Rata Research Articles

Efficacy of oral prednisone acetate for prevention of esophageal stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection

Objective To investigate efficacy and safety of oral prednisone acetate for prevention of esophageal stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for patients with esophageal precancerous lesions or early esophageal carcinoma. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on data of 56 patients who underwent circumferential or semi-circumferential (more than three quarters but not a complete circular) ESD for esophageal precancerous lesions or early cancer in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from October 2014 to October 2017. The patients were divided into the study group (n=26, prednisolone oral administration after ESD) and the control group (n=30, without prednisolone oral administration after ESD). Endoscopic dilatation was performed whenever patients experienced persistent dysphagia to solids. Clinical data, stricture rate, numbers of endoscopic dilatation, and adverse events were compared between the two groups. Results There were no differences in age, gender, location and length of lesions, endoscopic findings, depths of tumor invasion, and pathological subtypes between the two groups (all P>0.05). The proportion of circumferential esophageal lesions in the study group was higher than that in the control group[53.85% (14/26) VS 23.33% (7/30), χ2=5.53, P=0.02]. The rata of post-procedural esophageal stricture in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group[30.77% (8/26) VS 60.00% (18/30), χ2=4.78, P=0.03], and the number of endoscopic dilatation was lesser in the study group than the control group (3.85±2.57 VS 9.83±5.82, t=7.22, P=0.00). There were no adverse events related to oral prednisone, and no treatment-related mortality. Conclusion Prednisone acetate oral administration is safe and effective to prevent esophageal stenosis after complete or semi-circular ESD for patients with esophageal precancerous lesions or early esophageal carcinoma. Key words: Esophageal neoplasms; Esophageal stenosis, postoperative; Prednisone; Protective agents; Endoscopic submucosal dissection

Anterior debridement bone graft fusion and posterior fixation in treatment of intervertebral infection

Objective To explore the clinical outcome with anterior debridement, bone graft and posterior internal fixation with short nail of treating intervertebral infection. Methods Ninteen cases (11 male and 8 female, aged from 34 to 63, 46 on average) of lumbar intervertebral space infection treated in our hospital from June 2008 to June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. These infections occurred at L2-L3 in 2 cases, L3-L4 in 5 cases, L4-L5 in 8 cases and L5-S1 in 4 cases. All patients had history of disc surgery or puncture. The clinical outcome after operation was analyzed according to the low back paine after operation which analyzed by visual analog scale (VAS), and the bone fusion. Erythrocyte sedimentation rata and C-reactionprotein were aslo recorded before and after surgery. Results All cases were followed up, average 24 months. The lower back pain was improved obviously between preoperation and postoperation(P<0.05). Also erythrocyte sedimentation rata and C-reactionprotein returned to normal after the operation and all cases had complete bone union at the end of follow-up with no instrument failure noted. Conclusion Anterior debridement, bone graft and posterior internal fixation with short nail in of treating intervertebral infection not only can effectively reconstruct the stability of the spine, but also retain range of motion segment of spine. Key words: Lumbar vertebrae; Infection, intervertebral space; Fusion; Internal fixation

MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR LOMPAT JAUH GAYA JONGKOK MELALUI PERMAINAN JUMP BOX

The aim in this study was to determine the learning outcome long jump squat style through play approach jump box on fourth grade students N Yamansari 01 2013/2014 academic year. This research is a classroom action research. This study consisted of two cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, action, observation and reflection. This research was conducted in the District 01 Elementary School Yamansari Lebaksiu Tegal with research subjects IV class with 40 students consisting of 21 male students and 19 female students. The research instrument used is the observation sheet student activity, teacher observation sheet activities and practice tests. Technique data analysis was done descriptively and through hitingan predetermined formula. The results showed that the learning outcomes long jump squat style by using a jump box game this looks positive impact on students' mastery learning outcomes that exceed a predetermined KKM is 75 has risen in the first cycle of learning completeness reached 72.50% with a mean value -rata 78, while in the second cycle learning completeness reached 92.50% with an average value of 81.67. It can be concluded that learning style long jump squat jump box game approach has a positive influence, which can improve learning outcomes, interest and motivation to learn.

الترخص في القرينة الإعرابية:, دراسة في استعمال القرآن الكريم

Did not leave the Koran energy linguistic or ability expressive of the character and the word only and blew it, to the extent that they are part of the miracle of the Quran; because the speaker is the sire of language and Aref out, came sensitive to their systems that are used and they are accustomed to, which is not graduated from being a music linguistic shake feelings self-talkie instinct and spirit; until there is the purpose of that speech there is a close relationship between the Koran and the music of language; derived from Choose words and the order of the letters and sentences according to their voices and exits, it has cared Quran harmony voice in the joints because of its impact and the impact on the hearing and the same receiver to him, it offers or delay or deletes the word line with breaks walleye to achieve beauty pronunciation as well as achieving the moral, as interrelated verses and his words coherent moral closely based on a pro rata basis Semantic who is between words and commas Quranic verses which are contained therein, and the verses themselves in Sura one as follow up on the basis of moral purely Notably, the predominance of letters silent on the vowels in the joints; because they are basing rhythmically and employ them in the interval one of the methods to influence the recipient to perform the meaning intended, came comma in Surat (Rahman) on three characters preceded by letters tide, namely: Noon - and it ended most of the breaks Sura - and Meem and this choice of Nun the mind of the recipient; They are accustomed to the Arabs in Rhymes poetry, and features for Arab voices in general

Effects of Shenxiong-Huayu capsule on the expression of NF-κB p65 in CA1 area of hippocampus of vascular dementia rats

Objective To investigate the effect of Shenxiong-Huayu capsule on the expression of NF-κB p65 in CA1 area of hippocampus of vascular dementia rats.Methods 40 SD rata were evenly divided into 4 groups:normal control group,sham-operation group,model group and Shenxiong-Huayu capsule intervention group.Established vascular dementia rat models by common carotid artery repeatedly occlusion and sodium nitroprusside intraperitoneal injection.The learning and memory abilities of rats were detected by Morris water maze; the expression of NF-κB p65 was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results ① The expression of NF-κB p65 in the CA1 area of hippocampus was increased in the model group than in the sham-operation group and normal control group (P＜0.01).② The expression of NF-κB p65 in the CA1 area of hippocampus was decreased in the Shenxiong-Huayu capsule intervention group than in the model group (P＜0.01).Conclusion Shenxiong-Huayu capsule can reduce the expression of NF-κB p65 protein in CA1 area of hippocampus and improve the learning and memory abilities in vascular dementia rats. Key words: Vascular dementia; NF-κB p65; Shenxiong-Huayu Capsule

Effects of isoflurane anenthesia on myocyte enhancer factor 2 signaling pathway in neonatal rat hippocampus

Objective To investigate the effects of isoflurane anenthesia on myocyte enhancer factor 2(MEF2) signaling pathway in neonatal rat hippocampus. Methods Twenty-four 5-day-old SD rats of both sexes,weighing 10-13 g, were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 12 each): control group (group C) and isoflurane group (group I). In group I, 1.5% isoflurane in 100% O2 was inhaled for 6 h. Group C received no treatment.Three rata in each group were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6 h of isoflurane anenthesia and 24 h after isoflurane anenthesia (T1-4), and the hippocampi removed for determination of MEF2 mRNA, synGAP Ⅰ mRNA, Arc mRNA and synapsinⅠ mRNA expression (by PT-PCR) and synapsin Ⅰ protein expression (by Western blot).Results Compared with group C, the expression of MEF2 mRNA, synGAP Ⅰ mRNA, Arc mRNA and synapsin Ⅰ mRNA at T1-3 and synapsin Ⅰ protein at T2-4 was up-regulated in group I ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Inhalation of anaesthetic concentration of isoflurane may affect synapse formation during the development of central nervous system by actirating hippocampal MEF2 signaling pathways in neonatal rats. Key words: Isoflurane; Myogenic regulatory factors; Infant, newborn; Hippocampus

The effects of electroacupuncture on the synaptic structure of hippocampal CA3 neurons and learning and memory ability after cerebral infarct

Objective To evaluate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on synaptic interface structures around a cerebral infarct and evaluate how learning and memory relate to synoptic structure. Methods Forty-eight male, adult Wistar rats were divided randomly and equally into an EA group and a control group after models of ische-mic brain injury had been established. Each group was then divided into 1 week, 2 week and 3 week sub-groups. In the EA group EA was started 24 hours after the operation at the Baihui (DU20) and Da Zhui (BUI4) points and continued for one week, two weeks or three weeks. The control group was fed in normal cages and had no special treatment. Synoptic substructures in the hippocampal CA3 area of the ischemic side were assessed morphologically and quantitatively. Results The synaptic curvatures and postsynaptic density (PSD) an well as the width of the ac-tive area increased significantly in the EA group compared with the control group. Morris water maze learning ability in the EA group exceeded that in the control group. Spatial probe test results also significantly improved in the EA groups compared with the control groups. Conclusions Learning and memory improved in the injured rats following EA, and this is likely to be related to synaptic changes and synaptic plasticity increasing. Key words: Electroacupuncture; Cerebral infarction ; Learning and memory ; Synoptic substructures; Rata

Effect of fructose-1,6-dephosphate pretreatment on myocardial connexin43 in a rat model of acute myocardial ischemia

Objective To investigate the effect of fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) pretreatment on myocardial connexin43 (Cx43) in a rat model of acute myocardial ischemia.Methods Thirty-six male 8-12 week old SD rata weighing 220-280 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=12 each):group Ⅰ sham operation (group S);group Ⅱ ischemia(group Ⅰ)and group Ⅲ FDP+ischemia(group F).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10%chloral hydrate 40 mg/100 g,tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated.Acute myocardial ischemia was induced by occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min.Myocardial ischemia was;verified by elevation of S-T segment on ECG.In group F FDP 100 mg/kg was injected iv at 10 min before ischemia.Arrhythmia was recorded within 30 min after occlusion and the severity of arrbythmia was aggesged.The hearts were removed after 30 min myocardial ischemia.The Left ventricle area (LVA),myocardial infarct area (IA) and area at risk (AAR) were measured and AAR/LVA and IA/AAR ratios were calculated.The expression of myocardial Cx43 protein was determined by immuno-histochemestry and analysis of mean optical density.Results The severity of arrhythmia was significantly higher in group F and I than in gropu S.while lower in group F than in group I(P<0.05).The IA,IA/AAR ratio was significantly lower in group F than in group I.The myocardial Cx43 protein expression was down-regulated in group I and F as compared with group S.and was significantly lower in group I than in group F.Conclusion FDP pretreatment can protect myocardium against acute ischemia by up-regulation of myocardial Cx43 expression. Key words: Fructosediphosphates; Myocardial ischemia; Connexins

A study on reference memory and working memory of pure cerebral concussion and multiple cerebral concussion by 8-arm radial maze in rats

Objective To observe learning and memory behavior changes of one time cerebral concussion called pure cerebral concussion(PCC)and three times cerebral concussion called multiple cerebral concussion (MCC)after injured 24 days in rats.Methods A metallic pendulum striker device was deployed to duplicate PCC and MCC model in SD rata which were the complete closed head injury model.The animals were divided into PCC and MCC groups at random.One control group was used,each group has eight animals(n=8).One 8-arms radial maze was used to assessed each animal's capabilities,that is,spatial reference memory,working memory,spirited activity and take in food.Results Compared with control group,there were some significance(P＜0.05)in both experiment groups post injury,that was,(1)The food intake decreased,PCC group from the 1st to the 11th day(from 0.00±0.00 to 2.62±1.76)after injury,MCC group from the 1st day to the 24th day(from 0.00±0.00 to 0.75±1.48)after injury.(2)Spirited activity depressed,PCC group on the 1st to the 7th,13rd day(from 4.87±1.24 to 10.0±2.39)after injury,MCC group on the 1st to 8th,22nd day(from 4.25±5.03 to 9.37±4.20)after injury.(3)The spatial reference memory was lower in early then gradually increased,PCC group on the 1 st to 7th day(from 0.50±0.75 to 3.O0±1.06)after injury,MCC group from the 1st to 19th day(from 1.88±2.10 to 2.50±2.44)after injury.(4)The working memory was delaying damaged,PCC group from the 1st to the 6th day and the 10th to the 23rd day(from 0.00±0.00 to 4.25±3.05)after injury,MCC group on the 1～4th,6th,9～13th,15th,16th,19th～22nd day(from 0.25±0.46 to 3.12±2.87)after injury.Conclusion The injured rata'capability of spatial reference memory,working memory,spirited activity and food intake were obviously damaged after CC,and the MCC group's capability of spatial reference memory,spirited activity and food intake was worse than PCC group. Key words: Pure cerebral concussion; Multiple cerebral concussion; Reference memery; Working menmory; Rats

Effect of ischemic preconditioning on HIF-1α and HO-1 in myocardium after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Objective To investigate the effect of ischemic preconditioning(IP)on hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)in myocardium after myocardial ischemia-reperfusian(I/R)injury in rata and the mechanism.Methods Forty-eight male SD rata weighing 220-280 g were randomly divided into 4 groups(n= 12 each): group A sham operation;group B I/R;group C IP+I/R and group DIP+IR+HO-1 inhibitor.The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 20% urethane 1 g/kg,tracheoatomized and mechanically ventilated.Myocardial ischemia was induced by 30 min occlusion of left anterior descending branch(LAD)of coronary artery followed by 120 min reperfusion,Ischemic preconditioning was induced by 3 episodes of5 min occlusion of LAD at 5 min intervals before myocardial ischemia.Group D received HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP Ⅸ10 mg/kg one day before IP.At the end of 120 min reperfusion the infarct size was measured,the expression of HIF-1α and HO-1 mRNA and protein,SOD and HO-1 activities and MDA content in myocardium and serum TNF-αand IL-6 concentrations were determined.Results Compared with sham operation group,I/R significantly increased MDA content in myocardium and serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations and decreased SOD activity in myocardium.Compared with I/R group,IP significantly decreased infarct size,increased HIF-1α and HO-1 mRNA and protein expression and HO-1 activity further and decreased serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations and myocardial MDA content in group C.In group D ZnPP Ⅸ pretreatment greatly increased infarct size which was significantly larger than that in group I/R and group IP+I/R.Conclusion IP can protect against myocardial I/R injury.Increase in HO-1 activity induced by HIP-1α may be involved in the underlying mechanism. Key words: Ischemic preconditioning; Myocardial reperfusion injury; Hypoxia-inducible factor 1; Heme oxygenase(decyclizing)

Response to Elizabeth Rata

Response to Elizabeth Rata

Effect of splenectomy on mortality and brain water content of rats with brain injury

Objective To observe the effect of splenectomy on mortality and brain water content of rats with brain injury so as to explore novel way for better clinical management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Methods Adult male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, ie, sham operation on brain and spleen (Group A, n = 23), experimental brain trauma & sham operation on spleen (Group B, n =48) and experimental brain injury & splenectomy (Group C, n = 47). Modified Feeney' s method was used to create the animal model of experimental brain trauma, Longa' s scale was applied to evaluate the neurologic defect. Mortality within seven days following brain injury was calculat-ed. In the meantime, the brain water content was detected at days 1 (n = 8), 2 (n = 8), 3 (n = 8) and 7 (n = 7) after brain injury in each group, Results No statistical difference of Longs' s scale was found between Group B and Group C (P > 0.05). The mortalities within seven days after brain injury were 0%, 35.42 and 14.89% in Groups A, B and C respectively, with statistical difference between groups (P 0.05) respectively. Conclusion Splenectomy can effectively reduce brain water content and significantly decrease mortality in rata with brain injury. Key words: Brain injuries; Splenectomy; Mortality; Brain water content

Effects of recombinant human TNFR: Fc fusion protein on rat acute liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharide

Objective To investigate the protective effects and the undedying mechanism of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor: Fc fusion protein (Yisaipu, rhu TNFR: Fc) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute liver injury of rats. Method Totally48 SD rats were randondy divided into four groups , in-cluding control gronp (n = 12), Yisaipu group(n = 12), LPS gronp(n = 12) and Yisaipu + IPS group(n = 12). The models of acute liver injury were produced by injection of LPS intravenously. Being fasted for 12 h, the rats were anaesthetized (60 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium, i.p.) and cannulated into carotid arteries. The cannula was connected with the multi-channel creature signal analysis system. The rata in control group and LPS group were injected with normal saline or LPS in dose of 5 mg/kg through rats' sublingual vein respectively. While the rats in Yisaipu group and Yisaipu + LPS group was pretreated with Yisaipu in dose of 0.4 mg/kg subcutaneously 24 h be-fore normal saline or LPS infusion. Six rats of each goup were randomly selected and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were monitored for 6 h via multi-channel creature signal analysis system, and rats' survival rate was calcu-lated. The rats whose MAP less than 10 mmHg were considered to die and the alive rats during period of observa-tion sacrificed by exsanguination. The liver tissue at the same site was removed, fixing in 10% formalin or stored at -80 ℃. To detect serum TNF-α, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level, 0.2 mL blood samples were collected from the carotid artery 2 and 3 h after the injection of saline or LPS. The serum was collected from centrifuged blood samples and stored at -80 ℃. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry were used to assess serum TNF-α level and bioactivity respectively. We also measured the serum ALT and AST levels, the myeloperoxiase (MPO) and superexide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malon-dialdehyde (MDA) content in liver tissue The pathology of hepatic tissue was evaluated by HE staining. Statistical-ly,the data of TNF-α level and bioactivity, ALT and AST release, and MDA content were analyzed by ANOVA, and rat survival rate were analyzed by Chi-square Tests. Results The rats in control group and Yisaipu group were all survived. Rat survival rate was significantly higher in Yisaipu + LPS group (67%) than in LPS group (17%) (P < 0.05). Serum TNF-α bioactivity was significantly lower in Yisaipu + LPS group than in LPS group [(7.3±2.8)% vs.(51.3±6.4)%, P <0.05]. Compared with IPS group, Yisaipu pretreatment decreased MDA content [(1.40±0.10)vs. (2.81±0.11) nmol/mgprot, P <0.05]and MPO acticity [(0.38±0.04) vs. (0.54±0.02) U/g, P <0.05]in hepatic tissue, while SOD activity [(188.4±20.2) vs. (142.5 ± 18.3) U/mgprot, P <0.05]was increased. The serum AST level, ALT level and the pathology in the liver were also ameliorated correspondingly. Conclusions These data suggest that Yisaipu could protect rats from LPsinduced a-cute liver injury by inhibiting TNF-α bioactivity and by enhancing anti-oxidation. Key words: Yisaipu; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Lipopolysaccharide; Acute liver injury

The experiment of the treatment of the aged with intertrochantetic fracture using DHS

Objective Discuss the indication,experience and clinical effect of the treatment of the aged with intertrochanteric fracture using Dinamic Hip Screw.Method Retrospectively analyze 52 case of old people with intertrochantefic fracture treated with DSH internal fixation in our hospital from August 2005 to August 2008,and evaluate the classification of fractures,operative method,postoperative management and the curative effect.Results All the cases were followed up after operation,which showed most of the fractures got healed,among them,38 cases were excellent,10 good,2 just so-so,2 bad cases manifested as coxa rata,external rotation or shortening deformity of the lower limbs.However,the excellent rate of joint function reached 92.3%,so the curative effect was definite.Conclusions DSH Internal Fixation is an ideal method of treating old people with intertrochantefic fracture.It has less complication and the hip function recovers well after operation and the disability rate can be effectively reduced. Key words: The aged; Femoral intertrochanteric; Fracture; DHS

Effect of lipoxin A4 on the expression of aquqporin-1,3,5 in the typeIIpenumonocyte of rat

Objective To study the effects of Lipoxins A4(LXA4)on the expressions of aquaporin(AQP)1,3,5 in type Ⅱ pneumonocytes(ATⅡ)of rat treated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Method One pathogenfree male Spree Dawley(SD)rat every time.weighing 200～250 g,were used for the study.The typeⅡpenumonocytes of rats were isolated and purified,and the changes of cellular ultrastructure were observed by electron microscope in order to get the purity quotien＞90%.The type Ⅱ pneumonocytes were divided randomly into five groups,namely,vebicukun group(alcohol 0.7μL/mL),control group,LXA4 group(1×10-7mol/mL),endotoxin group(LPS 1μg/mL)and LXA4+LPS group(LXA4 1×10-7mol/mL,LPS 1μg/mL).AQP-1,3,5 mRNA of in the typeⅡpenumonocytes were assayed by using reversal transcription poly chain reaction(RT-PCR),and the expressions of AQP-1,3,5 protein were detected by using.immunohistochemistry(IHC).One each specimen,these tests were repeated for six times.ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.Results RT-PCR and IHC showed that when AT Ⅱ treated with 1 μg/mL LPS for 4 hours,the AQP-1,3,5 mRNA and the expressions of AQP-1,3,5 protein were significantly decreased in LPS group compared with control group(P＜0.01).However,the AQP-1,3,5 mRNA and the expressions of AQP-1,3,5 protein after application of LXA4 significandy increased in LPS+LXA4 group in comparison with LPS group(LPS+LXA4,AQP1:0.647±0.132,AQP3:0.900±0.856,AQP5:0.879±0.058;LPS,AQP1:0.297±0.133,AQP3:0.512±0.113,AQP5:0.647±0.110;P＜0.01).The AQP-1,3,5 mRNA and the expressions of AQP-1,3,5 protein were aignificandy increased in LXA4 group in comparison with control group(LXA4,AQP1:0.539±0.142,AQP3:0.818 4-0.176,AQP5:0.841±0.066;Blank Control,AQP1:0.518±0.139;AQP3:0.138±0.136,AQP5:0.766±0.066;P＜0.01).Conclusions AQP-1,3,5 exist in typeⅡpenumonoeyte of rata,and the LXA4 can up-regulate the mRNA and protein expressions of AQP-1,3,5 in Type Ⅱ penumonocytes of rats treated with LPS. Key words: Lipoxins A4(LXA4); Aquaporins(AQPs); Alveolar typeⅡcells; LipolMysaccharide(LPS)

Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β1 and its receptor in neonatal rats after brain ischemia

Objective To address the neuroprotective mechanism of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)on ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats.Methods Sixty-six brain ischemia models of 3-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were made by occluding bilateral common carotid artery.The models were randomly divided into two groups:trial group and control group with 33 rats in each group.The rats of trial group were administrated bFGF 5μg/d through intraperitoneal injection,3 days consecutively.The other thirty-three rats were taken into the sham operation group.The number of gtial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)positive cells in the subventricular zone of rata'brain was observed with immunofluorescence assays at the 4th,7th and 14th days after the operation.The mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)and its receptor Smad2 in the subventricular zone were examined by real-time PCR assays at the above mentioned time points respectively.Results (1)The number of GFAP positive cells in the subventricular zone of the sham operation group was highest at the 7th day(325.4±52.5),and it reached peak at the 14th day in the control group(533.5±75.7)and the trial group(727.2±104.5),there was a significant difference in three groups at each time point(P＜0.01).(2)TGF-β1 and Smad2 mRNA expression peaked at the 7th dayin control group(7.67±1.22,6.22±1.92,respectively),and it reached peak at the 14th day in the trial group(8.65±1.02,7.67±1.41,respectively),there was a significant difference in three groups at each time point(P＜0.01).Conchtsions Exogenous bFlGF could increase the number of astrocytes by inducing the expression of TGF-81 in the subventricular zone of neonatal rats after brain ischemia. Key words: Fibroblast growth factor 2; Brain ischemia; Transforming growth factor beta; As-trocytes; Rats

The significance of TFPI test in Pre-DIC state of rats

Objective This pre-DIC rat models were constructed by injecting LPS in order to reveal the relationship and significance among tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI),platelet, fibrinogen, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. Methods Enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay was used to detect blood plasma TFPI in pre-DIC state rats(n=16),DIC state rats(n=8)and health rats(n=8).Platelet, fibrinogen, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in the same rat were detected. Results TFPI increased first(pre-DIC state)and then decreased(DIC state)in the blood plasma of rata, but the levels of TFPI were always higher than that in the normal state. Conclusions TFPI is more sensitive and accurate to monitor the pro-DIC state than routine examination, which is very useful in the early diagnosis of pre-DIC state. Key words: Thromboplastin; Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Rabbit muscle aldolase as a catalyst in organic synthesis

Abst6ct : p-Fructosc-1,6-b isphosphate a ldo lase f rom rabbi musc le (RA tA, EC 4.1.2 l3) is a synthet ica l ly uscfu lcata lys for the stcreoselective aldolcbndensation between dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP, l) and aldehl 'des having a rangc of structurcs. This paper dcmonstratcs that more than 50 aldehydcs [in addition to its natural substratc, >glyccraldehyde 3-phcPFtc' G-3-P (2) l arc iu6st ra tes for RAMA. Unhindered a l iphat ic , a-heteroarom-subst r tu ted, an d i f ie rent ia l ly protectcd.a lkory and amino aldehydes are substi tutes;sterical ly hindercd al iphatic and a,6-unsaturated aldehydes are not. Aromatic aldehydcs are either poot t substrates or they do not react. Phosphorylated aldehydcs react more rapidly than thcir unphosphorylated counterparts, and aldehydes substi tuted in the a posit ion with an electroncgative group react more rapidl l ' than unsubsti tutcd al iphatic aldehydes. Pcrmissible variat ions in ie structure of the DHAP moiety' are much more restr icted; only two-I,3' d ihydroxy-2-butanone 3-phosphate (68) and 1,4-d ihydroxy-3-butanonel -phosphonate (69)-o f I I DHAP analogues tcs tcd weic substrates for RA\{A. neVn is stable under tire reattion conditions used in synthetic applications: it withstands organic cosolvents (up to 207o D\1SO or EIOH); i can be uscd in immobil ized iorm, in soluble form, or enclosed within a mcmbranc; i is a lso a i r -s tab le . Synthcscs of 5 ,6-d ideoxy-Dthreo-2-hexulose l -phosphate (82) ,5-O-methy l -Df ructose (85) , o-xy lu lcc (8t), and peracetylatedvglycero-o-altru2-octulose (91) on scales of 4 mmol-l moldemonstrate practical appl icat iongf thit catalyt ic synthetic methodoiogy. In a l imited srudy of kinetic diastereoselectivi ty, RAMA exhibits useiul select ivi ty in tyo cascsl * i i r (*)-glyccraldchydc 3-phosphate [2; 20: ' l rat io, the major isomer being >fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (3)] andwilh (+)-2-(benzyloxyipropanal [19; 3:t rai io, i r i major isomer being (S,S,R)-5-(benzyloxy)-3,4-dihydroxy' l-(phosphon*xl) ' h.*n-i-on. igtlj 'When 1+j-f -hydroxybuunal (lm) reacs with DHRP, high thermodynamic diasterecelectivity was sbccnrcd: the ratio of the two stcrcoisomers (ror to lo{) is 97:3 and the major isomer is 5,?-didcoxy-t-gluco2-heptulopyrance l'phcpbatc (103) .

¿Igual o diferente? Una exploración de los efectos conductuales de las benzamidas

La investigacion moderna en farmacologia conductual involucra la evaluacion de nue­vos compuestos, buscando semejanzas con algunas drogas de referencio,. Snt embargo, para detectar posibles efectos inesperados> se deben buscar efectos diferentes mas bien que si­milares, con respecto a drogas conocidas. En el ~bttsente trabajo se evaluaron los efectos conductuales de dos benzam idas, la sulpirida y la tiaprida, enfatizando los rasgos que 1 as diferencian de otras drogas. Se emplearon ratas y gatos como sujetos y se mantuvo la ejecucion por medio de programas aversivos y de reforzamiento positivo. Las benzamidas exploradas no se ajustan simplemente a los marcos clasificatorios de la psicofarmacologia actual, puesto que “arias diferencias fueron evidentes con respecto a los efectos conduc­tuales de compuestos bien conocidos.

On the use of an electron cyclotron for the rapid photon activation analysis of ore samples for gold

The abundance of gold in nature is very small . Its average content in the ear th ' s co re is 5 9 10 -7 wt.%, reaching 10-5-10 -2 wt.% in gold ores . Therefore for the determination of the gold content in samples of minera l s , rocks , and ores during prospect ing and for surveying s t ra ta it is n e c e s s a r y to use ext remely sensi t ive highly efficient analytical methods. For example, lust in prospect ing atone each year many s a m ples f rom newly discovered la rge scale gold ore deposits must be analyzed for gold, somet imes amounting to at least ten thousand per year . In order to obtain resul ts for the analysis of samples for gold, which is ve ry i r r egu la r ly distributed in ore bodies, it is n e c e s s a r y to take la rge samples (ten or even one hundred grams) . Therefore the problem of finding new rapid methods of mass analysis for gold in representa t ive ore samples becomes t imely.