Cervical Cancer Screening Rates Research Articles

Sexual Orientation and Cervical Cancer Screening Among Cisgender Women

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations face barriers accessing health care in Chicago, Illinois. To describe the prevalence of up-to-date cervical cancer screening among lesbian, gay, and bisexual vs heterosexual cisgender women in Chicago. This retrospective, cross-sectional, population-based study of cisgender women residing in Chicago was completed from 2020 to 2022 using data from the Healthy Chicago Survey, which is conducted annually by the Chicago Department of Public Health. Participants included cisgender women aged 25 to 64 years with no history of hysterectomy. Respondents who self-identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual or other than straight, lesbian, or bisexual were coded as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB). Respondents who self-identified as straight were coded as heterosexual. Those who reported having a Papanicolaou test within the past 3 years were considered up-to-date with cervical cancer screening. Data analysis was performed from June to October 2023. The primary exposure was sexual orientation. Covariates included age, income level, race, ethnicity, having a primary care practitioner (PCP), and insurance coverage. Prevalence ratios (PRs), log-based regression models, and interaction analysis were used to describe the association of sexual orientation with up-to-date screening. The sample included 5167 cisgender women (447 LGB and 4720 heterosexual), aged 25 to 64 years, with no history of hysterectomy. Among LGB cisgender women, 318 (71.14%) reported previous cervical cancer screening compared with 3632 (76.95%) heterosexual cisgender women. The prevalence of up-to-date screening was 10% lower in the LGB group compared with the heterosexual group (PR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-1.00). In regression analysis, having a PCP (PR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.29-1.59) was associated with up-to-date screening. In interaction analysis, LGB cisgender women with a PCP were 93% more likely to be up-to-date compared with those without a PCP (PR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.37-2.72). In this cross-sectional study of cervical cancer screening rates between the heterosexual and LGB populations in Chicago, up-to-date cervical cancer screening was associated with having a PCP, regardless of sexual orientation, but this association was greater for LGB individuals. Although LGB populations were less likely to be screened, this disparity may be reduced with more consistent health care access and established care with PCPs.

Exploring Disparities in Cancer Screening Among Women With Disabilities [ID 2683490

INTRODUCTION: Unequal access to health care for individuals with disabilities is an increasingly relevant disparity. Further, accessibility to cancer screening remains inadequate. Steele et al. (2017) reported a lower prevalence of women with disabilities undergoing screening for cancer versus women overall in the 2013 National Health Interview Study. The purpose of this study is to compare screening rates for breast, cervical, and colon cancer among female patients with and without disabilities within our health network. METHODS: The study is a retrospective review of patient charts between January 1, 2015 and January 1, 2020. Sample size calculations yielded need for 450 charts to achieve adequate power to detect a 10% reduction in each of the three screening rate analyses. Sample was drawn from electonic medical records and identified female patients ages 21–75 receiving gynecologic care at an eastern Pennsylvania health network. ICD-10-CM codes for disabilities identified patients with cognitive, mobility, speech, or hearing impairments. Statistical analyses included chi-squared goodness-of-fit tests. RESULTS: Cancer screening rates were significantly lower in the sample population. For cervical cancer, patients with disabilities had a 43.3% screening rate versus 66.0% in the general population. For breast cancer, the sample screened at 67.6% versus the general population at 75.0%. For colorectal cancer screening, the sample was at 54.8%, whereas the general population had a 66.0% screening rate (P<.001). CONCLUSION: Understanding the mechanisms behind lower preventive care rates can help to improve health outcomes for this patient population. The future goal is to offer solutions to address disparities in cancer screening.

Factors Associated With Adherence of Cervical Cancer Screening in Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

The objective is to determine cervical cancer screening rates and factors associated with decreased cervical cancer screening in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We conducted a cross-sectional study that enrolled consecutive women (age 21-64 years) with SLE. We collected demographics, clinical characteristics, constructs of the Health Beliefs Model (HBM) (ie, susceptibility, severity, barriers, benefits, cues to action, and self-efficacy), and self-reported cervical cancer screening (confirmed with the electronic medical record). The primary outcome was adherence to cervical cancer screening according to current guidelines. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between SLE disease activity and cervical cancer screening and explore mediation effects from HBM constructs. We enrolled 130 women with SLE. The median age was 42 years (interquartile range 32-52 years). The cervical cancer screening adherence rate was 61.5%. Women with high SLE disease activity were less likely to have cervical cancer screening versus those with low disease activity (odds ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39-0.89; P = 0.01), which remained statistically significant after adjusting for baseline demographics and drug therapy in a multivariable model (odds ratio 0.25, 95% CI 0.08-0.79; P = 0.02). Regarding the HBM constructs, increased perceived barriers to cervical cancer screening (r = -0.30, P < 0.01) and decreased self-efficacy (r = -0.21, P = 0.02) correlated with decreased cervical cancer screening. Patients with SLE with high disease activity undergo cervical cancer screening less frequently than those with low disease activity. Perceived barriers to cervical cancer screening are moderately correlated with decreased screening. These data highlight the need to develop strategies to increase cervical cancer screening in this high-risk patient population.

Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy and Cervical Cancer Screening Rates in Transgender Men and Nonbinary People: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Boston Community Health Center.

Purpose: Clinical monitoring for patients receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) has the potential to facilitate their receipt of preventive health services. We aimed to determine whether GAHT is associated with increased utilization of cervical cancer screening among transgender men (TM) and nonbinary persons assigned female at birth (NB-AFAB). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study of a single community health center in Boston. Persons of all gender identities eligible for cervical cancer screening during 2008-2019 were assessed. The outcome of interest was receipt of cervical cancer screening based on U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations. We compared the proportion of persons who received cervical cancer screening by prescription of GAHT. Results: We identified 13,267 eligible persons. This cohort included 10,547 (79.5%) cisgender women, 1547 (11.7%) TM, and 1173 (8.8%) NB-AFAB persons. Among all persons eligible for cervical cancer screening, TM and NB-AFAB persons were less likely to receive screening than cisgender women (56.2% and 56.1% vs. 60.5% respectively; odds ratio [OR] = 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.75-0.93; OR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.74-0.94, respectively). Among TM, those prescribed testosterone were more likely to receive cervical cancer screening than those not prescribed testosterone (57.9% vs. 48.2%, OR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.14-1.92). Among NB-AFAB adults, those prescribed testosterone were more likely to receive cervical cancer screening than those not prescribed testosterone (61.9% vs. 51.5%, OR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.21-1.93). Conclusions: The benefits of engagement in care to access GAHT may extend beyond the hormonal intervention to preventive health services.

Do self-collected HPV tests improve rates of cervical cancer screening?

Do self-collected HPV tests improve rates of cervical cancer screening?

Cervical cancer in Thailand: 2023 update.

Cervical cancer continues to pose a challenge to the health of Thai women, as the second most common cancer after breast cancer. Since high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) type is the main cause for cervical cancer, cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination is necessary to reduce the incidence of this disease. At present, the World Health Organization hopes to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer to 4 or less cases per 100,000 women per year using 90-70-90% intervention by 2030. The first intervention involves vaccinating 90% of women aged 15 years with the HPV vaccine. The second intervention involves screening 70% of women between the ages of 35 and 45 years using a high-performance screening test. The third intervention involves detecting cervical lesions in 90% of affected women to enable diagnosis and treatment. In this context, this study reviews trends in the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer in Thailand, in addition to providing an up to date overview of the causes and necessary risk factors for cervical cancer, as well as reporting on cervical screening and HPV vaccination rates and cervical cancer during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study may prove useful for the formulation of policy aimed at eliminating cervical cancer in Thailand, such as the implementation of a free HPV vaccine service (recommended for women aged 26 or below) and providing at-home kits for cervical cancer screening through clinics and pharmacies. In addition, this review also highlights the need for further research on the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on cervical cancer screening rates in Thailand.

Abstract 2143: Association between health insurance coverage and stage of diagnosis for cervical cancer among women in Indiana from 2011-2019

Abstract Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women and it is caused by infection from the human papillomavirus (HPV). The incidence rates of cervical cancer have increased in Indiana from 7.8 in 2008-2012 to 8.4 in 2013-2017. In 2020, the screening rate for cervical cancer among women in Indiana was 76% when compared to a national average of 78%. Women diagnosed at earlier stages for cervical cancer had higher relative survival of 0.98 than those diagnosed at later stages with a relative survival of 0.43. Health insurance status is an important determinant for health outcomes for patients with cancer. This study aims to assess the extent to which health insurance coverage is a contributing factor to the stage of cervical cancer diagnosis. Methods: We examined reported cases of cervical cancer among women (N=2518) using cervical cancer registry data from the Indiana State Department of Health from 2011-2019. Using multinomial logistic regression model, we examined the associations of both race/ethnicity and insurance status with stage of diagnosis after adjusting for age at diagnosis. Results: In this sample, the average age at diagnosis was 48.98 years (SD = 14.98). The largest proportion of the sample was between 45 to 64 years of age (41.7%), Non-Hispanic White (85.5%), had private insurance coverage (41.8%), had cervix uteri, NOS as the primary site of diagnosis (76.5%), lived in a metropolitan area (74.5%) and had squamous cell carcinoma (73.4%). The largest percentage of Non-Hispanic White patients had private insurance (50.9%), whereas the largest percentage of Black patients had Medicaid (39.3%). 20.2% of Hispanic patients were uninsured when compared to 7.7% Non-Hispanic White and 3.6% Black patients. The multivariate analysis shows that women who are uninsured (OR = 2.475) and those who have Medicaid (OR = 2.321) were significantly more likely to be diagnosed at the regional stage than the in-situ stage compared to women with private insurance. Additionally, women who are uninsured (OR = 4.432) and those who have Medicaid (OR = 3.007) were significantly more likely to be diagnosed at the distant stage than in-situ, compared to women with private insurance. Conclusion: The findings show that insurance status is associated with the stage of diagnosis for cervical cancer and detection at regional or distant stages often leads to higher morbidity. Impact - Increased coverage for routine cervical cancer screening and preventive care services is recommended, especially for uninsured women and women with public insurance such as Medicaid or Medicare. Citation Format: Mrithula Suresh Babu, Monica L. Kasting, Natalia M. Rodriguez. Association between health insurance coverage and stage of diagnosis for cervical cancer among women in Indiana from 2011-2019 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2143.

Exploratory Analysis of Concordance Between Clinician-Collected and Self-Sampled Human Papillomavirus Tests in a Small Cohort of Average- and High-Risk Patients.

Cervical cancer screening rates have stagnated, but self-sampling modalities have the potential to increase uptake. This study compares the test characteristics of self-sampled high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) tests with clinician-collected hrHPV tests in average-risk (i.e., undergoing routine screening) and high-risk patients (i.e., receiving follow-up after abnormal screening results). In this cross-sectional study, a relatively small cohort of average-risk (n = 35) and high-risk (n = 12) participants completed both clinician-collected and self-sampled hrHPV testing, along with a brief phone survey. We assessed hrHPV positivity, concordance, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity, and specificity across both methods (for types 16, 18, or other hrHPV). We also explored the relationship between test concordance and sociodemographic/behavioral factors. Among average-risk participants, hrHPV positivity was 6% for both test methods (i.e., hrHPV-positive cases: n = 2), resulting in reported concordance, PPV, NPV, sensitivity, and specificity of 100%. Among high-risk participants, hrHPV positivity was 100% for clinician-collected tests but only 67% for self-sampled tests, showing varied concordance and sensitivity. Concordance was not associated with sociodemographic or behavioral factors. Self-sampled hrHPV testing demonstrated high accuracy for average-risk patients in this exploratory study. However, its performance was less consistent in high-risk patients who had already received an abnormal screening result, which could be attributed to spontaneous viral clearance over time. The limited number of participants, particularly HPV-positive cases, suggests caution in interpreting these results. Further research with larger cohorts is necessary to validate these findings and to explore the integration of self-sampled hrHPV testing into routine clinical care, particularly for patients with a history of cervical abnormalities. NCT04591977, NCT04585243.

Examining cancer screening disparities by race/ethnicity and insurance groups: A comparison of 2008 and 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data in the United States.

Pervasive differences in cancer screening among race/ethnicity and insurance groups presents a challenge to achieving equitable healthcare access and health outcomes. However, the change in the magnitude of cancer screening disparities over time has not been thoroughly examined using recent public health survey data. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the 2008 and 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) database focused on breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening rates among race/ethnicity and insurance groups. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between cancer screening rates, race/ethnicity, and insurance coverage, and to quantify the changes in disparities in 2008 and 2018, adjusting for potential confounders. Colorectal cancer screening rates increased for all groups, but cervical and mammogram rates remained stagnant for specific groups. Non-Hispanic Asians continued to report consistently lower odds of receiving cervical tests (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.32-0.55, p<0.001) and colorectal cancer screening (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.42-0.72, p<0.001) compared to non-Hispanic Whites in 2018, despite significant improvements since 2008. Non-Hispanic Blacks continued to report higher odds of recent cervical cancer screening (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.47-2.68, p<0.001) and mammograms (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.02-1.71, p<0.05) than non-Hispanic Whites in 2018, consistent with higher odds observed in 2008. Hispanic individuals reported improved colorectal cancer screening over time, with no significant difference compared to non-Hispanics Whites in 2018, despite reporting lower odds in 2008. The uninsured status was associated with significantly lower odds of cancer screening than private insurance for all three cancers in 2008 and 2018. Despite an overall increase in breast and colorectal cancer screening rates between 2008 and 2018, persistent racial/ethnic and insurance disparities exist among race/ethnicity and insurance groups. These findings highlight the importance of addressing underlying factors contributing to disparities among underserved populations and developing corresponding interventions.

Analysis of the current state of cervical cancer prevention awareness and its influencing factors among rural women in Luohe City.

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify the current awareness about cervical cancer prevention among rural women in Luohe City as well as its potential influencing factors. Meanwhile, these data were expected to provide a theoretical basis for Luohe future cervical cancer prevention and therapy. Based on geographical distribution, 40 villages in Luohe City were randomly selected, and questionnaires were given to women in each village. In this study, a total of 4665 questionnaires were distributed, and 4561 valid questionnaires were returned, with a recovery rate of 97.98%. The average score was 4.06 ± 2.46 out of 10. It was found that women had a high awareness rate of cervical cancer screening (55.25%) but a low awareness rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccine (10.17%). Moreover, univariate and multivariable analyses showed that age > 45 years, low household income, low education level, being a farmer, spouse unemployment, no pregnancy or birth delivery history, no family or personal history of cervical disease, and no previous complimentary 2-cancer screening (i.e., breast cancer and cervical cancer) were all factors influencing the cognitive level of rural women in Luohe City (P < .05). However, ethnicity, marital status, and spouse education level were not correlated with cognitive level (P > .05). In conclusion, low awareness of cervical cancer prevention among rural women in Luohe was correlated with individual, family, and social factors. So it was recommended to cultivate the rural population knowledge, optimize screening strategies, and conduct targeted cervical cancer prevention and treatment in rural regions.

Rates of Compliance in South Indian American Communities of Southern California Regarding Cancer Screening.

Studies have shown lower rates of cancer screening and high mortality rates among all Asian Americans than among non-Hispanic White populations. However, most of these studies often confound diverse Asian American subgroups with limited data on cancer screening for Indian Americans, with this group being particularly interesting because of their counterintuitive socioeconomic status. For this reason, the objective of this study is to evaluate knowledge of the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) cancer screening guidelines and compliance among South Indian Americans residing in Southern California. This was a cross-sectional study gathering community responses through an electronic survey. The survey reports knowledge of USPSTF screening guidelines and participant compliance rates. Rates were further compared to non-Hispanic White populations from official sources. South Indian Americans residing in California had lower rates of compliance for colorectal, lung, and breast cancer screening when compared to that of non-Hispanic White populations in the same region, with the exception of cervical cancer screening rates. Understanding the cultural characteristics of special populations, such as Indian Americans, can help communities adhere to more effective screening practices that can improve outcomes.

Assessing the relationship between coverage of essential health services and poverty levels in low- and middle-income countries.

Universal health coverage (UHC) aims to provide essential health services and financial protection to all. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the service coverage aspect of universal health coverage and poverty in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Using country-level data from 96 LMICs from 1990 to 2017, we employed fixed-effects and random-effects regressions to investigate the association of eight service coverage indicators (inpatient admissions; antenatal care; skilled birth attendance; full immunization; cervical and breast cancer screening rates; diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection treatment rates) with poverty headcount ratios and gaps at the $1.90, $3.20 and $5.50 poverty lines. Missing data were imputed using within-country linear interpolation or extrapolation. One-unit increases in seven service indicators (breast cancer screening being the only one with no significant associations) were associated with reduced poverty headcounts by 2.54, 2.46 and 1.81 percentage points at the $1.90, $3.20 and $5.50 lines, respectively. The corresponding reductions in poverty gaps were 0.99 ($1.90), 1.83 ($3.20) and 1.89 ($5.50) percentage points. Apart from cervical cancer screening, which was only significant in one poverty headcount model ($5.50 line), all other service indicators were significant in either the poverty headcount or gap models at both $1.90 and $3.20 poverty lines. In LMICs, higher service coverage rates are associated with lower incidence and intensity of poverty. Further research is warranted to identify the causal pathways and specific circumstances in which improved health services in LMICs might help to reduce poverty.

CERVICAL CANCER AWARENESS, SCREENING AND VACCINATION AMONG FEMALE NURSING STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF GHANA

Background: Cervical cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries despite been largely preventable. Late detection as a result of lack of awareness and access to care including non-availability of comprehensive care centres, lack of mass screening programs compounded by financial constraints, continue to keep the numbers high. This study looked at the level of awareness and practices of female nursing students of University of Ghana on cervical cancer, screening and vaccination. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 258 female nursing students of University of Ghana using self-administered questionnaire via Google forms. Besides sociodemographic data, general and specific knowledge on cervical cancer as well as screening and vaccination uptake data was collected. Results analysed with SPSS version 26. Means and standard deviations were used for continuous data and chi square for categorical data. A p-value of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The knowledge level was fair among 73.6% of the respondents. The prevalence rate of cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination was 19.0% and 6.2% respectively. Common reasons given for non-screening and non-vaccination were limited information on cervical cancer including unawareness of vaccine, not been sexually active and high cost of vaccine. There was significant association between screening uptake and vaccination uptake, though no association between knowledge and both screening and vaccination uptake. Conclusion: The knowledge level on cervical cancer was fair among female nursing students, however the prevalence of screening and vaccination were very low.

Integrating HPV self-collect into primary care to address cervical cancer screening disparities

Human papillomavirus (HPV) self-collect shows promise to increase cervical cancer screening rates in underscreened populations, such as Somali patients, but little is known about how to integrate such an approach in primary care. In this study, primary care providers and staff who provide primary care services to Somali women were asked for their views on integrating HPV self-collect into routine care to address cervical cancer screening disparities. Thirty primary care providers and staff participated in semi-structured interviews exploring their views on HPV self-collect and their anticipated needs or barriers to implementing this approach into the clinic generally and with specific patient populations, such as Somali women. A thematic analysis using the constructivist version of grounded theory was undertaken. Providers and staff anticipate positive patient reaction to the option of HPV self-collect, and were interested in using this approach both for Somali patients and for all patients in general. HPV self-collect was viewed as straightforward to integrate into existing clinic workflows. Providers largely lacked awareness of the evidence supporting primary HPV testing and HPV self-collect specifically, sharing concerns about effectiveness of self-collect and the lack of a physical exam. Providers felt clinic-wide staff education and patient education, along with strategies to address disparities, such as cultural and linguistic tailoring would be needed for successful implementation. Integrating HPV self-collect as an option in the cervical cancer screening process in a primary care clinical encounter offers considerable opportunity to address health disparities and may benefit all patients.

Effectiveness of a culturally tailored text messaging program for promoting cervical cancer screening in accra, Ghana: a quasi-experimental trial

IntroductionDespite breakthroughs in cervical cancer detection, resource-constrained countries continue to have a disproportionately high incidence and death rate. Mhealth has been identified as an important tool for increasing cervical cancer screening rates in Sub-Saharan Africa. We determined whether sending Ghanaian women culturally tailored one-way mobile phone SMS text messages about cervical cancer would encourage the uptake of the human papillomavirus (HPV) test.MethodsFrom August to November 2016, 88 women aged 18 to 39 living or working in an urban community (Accra, Ghana) participated in a quasi-experimental study. For 8 weeks, 32 SMS messages regarding cervical cancer were developed and sent to the personal phones of intervention arm participants (n = 42). Women in the control group (n = 46) received SMS texts with general health and lifestyle advice. Fischer’s exact tests were performed to assess cervical cancer screening uptake and associated reasons for non-uptake between the intervention and control groups (p < 0.05).ResultsAt the baseline, women differed in terms of ethnicity and wealth. After the intervention, participants’ self-reported risk factors for cervical cancer, such as early menarche, usual source of medical treatment, family history of cancer, smoking, and alcohol history, changed. None of the women in the intervention group sought cervical cancer screening after the intervention, but only one (2.2%) of the control arm participants did. Almost all the women (> 95%) agreed that an HPV test was essential and that regular healthcare check-ups could help prevent cervical cancer. Some women believed that avoiding particular foods could help prevent cervical cancer (23.8% intervention vs. 58.7% control, p < 0.001). Time constraints and out-of-pocket expenses were significant barriers to cervical cancer screening. Conclusion: A one-way SMS delivered to urban women did not increase cervical cancer screening attendance. The time spent in screening facilities and the lack of coverage by the National Health Insurance Scheme limited screening uptake. We urge for the establishment of screening centers in all healthcare facilities, as well as the inclusion of cervical cancer screening in healthcare programs through cost-sharing.

Utilization of cervical cancer screening and determinant factors among female nurses in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

BackgroundCervical cancer is one of the top cause of death among childbearing women globally and public health issue for underdeveloped nations.It is the world's second most prevalent cancer among women. In 2018, 311,000 women died due to cervical cancer.Approximately 80 % of these deaths occurred in developing countries.However, there has been insufficient research on cervical cancer screening utilisation among Ethiopian nurses, despite the fact that nurses promote women's health and play a key role in cervical cancer education. As a result, evaluating utilization of cervical cancer screening among nurses is critical for program effectiveness. ObjectiveTo assess the magnitude of utilization of cervical cancer screening and determinant factors among female Nurses in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. MethodologyAn institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed from October 1 to November 30, 2022. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data was entered into Epi data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 22 for data management and analysis. Bivariate and multi-variable logistic regressions were employed to identify the predictor variables. Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05 with adjusted odds ratio calculated at 95 % CI. ResultThe magnitude of utilization of cervical cancer screening among nurses working in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa was 18.5 % (95 % CI: 14.2, 23.1). Having work experience > 8 years (AOR = 16.78; 95 % CI: 4.82, 58.44), history of STI (AOR = 53.72; 95 % CI: 14.18, 203.45) and having multiple sexual partners (AOR = 12.74; 95 % CI: 4.15, 39.11) were significantly associated with utilization of cervical cancer screening among female nurses. ConclusionThe overall cervical cancer screening rate among female nurses was low compared to the WHO strategy for cervical cancer elimination, which asks for 70 % of women worldwide to be checked for cervical illnesses regularly by 2030. According to the study findings, respondents' work experience, STI history, and having multiple sexual partners influenced their utilization of cervical cancer screening among nurses. To boost the utilization of screening services, female nurses should place a strong emphasis on maintaining screening awareness through education and knowledge sharing.Finally, we recommend future researchers to do comparative study design to draw any scientific and credible conclusions.

Primary Human Papillomavirus Test Uptake and Cervical Cancer Screening Trends in the Midwest, United States.

Despite U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and American Cancer Society endorsement of primary HPV screening, limited published data shows low uptake. Assess cervical cancer screening rates over time, particularly primary HPV test uptake, among patients in a midwestern practice. Evaluate associations between sociodemographics and screening adherence. Cross-sectional study. Qualifying subjects and type of screening test used were identified by applying ICD-9, ICD-10, lab test, and CPT codes to the Unified Data Platform. Sociodemographics were found through the electronic health record. Primary HPV uptake represented <1% of annual screening from 1/2017 to 1/2022. On 1/1/2022, only 55% of 21 to 29 year old and 63% of 30 to 65 year old were up to date with screening among the studied population. For 21 to 29 year old, compared with White women, Black women were 28% less likely to be screened [RR = 0.72 (0.66-0.79)]. Compared with never-smokers, current smokers were 9% less likely to be screened [RR = 0.91 (0.87-0.96)], past smokers were 14% more likely [RR = 1.14 (1.09-1.2)]. Among 30 to 65 year old, compared with White women, Black women were 14% less likely to be screened [RR = 0.86 (0.81-0.9)]. Compared with never-smokers, current smokers were 21% less likely to be screened [RR = 0.79 (0.77-0.81)], past smokers were 6% less likely [RR = 0.94 (0.92-0.95)]. Jointly considering race, ethnicity, smoking status, Charlson score, and rurality, findings were similar for 21 to 29 year old; Black women were screened less than White women [RR = 0.73 (0.67-0.79)]; current smokers [RR = 0.9 (0.85-0.94)] and past smokers [RR = 1.12 (1.06-1.17)] were screened less than never smokers. For 30 to 65 year old, Black women were screened less than White women [RR = 0.83 (0.79-0.88)]; current smokers [RR = 0.8 (0.78-0.81)] and past smokers [RR = 0.95 (0.93-0.96)] were screened less than never smokers. Screening rates remained below the Healthy People 2030 goal of 79.2% over time, particularly for younger Black women and current smokers, with minimal use of primary HPV screening.

Perception and Practice of Cervical Cancer Screening among Female Professionals Attending Gynaecology Clinic at A University Teaching Hospital

Background: By using the right screening tools and preventative measures, cervical cancer can be avoided. However, the underuse of preventative measures is caused by a lack of information and awareness. Professional women with sufficient knowledge can have a significant positive impact on the attitudes and behaviours of the broader public. So, we evaluated how professional women perceived and used cervical cancer screening. Objectives: To evaluate how female professionals who visit gynaecology clinics view and approach cervical cancer screening. Methods: A cohort of 160 consenting female professionals working at the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi, Nigeria, were used in this facility-based, single-center, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Participants filled up questionnaires about their knowledge assessment, screening for cervical cancer, and personal characteristics that influence them. Simple percentages, charts, and IBM SPSS Statistics 26 for Windows, version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) were used to portray and analyse the data. Results: The analysis employed a total of 160 questionnaires completed by research participants. All of the selected female professionals knew about cervical cancer screening, with nurses (49.3%) making up the majority. However, just 29.6% of them were aware that cervical cancer is connected to sexually transmitted diseases, and 33.2% were unaware that it is connected to age at first sexual activity. Only 93.2% of respondents had heard of Pap smears, despite the fact that every respondent had heard and read about cervical cancer and its screening. Despite the knowledge, only 44 (27.5%) had performed Pap tests and only 76(47.5%) had ever recommended cervical cancer screening to people. Of the women surveyed, 148 (92.5%) said they would be willing to have a cervical cancer screening, while 18 (11.25%) said they would decline. Conclusion: Despite more knowledge and awareness, the rate of cervical cancer screening among female professionals in Nnewi is still below average and insufficient. Cervical cancer can be avoided. Eliminating the morbidity and mortality frequently linked with cervical cancer would need deliberate efforts to increase screening methods' uptake and utilisation.

Effectiveness of catch-up and routine program of the 9-valent vaccine on cervical cancer risk reduction in Japan.

In 2013, the national human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization program began. However, in June 2013, Japan's Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) announced a "temporary" suspension of its recommendation for the human papillomavirus vaccine. Finally, in November 2021, the MHLW ended its suspension of the recommendation of the HPV vaccine. To address the 9-year gap in HPV vaccinations the suspension had caused, the MHLW conducted a program of catch-up vaccinations from April 2022 to March 2025. Finally, in April 2023, the 9-valent HPV vaccine was approved for both the routine and catch-up vaccination programs in Japan. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of the introduction of the 9-valent vaccine on the increased risk of cervical cancer in females born after fiscal year (FY) 2000. We estimated the lifetime relative risk of cervical cancer incidence and death using the improved routine and catch-up vaccination rates after the recent resumption of the governmental recommendation for women and girls to have the HPV vaccination. These relative risks were calculated using a lifetime risk of 1.000 for cervical cancer incidence and death for females born in FY 1993. We predicted that even if a 90% vaccination rate were to be achieved by FY 2024 with the 9-valent vaccine among women born between FY 2000 and FY 2005, the risk would remain higher than for the vaccination generation. Therefore, for women born between FY 2000 and FY 2005, it will be necessary to significantly improve the cervical cancer screening rate to compensate for this increased risk.

Age-specific differences in cervical cancer screening rates in women using mental health services in New South Wales, Australia.

Women living with mental health conditions have lower cervical cancer screening rates and higher mortality. More evidence is needed to target health system improvement efforts. We describe overall and age-specific cervical cancer screening rates in mental health service users in New South Wales. Cervical cancer screening registers were linked to New South Wales hospital and community mental health service data. Two-year cervical screening rates were calculated for New South Wales mental health service users aged 20-69 years (n = 114,022) and other New South Wales women (n = 2,110,127). Rate ratios were compared for strata of age, socio-economic disadvantage and rural location, and overall rates compared after direct standardisation. Only 40.3% of mental health service users participated in screening, compared with 54.3% of other New South Wales women (incidence rate ratio = 0.74, 95% confidence interval = [0.74, 0.75]). Differences in age, social disadvantage or rural location did not explain screening gaps. Screening rates were highest in mental health service users aged <35 years (incidence rate ratios between 0.90 and 0.95), but only 15% of mental health service users aged >65 years participated in screening (incidence rate ratio = 0.27, 95% confidence interval = [0.24, 0.29]). Women who use mental health services are less likely to participate in cervical cancer screening. Rates diverged from population rates in service users aged ⩾35 years and were very low for women aged >65 years. Intervention is needed to bridge these gaps. New screening approaches such as self-testing may assist.