the presence of magnetic iron oxide (Fe-O) in the N–CQDs at 655 cm−1 using FTIR spectroscopy. Interestingly, XRD analysis revealed peaks indicative of elemental iron (Fe(0)) alongside the iron oxide. Furthermore, TGA/DTG analysis showed a significantly higher weight residue (∑RW) for Fe3O4/N–CQDs compared to N–CQDs alone, suggesting enhanced thermal stability due to the Fe3O4 component. This stability is further supported by higher activation energy (∑A) and pre-exponential factor (∑s) obtained for Fe3O4/N–CQDs compared to N–CQDs. The prepared Fe3O4/N–CQDs showed higher fluorescence compared to the N–CQDs, which make them suitable as a chemosensor for the future work. In addition, DFT calculations confirmed the high stability of the Fe3O4/N–CQDs compared to N–CQDs. Graphical Abstract

Outcomes with loncastuximab tesirine following CAR T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

The efficacy of loncastuximab tesirine (lonca) following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) progression/failure is unknown. Hence, we sought to examine real-world use and outcomes of lonca following CAR-T in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the USA. In this retrospective study, we included adults (age ≥ 18 years) with R/R DLBCL who received lonca monotherapy as third- (3 L) or fourth line (4 L) treatment after progressing on second line (2 L) or 3 L CAR-T, respectively. Post-CAR-T lonca outcomes included response rates (overall response rate [ORR] and complete response [CR] rate), duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). A total of 118 patients were included in the analysis with 95 receiving lonca following 2 L CAR-T (median age:66 years; 61% male) and 23 following 3 L CAR-T (median age:57 years; 43% male). Patients with 2 L CAR-T/3 L lonca had an ORR of 73% (CR rate of 34%). With a median follow-up of 8.5 months following lonca initiation, median DOR, PFS, and OS were not reached. The DOR, PFS, and OS at 12 months were 68%, 77%, and 84%, respectively. Patients with 3 L CAR-T/4 L lonca had an ORR of 78% (CR rate of 17%). With a median follow-up of 13 months following lonca initiation, the median DOR and PFS were 7.6 and 12.0 months, while median OS was not reached. OS at 12 months was 95%. In this study, we found that lonca monotherapy was an effective treatment option in R/R DLBCL in 3 L and 4 L settings including those who were resistant to or progressed after CAR-T.

Nelarabine-combined chemotherapy improves outcome of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia but shows more severe neurotoxicity: JALSG T-ALL213-O.

We investigated the effectiveness and safety of nelarabine (NEL)-combined chemotherapy for newly diagnosed adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients. We conducted a phase II trial, T-ALL213-O, where adult T-ALL patients aged 25 to 64 were treated by a regimen based on that used in our previous study, ALL202-O. The main modifications from ALL202-O to T-ALL213-O were as follows: (1) NEL-combined chemotherapy, instead of consolidation (C)1, was used for non-complete remission (CR) patients after induction therapy (IND)1 as IND2; (2) NEL treatments were inserted into C3 and C5 on day 29. Twenty-four patients were analyzed. Ten patients did not receive NEL treatment due to therapy termination prior to C3. Three-year event-free survival (EFS) was 70%, with 52% as the lower limit of its 90% confidence interval, which exceeded the threshold of 25%; thus, the study treatment was considered effective. The CR rates by IND1, IND2, and both were 75%, 100%, and 88%, respectively. The 5-year EFS and 5-year overall survival rates were 66% and 70%, respectively, with median follow-ups of 7.7 and 7.8 years. The addition of NEL improved the CR rate but not survival, compared with T-ALL patients in ALL202-O. Severe neuropathy after NEL administration was observed at a high frequency. Seven (50%) of 14 patients treated with NEL showed grade 3 peripheral neuropathy and/or gait disturbance. The neurotoxicity was considered stronger than that previously reported. Combination therapy of NEL at this dose and intensive multidrug chemotherapy is associated with a high risk of severe neurotoxicity (JALSG T-ALL213-O, UMIN000010642).

Visible-light driven S-scheme Bi2WO6/graphitic carbon nitride heterojunction for efficient simultaneous removal of TC and Cr(VI)

The application of photocatalysts in water governance has attracted extensive attention, and past research efforts often focused on single pollutant removal. Simultaneous removal of multiple pollutants from wastewater by a single processing unit is highly desirable, realistic, and challenging. The use of band-matched semiconductors to form heterojunctions is an important way to achieve this technology. In this work, we have designed a Bi2WO6/g-C3N4 heterojunction via an in-situ growth method. The in-suit XPS was used to verify the electron transfer pathway which conforms to the S-scheme mechanism. Under visible light irradiation, the removal rates of Cr(VI) and TC are 97.7 % and 96.0 % respectively. In addition to the excellent photocatalytic performance, the catalyst showed a high degree of stability during the five cycles. The formation mechanism of S-scheme heterojunction is discussed based on DFT calculation and physicochemical characterization. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) were used to analyze and predict the degradation pathways, intermediates, and toxicity. The efficient performance of the photocatalyst is attributed to the more efficient photogenerated charge transfer efficiency brought about by the formation of the built-in electric field, and the improvement of the photogenerated carrier recombination rate to provide more reactive sites with a large specific surface area. We provide a practicable strategy for the efficient treatment of inorganic and organic co-pollutants in environmental water by constructing an S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst.

Effective Uptake of Cadmium and Chromium from Wastewater Using Carbon-Based Capsicum annuum

Toxic metal ions such as cadmium-Cd(II) and chromium-Cr(VI) are toxic, do not degrade easily in nature, and can cause various disorders and diseases in humans. Removing and monitoring Cd(II) and Cr(VI) ions is necessary for improving water quality. This study aimed to produce an adsorbent from activated carbon of Capsicum annuum and assess its ability to adsorb Cd(II) and Cr(VI) ions from water. The results showed that the adsorbent from C. annuum was porous after its conversion to activated carbon. The pH(PZC) of carbon-based Capsicum annuum was acidic, with a pH of 2.68. The highest capacities for both metal ions were observed at a pH of 1 for Cr(VI) and pH 5 for Cd(II), with capacities of 18.38 and 29.48 mg/g, respectively. The Freundlich sorption model proved to be the most suitable method. The adsorption of Cr(VI) and Cd(II) increased when the initial concentrations were raised from 20 and 60 mg/L; thereafter, a decrease was observed. The data showed that the adsorption of Cd(II) was fast and reached a maximum in 40 min, while Cr(VI) increased with time up to 30 min; thereafter, the rate for Cr(VI) decreased, while equilibrium was reached for Cd(II) ions. The temperature effect showed that the adsorption of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) ions reached a maximum at 55 and 45 °C, respectively. The results of enthalpy change (ΔH°) showed that the uptake process was exothermic, while the change in thermodynamic values of Gibbs energy (ΔG°) indicated that the sorption process was spontaneous and achievable. The greatest adsorption capacities for Cd(II) and Cr(VI) ions were 34.34 and 15.24 mg/g, respectively. The activated carbon from C. annuum proved to be effective for the adsorption of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) from wastewater.

The impact of calcination atmosphere on Cr(Ⅵ) conversion in correction raw materials for high iron red mud

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate a new approach for reducing the production of harmful Cr(VI) heavy metals in the collaborative disposal of Red mud by cement enterprises. The study examined the effects of different ratios on the conversion rate of Cr(VI) in clinker under various calcination temperatures and atmospheres, and analyzed the raw material composition, clinker composition, and Cr(VI) content using XRD and XPS. The results indicate that the conversion rate of Cr(VI) is positively correlated with the concentration of oxygen, with the highest conversion rate of 93.4% achieved at 15% oxygen concentration. XPS analysis revealed that the peak intensity of Cr(VI) in clinker calcined under 4% O2 atmosphere was significantly higher than that of the sample calcined under 4000 mg/kg CO atmosphere. The study also found that the concentration of CO can reduce the conversion rate of Cr(VI) at high calcination temperatures, while at low calcination temperatures, the change in CO concentration has little effect on the conversion rate of Cr(VI). The specific objectives include examining the effects of different ratios, calcination temperatures, and atmospheres on the conversion rate of Cr(VI) in clinker. Additionally, when the ratio is the same as the calcination atmosphere, increasing the calcination temperature leads to an increase in the conversion rate of Cr(VI). The obtained results suggest a new approach for reducing the production of Cr(VI) in the collaborative disposal of Red mud by cement enterprises, which could have practical applications in engineering environmental protection.

Outcomes of Children and Adolescents with Acute Myeloid Leukemia and FLT3-ITD Treated with Low- or Standard-Dose Chemotherapy Plus Sorafenib on the Cals III-AML18 Trial (ChiCTR1800015883)

Background: FLT3 -ITD mutations are linked to a poor prognosis in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Combining targeted therapies, such as sorafenib, with chemotherapy may enhance outcomes for these patients. Low-dose chemotherapy (LDC) has demonstrated safety and effectiveness in some cases. We aimed to investigate whether combining LDC or standard-dose chemotherapy (SDC) with sorafenib can improve the prognosis of patients with FLT3-ITD-positive AML. Methods: From June 2018 to June 2022, this multicenter clinical trial enrolled 497 children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), who were randomly assigned to receive either low-dose chemotherapy (LDC) or standard-dose chemotherapy (SDC). Among these, 60 patients were positive for FLT3-ITD mutations. Sorafenib was administered based on recommendations of physicians at a dosage of 200 mg/m²/day. We compared clinical characteristics and outcomes between patients receiving sorafenib (n=40) and those not receiving sorafenib (n=20), focusing on rates of complete morphologic remission with or without platelet recovery (CR/CRi), overall survival (OS), and event-free survival (EFS). Results: There were no significant differences in clinical and biological characteristics between the sorafenib and non-sorafenib groups. Of the 60 patients with AML harboring FLT3-ITD mutations, 33 received sorafenib starting from Induction I. After Induction I, complete morphologic remission with or without platelet recovery (CR/CRi) was achieved in 48.5% of patients in the sorafenib group and 59.3% in the non-sorafenib group (P = .405). However, the CR rate was significantly higher in the for the patients in the LDC group compared to the ones treated with SDC (73.3% vs. 33.3%, P = .002), regardless of sorafenib administration. The median time to neutrophil count recovery was 24 days for patients receiving sorafenib compared to 19.5 days for those not receiving sorafenib after Induction I (P = .0482). The median time to platelet count recovery was 16 days for the sorafenib group and 17.5 days for the non-sorafenib group (P = .0938). Sorafenib did not improve OS or EFS). Patients in the sorafenib group had a 3-year OS of 84.5% ± 5.8% compared to 69.9% ± 11.6% in the non-sorafenib group (P = .336) and a 3-year EFS of 53.1% ± 8.2% versus 54.0% ± 11.4% (P = .862). Eighty-five percent of patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) during their first complete remission (CR1), which significantly improved OS and EFS in patients with FLT3-ITD AML (P = .000). The combination of sorafenib with LDC significantly improved 3-year EFS compared to SDC (66.9% vs. 40.0%, P = .030). In multivariate analysis, sorafenib was not associated with improved outcomes in FLT3-ITD-positive pediatric AML. Conclusion: Patients with FLT3-ITD-positive AML treated with LDC with and without sorafenib achieved favorable remission. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) during first complete remission (CR1) significantly improved overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS). However, sorafenib did not show a significant improvement in prognosis for pediatric patients with FLT3-ITD positive AML in this study, indicating that further randomized controlled trials may be needed to confirm its efficacy.

Study on Phase Evolution of Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) During Solidification of Cr(VI) under Hydrothermal Conditions

In this paper, calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) was synthesized by hydrothermal method using CaO and quartz sand as raw materials. The solidification effect of Cr(Ⅵ) in C-S-H was studied using XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The leaching amount of Cr(Ⅵ) after solidification was determined by anatomic absorption spectrometer to analyze and calculate the solidification rate of Cr(Ⅵ). Results show that appropriately increasing the reaction temperature and prolonging the reaction time can help improve the crystallinity of C-S-H. A small Cr(Ⅵ) dosage of Cr/Si &lt; 0.05 is beneficial for the crystallization of C-S-H, but when Cr/Si &gt; 1.0, Cr(Ⅵ) ions inhibit the formation of C-S-H. When Cr/Si &lt;0.15, the solidification efficiency of C-S-H on Cr(Ⅵ) decreases with increasing Cr(Ⅵ) content; The C-S-H with Ca/Si = 1 has the best solidification efficiency for Cr(Ⅵ).

Research on chromium removal mechanism by electrochemical method from wastewater

Cr (VI), a heavy metal ion in electroplating wastewater, poses a significant environmental challenge due to its high toxicity and recalcitrance to degradation. This paper used copper plates, stainless steel, foam carbon, and carbon paper as electrodes to research the chromium removal mechanism from electroplating wastewater by a fast electrochemical method. The effect of the electrode materials and reaction conditions on removing Cr (VI) from wastewater was investigated. The analysis of the Cr (VI) removal rate during electrolysis revealed that the optimal electrode materials used the copper plate as the cathode and foam carbon as an anode. The optimal reaction conditions were determined: the electrolysis time is 30 min, the plate spacing is 2.0 cm, the operating voltage is 1.8 V, and the reaction temperature is 50 °C, achieving a maximum Cr (VI) recovery of 91.30 %. The proposed optimization of stirring instead of heating was found to be feasible. At 300 r/min, the energy consumption can be significantly reduced, and the removal rate of Cr (VI) can reach 87.82 %. The intrinsic mechanism behind the removal of Cr (VI) was studied by calculating the adsorption performance of the two electrodes on Cr (VI) and Cr (III) using the density functional theory (DFT), providing an in-depth understanding of the action mechanism and industry applications.

Fabrication of Hierarchically Porous “Fish Cage”‐like Carbonaceous Nanomaterials via Soft Template‐assisted Strategy for Cr Removal: Accelerated Stepped Adsorption and Enhanced Coordination Effect

AbstractThe negative impact of heavy metal pollution, specifically chromium (VI), on human health is well‐documented. To solve this issue, hollow anisotropic hierarchically porous “Fish Cage”‐like carbonaceous nanomaterial (N,S‐HFC‐180) with multi‐active groups is synthesized. Hierarchically porous structure provides stepped adsorption effect. The addition of K2C2O4 leads to an increase in the specific surface area of N,S‐HFC‐180 to 1914.21 m2 g−1 (an increase of ~552 times compared to HFC‐180). Thiourea introduces multi‐active groups that act as “Barbs” in “Fish Cage”, further reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and sequestrating Cr(III) by coordination effect. Subsequent batch studies suggest that N,S‐HFC‐180 exhibits a high removal capacity of 164.29 mg g−1 for Cr(VI) at pH=2. The kinetics and isotherm analyses display an outstanding maximum adsorption capacity of 393.88 mg g−1 at 298 K. In addition, even after seven cycles, the removal rate of Cr(VI) using N,S‐HFC‐180 remains&gt;85.00 %, and it effectively reduces the concentration of electroplating wastewater from 55.82 to 0.14 mg L−1. Pore filling, chemical reduction and chelation, hydrogen bond and electrostatic attraction are the primary adsorption drivers. The results suggest that, the recoverable N,S‐HFC‐180 highlights its viability for practical applications in wastewater treatment processes.

Treatment of steroid-refractory acute/chronic graft versus host disease: A single-center real-world experience of ruxolitinib in combination with extracorporeal photopheresis in a high-risk population

Steroid-refractory acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (SR-a/cGvHD) represents a potential life-threatening complication following allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (allo-SCT). The JAK1/2-inhibitor ruxolitinib and the extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) have been shown to significantly improve the overall response rate (ORR) in this setting. However, about 30–40 % of high-risk patients do not respond to monotherapy and/or experience side effects. Considering the potential synergic mechanism of action of ruxolitinib and ECP and the good safety profile, we decided to investigate the role of a treatment strategy of ruxolitinib in combination with ECP in frail patients with high-risk SR-a/cGvHD. We conducted a retrospective single-center study comprising 47 patients who underwent allo-SCT from November 2018 to October 2023 and received treatment for SR-aGvHD (n=20) or SR-cGvHD (n=27) with ruxolitinib and ECP. In the SR-aGvHD group, 95 % of patients had a lower GI-tract involvement, with 80 % presenting with a grade III-IV SR-aGvHD. The ORR at day +28 was 65 %, with a 30 % CR rate. The 1-year overall survival (OS) for responders (PR and CR) was 33 % (95 % CI, 10 %-59 %). In the SR-cGvHD group, 55.6 % and 44.4 % had moderate and severe SR-cGvHD, respectively. The majority of patients (66.7 %) had a GI-involvement. The ORR at week 24 was 88 %, including 12 % CR and 76 % PR. The 1-year OS for responders was 76 % (95 % CI, 47 %-90 %). Our retrospective analysis shows that the treatment of ruxolitinib in combination with ECP has potential efficacy in patients with SR-a/cGvHD with a high-risk for transplantation-associated mortality.

Construction of magnetically separable S-scheme BiFeO3/Cl-g-C3N4 heterostructure photocatalyst for simultaneous removal of Cr(Ⅵ) and tetracycline in aqueous solution: Performance and mechanism insight

A green, efficient and recyclable magnetic BiFeO3/Cl-g-C3N4 photocatalyst was prepared for the simultaneous removal of Cr(Ⅵ) and tetracycline (TC) from water by wet chemical and thermal synthesis methods. Experimental results revealed that BiFeO3/Cl-g-C3N4 achieved a removal efficiency of 96.1 % for Cr(Ⅵ) and 98.2 % for TC under visible light irradiation for 50 min at pH 6. The results of the work function, charge density difference, UV–vis DRS, PL, PC and EIS tests indicate the formation of S-scheme heterojunctions between BiFeO3 and Cl-g-C3N4, which exhibits superior carrier separation and migration efficiency. The evidence for interfacial charge transfer from BiFeO3 to Cl-g-C3N4 within BiFeO3/Cl-g-C3N4 was further corroborated by means of ISIXPS, EPR and KPFM. Moreover, calculations of the density of states demonstrate that the introduction of Cl enhances the reduction capability of BiFeO3/Cl-g-C3N4. Results from ESR tests and trapping experiments has demonstrated that the singlet oxygen (1O2) and electrons are the primary active species. Furthermore, the high removal rates of TC and Cr(VI) from industrial wastewater and groundwater, coupled with the lower ecotoxicity of TC degradation intermediates, indicate that BiFeO3/Cl-g-C3N4 has the potential for practical applications. After five cycles, the BiFeO3/Cl-g-C3N4 still removed 90.5 % of TC and 96 % of Cr(Ⅵ).

Remediation of hexavalent chromium in water and soil by pristine and chemically modified pine barks: Effects and mechanisms

Chemical modification can greatly improve the adsorption performance of materials. In this study, pristine pine bark (PB) was modified by phosphoric acid (PA-PB), dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB-PB) and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB-PB) to test their influence on remediating hexavalent chromium [Cr(Ⅵ)] contamination in water and soil systems. Under the optimal experimental conditions in solution, the reduction/adsorption capacities and removal rates of Cr(Ⅵ) follow the order of CTAB-PB > PA-PB > DTAB-PB > PB, with CTAB-PB showing the highest capacity of 88.1 mg g−1. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that adsorption coupled with reduction were the responsible mechanisms for Cr(Ⅵ) removal by pristine and modified PB, and modification with CTAB greatly improved Cr(Ⅵ) removal, especially the reduction of Cr(Ⅵ). When CTAB-PB and PB were applied in soil for a 30-day microcosm experiment, more than 93 % of Cr(Ⅵ) was converted into Cr(Ⅲ) at four different addition levels (2, 5, 10, and 15 wt%) with CTAB-PB exhibiting a faster immobilization rate than PB. In conclusion, CTAB-PB showed better performance than PB and is a promising material for the remediation of Cr(Ⅵ) contamination in water and soil.

SbSeI for high-efficient photocatalytic degradation of multiple pollutants

Photocatalytic degradation is an effective technology for degrading water pollution that plays a significant role in environmental remediation. Ternary 2D ternary V-VI-VIIA semiconductors are ideal candidates for photocatalytic degradation of pollutants due to effective light absorption and high charge carrier mobility. In this work, high-quality SbSeI crystals were prepared using the chemical vapor transport (CVT) method and their photocatalytic degradation performance for multiple pollutants was studied. SbSeI exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance in the degradation of potassium dichromate (Cr (VI)), rhodamine B (RhB), tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) and methyl orange (MO). More than 98% of Cr (VI) and RhB can be removed after irradiation with an Xe lamp for 10 min and 40 min, respectively. The capture experiments and electron spin resonance results indicated that ·O2− plays a major role in reducing Cr (VI), while h+ plays a primary role in the degradation of MO, RhB and TC-HCl. Interestingly, the degradation rate of Cr (VI) is 1.3 times higher than that of a single pollutant system, and the degradation rate of RhB is 1.6 times higher, due to the enhanced separation and utilization of holes and electrons. The results demonstrate that SbSeI is a potential photocatalytic degradation material.

Efficient removal of Cr(VI) by chitosan cross-linked bentonite loaded nano-zero-valent iron composite: Performance and mechanism

A nano-zero-valent iron loaded with 2-aminoterephthalic acid cross-linked chitosan/bentonite (2ACB@nZVI) was developed to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solution through adsorption-reduction. It was characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, BET, SEM, EDS, electrochemistry and XPS. This analysis showed that chitosan cross-linked bentonite not only enhanced the adsorption effect of chitosan and its chemical stability, but also provided a good carrier for loading nZVI and effectively improves its reaction activity. The optimal mass ratios of chitosan: bentonite and 2ACB:nZVI for synthesizing the 2ACB@nZVI composite were 3:1 and 1:4, respectively. The pH value had a great influence on the removal rate of Cr(VI), and its optimal value was 2.0. This is because nZVI was more susceptible to corrosion under acidic conditions, and a large amount of Fe(II) was leached to reduce the adsorbed Cr(VI) on the surface of 2ACB@nZVI. The Cr(VI) removal by 2ACB@nZVI constituted a spontaneous endothermic reaction, aligning with both the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, with a maximum adsorption capacity reached 406.36 mg g−1 at 318 K. 2ACB@nZVI had a strong tolerance to co-existing ions, and the removal rate remained about 80 % after aging for 30 days or six cycles. The main mechanisms included electrostatic adsorption, complexation, reduction, and coprecipitation. Reduction contributed 86.67 % to the removal of Cr(VI), and Fe(II) was the key to Cr(VI) reduction. This study provided a new idea for the efficient treatment of Cr(VI) wastewater.

Impact of immune-related adverse events on survival among patients with head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Aim: Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized treatment of metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Our goal was to assess for an association between immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and clinical outcomes for patients on ICIs.Methods: We analyzed a cohort of 110 HNSCC patients who received ICI therapy at the University of Virginia.Results: On review, 48% of our patients experienced an irAE with the most common events being hypothyroidism (30%), dermatitis (14%) and hepatitis (11%). Women were more likely to experience irAEs. Treatment interruption/discontinuation occurred in 43% patients with irAEs. Development of irAEs was associated with superior objective response rate (68 vs. 39%, p=0.009), with a greater rate of CR (17 vs. 5%) and PR (32vs. 16%). Twelve patients underwent ICI re-treatment following irAE, with 17% attaining a complete disease response, 25% attaining a partial response, 33% achieving stable disease and 25% experiencing disease progression with ICI resumption.Conclusion: Development of irAE was associated with superior objective response rate, with a greater rate of CR and PR. ICI re-treatment following irAE was feasible in a significant proportion of patients and can be attempted in carefully selected patients, given the dearth of second-line therapies for these patients.

Survival and prognostic factors for relapsed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia after treatment with the Chinese children's cancer group ALL-2015 protocol: a single center results.

This retrospective study was conducted to assess the survival rates and prognostic factors in children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who were treated according to the Chinese Children's Cancer Group ALL-2015 protocol at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. The study cohort involving 852 evaluable children with ALL reported a total of 146 relapses during a median follow-up period of 53 months. The primary outcomes measured were the second complete remission (CR2) rates, and 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients who received re-treatment post-relapse. Patient data were stratified by ALL subtype (B-ALL vs. T-ALL), age at relapse, site of relapse, and timing of relapse. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors significantly associated with EFS and OS. As of March 31, 2023, 146 relapses were observed, including 128 B-ALL and 18 T-ALL cases. The 8-year CIR was (19.8 ± 1.6)%, with no significant difference between B-ALL and T-ALL (P=0.271). Among the 105 patients who underwent re-treatment, 70 achieved CR2, resulting in a CR2 rate of 67.6%. The 5-year EFS and OS rates for re-treated patients were (45.0 ± 5.4)% and (56.9 ± 5.2)%, respectively. Significant differences in 5-year OS and EFS were found between B-ALL and T-ALL relapses (P < 0.001). The 5-year EFS and OS varied significantly with relapse timing and site of relapse. Factors significantly affecting EFS after relapse included the site of relapse, immunophenotyping, CR2 achievement, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Immunophenotyping, CR2 achievement, and HSCT were also identified as significant factors affecting OS after relapse. Despite treatment with the CCCG-ALL-2015 protocol, a significant relapse rate was observed, with 72% of children opting for re-treatment post-relapse. The study highlights the importance of considering specific prognostic factors to inform tailored treatment strategies for relapsed childhood ALL. The findings emphasize the need for further research into improving therapeutic approaches for this patient population. This retrospective study was conducted to assess the survival rates and prognostic factors in children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who were treated according to the Chinese Children's Cancer Group ALL-2015 protocol at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.