Needlestick Injury Rate Research Articles

Occupational biological risk in healthcare workers

Biohazardous occupational accidents represent a significant challenge in the healthcare field due to the constant exposure of healthcare workers to pathogens. These accidents, which include needle sticks, cuts, splashes of body fluids, and contact with contaminated materials, can lead to serious infections, such as hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and HIV. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately two million healthcare workers experience sharps injuries annually, resulting in a significant risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens [1]. A study conducted in hospitals in Europe revealed that the prevalence rate of needlestick injuries ranges from 10% to 30% per year, with the highest rates in areas such as surgery and intensive care [2]. The high frequency of these incidents underscores the importance of implementing effective preventive strategies to protect these workers.

Needle Stick Injury Among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Setting in Dehradun, Sub-Himalayan Region: A Four-Year Record-Based Study.

Needlestick injuries (NSIs) represent a significant occupational health risk in healthcare settings. These injuries, caused by contaminated sharps such as needles, vials, and scalpel blades, can lead to percutaneous exposure to infectious materials. Despite the severity of NSIs, they often go unreported, highlighting a critical gap in occupational safety protocols. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of NSIs among healthcare workers (HCWs) by sex, profession, and working areas. It also sought to explore the underlying reasons for these injuries and the factors contributing to their underreporting. Adhering to the RECORD guidelines (Reporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely Collected Data), this record-based study involved a retrospective analysis of reported NSIs. Data were collected from voluntary reports by HCWs who experienced NSIs or exposure to potentially infectious materials such as blood and body fluids. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 16 (Released 2007; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York) and Microsoft Excel 2010 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington). Data from 142 participants indicated a higher proportion of females experiencing NSIs compared to males, with rates of 57.7% pre-COVID and 60.6% during COVID. There were notable shifts in NSI rates across professions, with increases observed among staff nurses and ward attendants/helpers. Analysis of injury circumstances revealed a decrease in sampling procedure-related injuries but an increase during intravenous procedures and biomedical waste segregation. Injuries occurring on the right-hand index finger decreased from 52.1% pre-COVID to 31% during COVID, while those on the left-hand index finger increased from 19.7% pre-COVID to 39.4% during COVID. Statistically significant associations were found between the injury site and the place of occurrence (p=0.021). Healthcare professionals commonly cleansed the site with disinfectants and used personal protective equipment (PPE) kits, with increased PPE usage noted during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings emphasize the evolving dynamics of NSIs among HCWs and underscore the importance of tailored preventive measures during pandemics.

Knowledge, Health Practices and Policies for Hepatitis for Midwifery and Nurses in Allied and District Hospital Faisalabad

Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a critical global health concern with significant morbidity and mortality. Nurses and midwives, as frontline healthcare professionals, are particularly vulnerable to HBV infection. This study focuses on evaluating the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to HBV among these groups in Faisalabad, Pakistan, a region with limited existing research on this topic. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in two major public maternity hospitals in Faisalabad (District and Allied hospitals). A structured questionnaire, pre-tested for validity, was administered to assess the KAP towards HBV. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 21, applying chi-square tests to explore associations between categorical variables. Results: The study sampled 110 healthcare workers (nurses and midwives). Key findings included Knowledge to be 58.2% of participants had an average level of HBV knowledge, Attitudes to be A majority displayed a positive attitude towards HBV prevention, Practices to be 65.5% reported adhering to safe practices. However, a clear percentage of 51.8% had experienced needlestick injuries. Vaccination and PEP found to be only 40.9% completed the HBV vaccination series, and 50% held misconceptions regarding HBV post-exposure prophylaxis. Conclusion: The study reveals a considerable awareness of HBV among nurses and midwives in Faisalabad hospitals, yet highlights critical gaps in both knowledge, particularly concerning PEP, and practices, as evidenced by high rates of needlestick injuries and low vaccination completion. These findings call for intensified efforts in occupational safety, education on HBV, and increasing vaccination coverage among healthcare workers.

IMPACT OF NEEDLE STICK INJURIES ON STUDENT NURSES AT KTH HOSPITAL, PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN

Needle stick injury (NSI) is a significant hazard in healthcare settings that poses a potential risk of transmission of blood-borne diseases. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence of NSI among student nurses in a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar and their knowledge about NSI prevention and control. The data collected through structured questionnaires, and the sample size was 147. The results showed 37% of students had experienced NSI during the last six months, while 70% were vaccinated and 75% were screened against HBS, HCV, and HIV. The study emphasizes the need for further training, workshops, and close supervision to prevent NSI complications and enhance safe practices during healthcare services. The positive effect of free vaccination and government attention to increasing the strength of nurses to control the increasing rate of NSI is also highlighted. Due to lack of proper supervision by trained staff, student nurses often suffer from needle stick injuries during their practical work. Patients may admitted to the hospital already contaminated with communicable diseases, and their beds are not labeled to indicate this. Exposure to NSIs can cause fear, insecurity, and low self-esteem in student nurses. There are many psychological consequences associated with NSIs, such as fear, anxiety, and depression. Student nurses are at substantial risk for NSIs because they often perform invasive procedures with minimal knowledge and experience. Education and awareness-raising about NSI prevention and reporting have been shown to positively impact previous studies. Observational studies conducted in Pakistan have recommended that nurse students receive further education to reduce the incidence of NSIs, as they are often deprived of advanced knowledge and experience. A lack of staff in hospitals can contribute to NSIs as nurses may ignore their safety while performing their duties. Two-handed recapping is responsible for approximately 80% of needle stick injuries.

Incidence of the exposure to blood and blood products and its relationship with the medical education accreditation among last grade medical students in Turkey

Abstract:
 Backgrounds: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the blood contact and needle-stick injury rates of final-year (year-6) medical students receiving their education and training at medical schools in different regions of Turkey and to analyse the relationships between blood contact and needle-stick injury and the personal variables of students and accreditation certifications of medical schools.
 Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, self-reporting questionnaires were completed anonymously by consenting final-year medical students. The study population (N = 7900) included all final-year medical students attending the 76 medical schools of Turkey. Of the 76 medical schools, 13 were selected by stratified random sampling, according to their accreditation certification and geographical location, which resulted in 2786 final-year medical students being contacted for participation. The dependent variable was percutaneous contact and the timing of the contact. The independent variables were the personal characteristics, occupational health and safety knowledge, invasive medical procedure skills, and blood-borne disease knowledge of final-year medical students, as well as, the accreditation certification of medical schools. Comparisons between groups were analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression.
 Results: 83.8% (n = 2334) of 2786 final-year medical students contacted, consented to participate. Blood contact rates of 75.2% for intact skin contact, 20.0% for mucosal contact, and 35.4% for percutaneous contact were reported; with27.0% of medical students reporting contaminated blood contact. The average percutaneous time-to-contact was 8.95 ± 0.09 months, with the percutaneous contact rate approaching 50% in the 12th month of the hazard analysis. Percutaneous contact was significantly higher in students who received no formal occupational health and safety training (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11-1.50) and who attended non-accredited medical schools (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.26-1.66). Percutaneous contact increased significantly in medical students with increasing invasive medical procedure applying scores (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.04-1.09).
 Conclusion: The final year of medical education and training is a high-risk period for percutaneous contact, with the evidence suggesting that the high risks could be mediated by implementing appropriate occupational health and safety education and training. The accreditation certification of medical schools is a significant independent variable in exposure risk. The low blood-contact reporting rate among medical students is a serious concern that requires the implementation of appropriate interventional measures.
 Key words:blood contact,needle-stick injury, medical students, accreditation, occupational health and safety

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE TOWARDS NEEDLE STICK INJURY AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN A PRIVATE HOSPITAL-QUESTIONNAIRE BASED STUDY

Background : An occupational injury is loosely termed as needle stick injury(NSI) , though it included injury through needle or other sharps and splashes4.They constitute major source of blood borne pathogens especially HIV, HBV, HCV. The risk of transmission after NSI is highest for HBV (2-40%), followed by HCV (2.7-10%), least for HIV (0.3%) 5. Purpose 1. To assess the occurrence of NSI among different categories of HCWs 2. To study various factors responsible and the circumstances under which they occur 3. To prevent these through improvement in knowledge, attitude and practice. Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among health care workers (HCWs) in a Private Hospital (Shanthi hospital and research centre) in Bengaluru from Jan to March 2023. This study included all HCW (50), who come in contact with patients, thus exposed to sharps and other occupational hazards. Data collection was carried out using standardized questionnaire, created based on review of the literature Results: out of 50, 21 were males and 29 were female. Maximum were in the age group of 20-40 yrs. 50 % of the HCWs are nursing staff, followed by 20% doctors, 18% housekeeping, 12% technicians. Needle stick injury was seen in 10% of HCWs. Out of 5 HCWs, only one has sustained 2 NSIs, remaining 4 HCWs had NSI only once. It was common in nursing staff as they will be dealing with sharps frequently. Interpretation & Conclusion: NSI rate is relatively low in this study compared to many other studies, even HBV Vaccination rate is good in this study. To improve the knowledge, attitude and practice towards NSI repeated training with pre and post test questionnaire is very important. More knowledge is required regarding needleless safety devices.

Assessment of safe injection awareness and practices among healthcare providers at primary health care facilities

BackgroundUnsafe injection necessitates some preventive steps including promoting and assuring the execution of safe injection administration and waste disposal methods. The present study aimed to assess the awareness and practices of safe injection among health care providers working at all primary health care (PHC) facilities in Fayoum governorate, Egypt. Also, it assessed the awareness, readiness, and response related to needle stick injuries (NSIs).MethodsA cross-sectional observational study conducted from September to December 2019 at all working PHC facilities in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt, resulted in enrolling 685 health care providers, and observation of 520 injection processes. Data were collected by a combination of staff interviews and structured observation of different injection processes using the WHO revised C tool.ResultsSafe injection and post-exposure NSI policies and procedures was implemented in 96.5% of the PHC facilities. Compliance to hand wash before preparing a procedure was 56.7%. Immediate disposal of used needles was 76.2% in observed injections. Hepatitis B vaccination rate among participants was 87.2%. Most participants 87.6% admitted the existence of a NSI reporting system but only 38.8% of those who had experienced NSI event reported. The rate of NSI was 14%.ConclusionsFayoum PHC facilities have good awareness level among providers and broadly accepted compliance with injection practices as per the WHO tool. Most injection-safety aspects were satisfactory, and implemented measures to face NSI were in place. Appropriate timely actions are required to maintain the fair awareness and improve injections practices in the PHC facilities.

Needlestick Injuries among Nurses in Selangor Public Hospital, Malaysia

Background: Needlestick injuries (NSIs) are one of the greatest risks nurses face. NSIs are associated with an increased risk of diseases that can be transferred through skin exposure, such as Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and the human immunodeficiency virus. Certain factors can influence the mechanism and frequency of NSI among nurses. Objective: To determine the factors associated with the frequency and mechanisms of NSIs among nurses at a public hospital in Selangor. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to September 2020. A total of 233 nurses were conveniently sampled from a public hospital in Selangor. A questionnaire was distributed to capture data on socio-demographic characteristics, frequency, and mechanisms of NSI. The inferential statistics were conducted using SPSS 22. Results: Of the 233 respondents, the incidence rate of NSI was 23.6%. Most cases of NSI occurred during the morning shift (12.4%), and the most common mechanism of NSIs was the action of recapping needles (6.9%). Factors associated with the NSI were gender, age, ward, and working experience. Conclusion: The prevalence of NSIs is relatively low in this study. However, nurses should still apply universal precautions to prevent NSIs. Several risk factors that influenced the NSI should be highlighted among nurses and nursing management to prevent its incidence.

معدل انتشار إصابات الوخز بالإبر بين طاقم المختبر الوطني المركزي للصحة العامة في مدينة عدن، اليمن

Background: Needlestick injuries (NSIs) are one of the most common health hazards facing healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide. Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of occupational exposure to NSIs among laboratory personnel working at the national center of public health laboratory in Aden, Yemen. Also, to identify the risk factors associated with NSIs and HBV vaccination status. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among laboratory personnel in the national center of public health laboratory in Aden. Data collection was done using a pretested administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 33 (34.4%) participants had been exposed to needlestick injuries during their work in the laboratory. Only 33.3% of needlestick injuries were reported to administrator in the laboratory. The prevalence rate of needlestick injury was significantly higher (65.6%) among those who had an experience of less than 5 years (P< 0.05) and those who had not (41.9%) received training course on biosafety (P< 0.05). About one-third (32.3%) of participants reported that they had been vaccinated against HBV. The vaccination coverage rate against HBV was significantly higher among laboratory personnel who had received a bachelor's degree (P< 0.05), and those who received biosafety training course (P< 0.05). Conclusions and Recommendations: This study showed relatively higher prevalence rate of NSIs among the laboratory personnel. The rate of non-reported NSIs is also high among laboratory personnel who had needlestick injuries. Low rate of receiving biosafety training courses and low vaccination coverage among laboratory personnel. Therefore, laboratory personnel should be trained on safety measures for handling and disposing of needles and should be encouraged to report NSIs to get the right treatment and counseling. Also, the laboratory should be provided with protective equipment in sufficient quantities to reduce the incidence of NSIs and HBV vaccination should be achieved for laboratory personnel working at the national center of public health laboratory in Aden.

Needlestick injuries among anesthesia providers from a large US academic center: A 10-year retrospective analysis

Study objectiveAnesthesiologists are at high risk for needlestick injury. Such injuries pose a serious health threat from exposure to bloodborne pathogens. This retrospective analysis aimed to examine needlestick injury rate among anesthesia providers between 2010 and 2020 at the University of California Los Angeles, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine to determine specialty-specific factors associated with these injuries. DesignRetrospective analysis. SettingAcademic Anesthesiology Department. Patients and interventionsNone. MeasurementsAll reported incidents of needlestick injuries to employees are sent to the Injury and Illness Prevention Committee. We included all anesthesia residents, fellows, nurse anesthetists, solo anesthesiologists, and supervising anesthesiologists. Main resultsThe overall rate of reported needlestick injuries was 5.3%. The rates for anesthesia residents were 2.1%, 13.5%, 7.9%, and 6.7% for post graduate year 1–4 (PGY 1–4) residents. The rates were 14.3%, 4.7%, 2.1%, and 6.9% for fellows, nurse anesthetists, supervising anesthesiologists, and solo anesthesiologists, respectively. We found that PGY2 residents had a higher injury rate than PGY1 residents (p-value<0.001). When grouping PGY2, PGY3, and PGY4 residents together, they had a collective rate of 9.4%. Furthermore, residents had a higher needlestick injury rate than supervising anesthesiologists (p-value <0.001). ConclusionsPGY2 residents and fellows had the highest rate of needlestick injury. Our study highlights the trend of increasing sharps injuries after PGY1 while supervising anesthesiologists had the lowest rate. Proposed mechanisms for the increased sharps injuries include residents' transition from medicine-based internship to the operating room environment with increased exposure to potentially injurious equipment, overnight call, and increased work-related and cognitive stress. Improving understanding of institution-specific prevention programs, raising awareness during their initial high-intensity training period with one-to-one supervision when habits are formed, and reducing exposure to sharps using a needleless system are some steps toward reducing the incidence of sharps injuries in a field where the risk remains high.

Effect of the Automatic Needle Destroyer on Healthcare Providers' Work in an Emergency Department: A Mixed-Methods Study.

ObjectivesThis study introduced a novel Automatic Needle Destroyer (AND) to an emergency department (ED) and assessed its effect on healthcare providers’ work.MethodsBetween August and September 2019, in the ED of a tertiary hospital in Seoul, we conducted a mixed-methods study to evaluate the efficiency, safety, and usability of the AND using video analysis, surveys, and in-depth interviews, wherein participants described the advantages and disadvantages of the AND.ResultsCompared to the existing method, introducing the AND significantly reduced the operating time from 2.32 ± 1.14 seconds to 1.77 ± 3.71 seconds (p < 0.001). The normal operation rate was 90.6%. The rate of needle-stick injuries (NSIs) and the mean system usability scale (SUS) showed no significant differences. The in-depth interviews indicated that the disadvantages of the AND were mostly operational. The advantages were related to profit, reduced direct contact with hazardous waste, and behavioral changes, such as not having to recap syringes.ConclusionsWe introduced the AND to an ED environment, where NSIs occur frequently and many syringes are used, to evaluate its effect on providers’ work. The AND reduced the time for needle disposal, but the normal operation rate was low. No significant differences were found in the SUS score or the rate of NSIs. Although there are some restrictions on introducing the AND immediately, this study’s results showed its potential usefulness. Efforts to improve the operation of the device and a longer study period are needed to fully achieve safety and efficiency.

Leveraging Partnerships to Reduce Insulin Needlestick Injuries: Nurse-Led System-Wide Quality Improvement Project.

Percutaneous injuries from needlesticks are a major occupational hazard for nurses. Reducing subcutaneous insulin-related needlestick injuries was part of a nurse-led comprehensive sharps injury-reduction program at an integrated, not-for-profit health system. The incident rate of needlestick injuries was compared between 1 year before and 1 year after introducing this quality improvement project. A system-wide educational program instituting changes in subcutaneous insulin administration practices was combined with supply chain standardization using a single type of safety-engineered insulin syringe. The average monthly incidence of needlestick injuries per 10 000 subcutaneous insulin injections fell significantly from year to year (incidence rate ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.30-0.80; Poisson regression P = .004). One-year cost savings for supplies totaled $3500; additional annual median savings were $24 875 (2019 US dollars) in estimated costs of needlestick injuries averted. The effectiveness of this multifaceted project provides a practical template to reduce subcutaneous insulin-related needlestick injuries.

Needlestick injuries among obstetrics and gynecology trainees: A survey study

ObjectiveTo assess characteristics, incidence, risk factors, and reporting rate of needlestick injuries (NSIs) among Obstetrics and Gynecology trainees. Study designWe performed a nationwide cross-sectional survey study. The 40-items survey Obstetrics Needlestick Injury Questionnaire (ONSI-Q) was used to investigate the prevalence of NSIs, participant attitudes, associated factors, and the NSI reporting rate among trainees in Obstetrics and Gynecology. The target responders were all trainees of Obstetrics and Gynecology training programs in Italy. The trainees were invited between September 2018 and December 2018 via a web-based platform. ResultsAmong 1049 trainees, 1041 (99.2%) completed the survey. Out of 1041 trainees, 639 (61.4%) had at least one NSI, and 90.9% (581/639) experienced at least one during obstetric surgery. The number of NSIs increased with the year of training, with 2.48 NSIs per trainee in the fifth year. 90.6% (579/639) reported details about the most recent NSI, which was during obstetric surgery in 95.3% (552/579) of cases. 57.1% (315/552) experienced the most recent NSI during cesarean section, which was mainly inflicted by someone else (72.4%; 228/315). 42.9% (237/552) of NSIs were during perineal suture, and 84% (199/237) of them were self-inflicted. 77.9% (417/535) of trainees did not report the NSI. Associated factors were non-high-risk patients, self-inflicted NSI, and the first NSI. ConclusionsNSIs are frequent among Obstetrics and Gynecology trainees but not reported, and obstetric surgery is the primary source. These data support the European efforts to improve working practices' safety. The education about protective strategies and reporting should be a priority.

Knowledge and practices of needle stick injury prevention among nursing personnel in a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India

A needle stick injury (NSI) is an accidental skin‑penetrating stab wound from a hollow‑bore needle containing another person’s blood or body fluid, leading to transmission of blood borne infections such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus. Nurses are the core care providers for patients in the hospital and thus have the highest rate of needle stick injury among all the health care workers. This is possibly be due to performance of invasive and non-invasive procedures to the patients besides injection administration more often than any other staff. a) To assess the knowledge of Needle stick injuries (NSI) among nursing staffs, b) To determine the practices of Needdle stick injury prevention (NSI) among nursing staffs of a tertiary care teaching hospital.M A cross sectional study was conducted by using a structured questionnaire having close ended and multiple choice questions, 10 in knowledge parameters and 15 in practice parameters respectively, designed from previously published literature. Informed verbal consent was taken prior to distribution of the self reporting Questionnaire and 100 nursing staffs were included. Minitab software version 19 was used for data analysis. 1st Jan 2020 to 31st March, 2020 (3 months).Response rate was 80%, Incidence of NSI was 45%, Only 24% of the nurses were aware of the definition of NSI, about 90% of them were aware of the infections transmitted, 85% of them are unaware of ‘no-recapping’ technique of disposal, 90% of them were aware of standard precautions, Overall knowledge is adequate among 65% nurses. Only 35% nurses reported their NSI after incident, 24% knew post exposure prophylaxis, 98% of the reported NSI incidents NSI were due to recapping of needles. NSIs were highly prevalent among nurses. Injection practices needs improvement. Procedures associated with higher risks of NSIs such as recapping of needles, non-wearing of gloves, improper disposal of sharps and others should be strongly discouraged.

ASSESSMENT OF SAFE INJECTION PRACTICES AND NEEDLESTICK INJURY AMONG NURSING STUDENTS AT MANSOURA UNIVERSITY

Injections are the most common health care procedure worldwide.Risk of unsafeinjection exposed health care providers to needle-stick injury that constitute a majorhazard for the transmission of bloodborne diseases.The establishment of Safe InjectionGlobal Network (SIGN) was a milestone towards safe injection practice globally. Safeinjection is a vital component of infection prevention process without which many patientsare at risk of being exposed to several non-curable and curable infectious diseases.Thisstudy aimed to assess nursingstudents' knowledge, practices, and attitude regarding safeinjection practices and needlestick injury.A cross sectional study design was utilized toaccomplish this study.Convenience sampling technique of community health nursingstudents were included in the sample.The study results revealed that the prevalence rate ofneedlestick injury (NSI)was 52.1% of among the studentsthrough last three levels of theiracademic study. The majority of the studied students had lack of knowledge andimproperpractice regarding safe injection practices and needlestick injury.Conclusion:needle stick injuries was prevalent among more than half of studied nursing students.Majority of the nursing students had a poor score level of knowledge and improper practiceregarding safe injection practices and needlestick injury.Finally, it is recommendedcontinuous health education program and training courses regarding safe injectionpractices prior to starting clinical practice.

Impact of the Use of Safety Engineered Devices on the Rate of Needle Stick Injuries Caused by a Needle on a Disposable Syringe Among Emergency Nurses in Egypt

Impact of the Use of Safety Engineered Devices on the Rate of Needle Stick Injuries Caused by a Needle on a Disposable Syringe Among Emergency Nurses in Egypt

Prevalence and Perception of Needle Stick Injury Among Health Care Professionals at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

<h3>Background</h3> Introduction: Needle stick injury is a percutaneous injury occurs through sharp objects among health care professionals. Sharp injury can happen due to mishandling, recapping, passing of sharps or leaving the sharps on surfaces. World Health Organization reported an average of 4 Needle stick injury /year/ health care professionals. Our study objective is to find the knowledge, prevalence of needle stick injury and current status of hepatitis B vaccination among health care professionals. <h3>Methods</h3> Methods: A cross sectional survey conducted through questionnaire among health care professionals. Data collection was done between December 2018 and January 2019. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. <h3>Results</h3> Results: A total of 300 participants were surveyed and majority was females. There were 33.7 % doctors, 30.6% nurses and 35.7% technicians. Around 49.7% experienced needle stick injuries in the last one year. Out of whom 7.4% got needle stick injuries 3 times and 1.3% got 4 times and 14.8% got multiple times. Around 66.4% needle stick injury was unreported. Needle stick injury were considered harmful by 97.7%. A total of 99.4% believe that hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus can be transmitted by needle stick injury. Mostly the cause of needle stick injury was rush hours 47%. Around 72.5% needle stick injury were percutaneous and gloves were used by 98.3%. Only 8.1% washed their hands with soap and water after needle stick injury. Around 74.3% health care professionals received health safety training. Hepatitis B virus vaccine series was completed in 74%, however, only 23.7 % know about their antibodies titers. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Conclusion: Needle stick injury has high prevalence in our setting. The reporting system, improvement in vaccination status, regular educational sessions with emphasis on standard precautions can decrease needle stick injury rates in our hospital.

Needlestick injuries: the role of safety-engineered devices in prevention.

The first documented mention of a needlestick injury (NSI) in the medical literature appeared in 1906. Despite growth in academic and clinical interest for NSI prevention, a global report identified that approximately 3 million healthcare workers have suffered percutaneous exposure to blood-borne pathogens. Legislation is an important component of NSI prevention. Unfortunately, the impact of legislation may not always reduce the incidence of NSI as much as expected. Safety-engineered device (SED) implementation has demonstrated a substantial reduction in NSI rates compared with non-SEDs. More importantly, passive SEDs are 10 times less likely to be connected with an NSI incident.

An investigation of insulin injection-related needlestick injuries among clinical nurses in Hunan, China

Objective: To investigate the incidence rate of insulin injection-related needlestick injuries, links causing such injuries, and reporting of occupational exposure among nurses in the wards of general hospitals in Hunan, China. Methods: From January 2017 to March 2019, stratified cluster sampling was performed to select 4368 nurses as respondents from 54 hospitals at different levels in 14 prefectures and cities of Hunan. The current status of insulin injection-related needlestick injuries was investigated, including the high-risk links causing insulin injection-related needlestick injuries during the use of insulin syringe (pen) , time and number of needlestick injuries, infection after needlestick injuries, and reporting of needlestick injuries, and a statistical analysis was performed. Continuous data were described as mean±standard deviation, and categorical data were described by percentage (%) . Results: Among the 3697 nurses who were investigated, 1419 (38.4%) once had needlestick injuries related to insulin injection, among whom 413 (29.1%) had needlestick injuries in the past 1 year. The mean number of insulin injection-related needle stick injuries was 1.92±1.80, with a mean number of 0.57±1.18 caused by insulin syringe, 1.30±1.15 caused by the anterior segment of insulin pen, and 0.32±0.81 caused by the posterior end of insulin pen. Among the 1419 nurses with a history of needlestick injuries, 90 (6.3%) had related infection, mainly HBV infection, and after the occurrence of needlestick injuries, 26.0% (369/1419) of these nurses reported it every time and 15.2% (215/1419) never reported it. "Fear of trouble" was the main reason for no reporting (69.1%, 980/1419) , followed by "the thought of no risk" (43.2%, 613/1419) and "no related policy in hospital" (10.9%, 154/1419) ". Among these 1419 nurses, 49.8% (706/1419) were treated according to the standard process for needlestick injuries in hospital every time, and 3.6% (51/1419) did not know such process or there was no such standard process. Conclusion: The current situation of insulin injection-related needlestick injuries is not optimistic among clinical nurses in Hunan, and the incidence rate of needlestick injuries cannot be ignored.

Economic analysis of new workplace technology including productivity and injury: The case of needle-less injection in swine.

Increasing intensification in swine production has led to new and specialized technologies, but the occupational health and safety impacts are rarely quantified in the business plans for adoption. Needle-less injection has potential to increase productivity and eliminate needle stick injury in workers, but it is not clear whether these benefits offset high capital investment and potential increases in musculoskeletal loads. This economic evaluation employed probabilistic scenario analysis using injury, cost, and production data gathered from interviews with swine producers in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. After adoption of needle-less injection, rates of needle-stick injury went down with no measureable effect on upper limb musculoskeletal disorders, resulting in lower health and safety costs for needle-less injectors. Needle-less injection duration was 40% faster once workers acclimatized, but large start-up costs mean economic benefits are realized only after the first year. The incremental benefit cost ratio promoted adoption of needle-less injectors over conventional needles for the base case of a 1200 sow barn; the conventional method is beneficial for barns with 600 sows or less. Findings indicate that well-designed technologies have the potential to achieve the dual ergonomics goals of enhancing human wellbeing and system performance. We anticipate that the economic and decision models developed in this study can be applied to other new technologies in agriculture and animal production.