Rat Pest Research Articles

Geospatial Analysis of Abiotic and Biotic Conditions Associated with Leptospirosis in the Klaten Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.

The Klaten Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia, is a leptospirosis endemic area. The purpose of this study is to spatially describe the abiotic and biotic environmental factors that contributed to the incidence of leptospirosis in the Klaten Regency in 2018. This was a descriptive observational with a cross-sectional approach conducted in the Klaten Regency, Central Java, in 2019 with 59 respondents. The results revealed that the percentage of abiotic environmental factors such as poor waste disposal facilities, poor gutter conditions, rivers < 200 m, and flooding history, namely 35.6%, 41.2%, 54.2%, and 6.8%, respectively. The highest leptospirosis cases occurred in April 2018, with 325 mm of rainfall, an average temperature of 27 °C, an average humidity of 82.3%, and an altitude of 100-200 MASL (79.7%). Meanwhile, biotic factors included rat nest existence (100%), having pets at risk (32.2%), and ≥three types of vegetation (79.7%). The main result confirmed that all leptospirosis cases had rat nests throughout the respondent's house. This finding emphasizes the importance of rat pest control programs by establishing cross-sectoral collaboration with the Department of Agriculture and educating the public to also play a role in environmental cleanliness in controlling rats.

Design Smart Farming in Rice Field for Monitoring Soil Fertility and Pest Rate Using Internet of Things

Rice fields in Indonesia have a strategic role in providing food for the Indonesian population. The Central Statistics Agency (BPS) noted that domestic rice consumption also continues to increase, 98.35% of households in Indonesia consume rice. There are many influencing factors for production rice such as pest, climate change. The aim to optimize rice production by monitoring soil moisture and soil pH and adding protection features to detect rat pests. This tool was built using an Internet of Things-based system integration method, where the system output can be monitored on the blynk and email applications for the reading history of rat pests if they are caught on camera. The results obtained from the system are Soil moisture sensor readings have a system accuracy of 99% with an error value of 0.01. And the pH sensor reading has an accuracy of 99% with an error of 0.015. The most optimal PIR sensor reading is 1 meter and this data is sent simultaneously with the camera sensor via email. Monitoring data on rice agricultural land by adding rat pest protection features, as well as historical data can be captured wellcan provide a strong basis for the development of more effective and sustainable.

Tyto alba Cultivation in Balinese Cultural Perspective

Rat infestation (Rattus argentiventer) in Subak Pagi and Subak Bengkel, Tabanan regency, Bali has resulted in rice crop failure in both areas. Rice production decreased drastically to only about 10 - 20% of normal conditions. The utilization of Tyto alba as a biological control of rat pests, turns out to be able to play a very effective role in controlling pest attacks. In nature, Tyto alba population continues to decline due to hunting and agricultural land clearing. This research aims to study the cultivation of Tyto alba, especially from a cross-generational cultural perspective. Generations are grouped by year of birth with a range of 20 years, from 1960 - now, into generations X, Y and Z, respectively. The research used descriptive qualitative method, through depth interview approach and forced field analysis. The results showed that there are four supporting factors for the cultivation of Tyto alba as a rat pest control, namely first Tyto alba is very effective in controlling rat pests. Another supporting factor is that Tyto alba has actually been known for a long time by the people in the two subak and has a belief value system in the life of the subak community, as well as environmentally friendly and able to maintain the food chain. There are four inhibiting factors in Tyto alba conservation efforts, namely, the lack of committed breeding officers, availability and management of food, land for preservation and development and very limited financial support. Analysis forced field concludes that, cross-generational public perception in the acceptance of Tyto alba as a biological control of rat pests is very positive. However, preservation efforts with a breeding system cannot be done in both subak at this time. Efforts to preserve and develop Tyto alba are carried out by releasing it in nature with conservation protection through village regulations.

Determining Rice Farming Risk Priorities in North Aceh Regency.

North Aceh is the main rice-producing district in the Indonesian province of Aceh. This research aims to determine the level of risk, the impact of risk, and the risks that must be prioritized in rice farming businesses in North Aceh Regency. The type of data used in this research is primary and secondary data. Data was collected using a survey method involving 180 respondents using a snowball sampling technique. The data analysis method used in this research is the Risk Calculator method. Risk Calculator is a method for determining priority risks. We found that the risks that need to be a top priority are bird pest attacks, rat pest attacks, Kresek disease attacks, blast disease attacks, and the risk of expensive farm labor wages and high harvest costs.

The Analysis of Social Facts in “The Plague” by Albert Camus

This research aims to analyze the social facts and interpret quotes that express them in the novel "The Plague" in Oran City, Algeria, and the impacts on society. In this research, the writer used a qualitative method; the data was collected by reading the novel and analyzed using a sociological approach. As the result of this research, there are nine social facts from the book: Social Conditions (Society and Environment), Rat Pest, Health Committee, Epidemic/Plague, Prevention/ Government Rules, Lockdown, and Religious Activities (Prayers and Sermons).

Sosialisasi Pemanfaatan Teknologi Internet of Things untuk Menjaga Sawah dari Serangan Hama Tikus

In the agricultural sector, especially rice fields, rat pest control is a serious challenge for farmers because of its negative impact on crop yields. This activity aims to provide knowledge to the public about the use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology so that people are aware and try to apply the technology to repel rat pests in rice fields. The method used in this activity is the PAR (Participatory Action Research) method. As a result of this activity, the community gained knowledge about IoT in order to reduce plant damage due to rat attacks.

Training on Making Rat Empos Explosions, Application, and Introduction of Active Rat Holes in Binturu Village, Kelua District, Tabalong Regency, South Kalimantan

Rats are the main pests on rice plantations. The presence of rat pests in rice plantations begins at the time of vegetative age rice plants and peaks during the generative phase. The availability of feed sources in the form of rice grains that contain high carbohydrates causes rice planting to be inseparable from the presence of rat pests. Efforts to suppress rat pest populations around rice plantations are the first step in increasing production yields. Improper rat pest control will cause rats to bait strap. The nature of bait jerks by rats makes repeated use of rodenticides no longer effective. The utilization of rat empos explosions in active holes is expected to have a significant influence in suppressing rat pest populations in rice plantations. The results of community service show the enthusiastic attitude of farmer groups in Binturu Village, Kelua District, Tabalong Regency, South Kalimantan.

Introduction of Rats Pest Control Using Trap Barrier System (TBS) in Farmer Group

Abstract. Rats are the main agricultural pests and one of the factors causing crop failure for farmers, especially in Pademawu. Farmers generally use pest control methods using poisons that can pollute the agricultural environment. The application of the Trap Barrier System (TBS) is needed to overcome the rat pestproblem. The service aims to increase partners' insight into implementing rat pest control using TBS. Community service activities in the form of outreach and training. The method used is descriptive quantitative, namely data collection through filling out questionnaires including knowledge skills, level of interest, posttest and pretest for partner knowledge evaluation. The results of the participant's assessment of the benefits of the training through Evaluation of farmers' understanding of the application of TBS technology showed results of 82%. The assessment shows the skills and insights obtained by the farmers are in the good category after carrying out the activities. The participants also showed interest in participating in the activities shown by the participants actively asking and listening during the discussion. TBS has been proven to be able to reduce the level of rat attack on rice by up to 80% so that farmers are interested in using the TBS trap system. Even so, the TBS system cannot break the life cycle of rats and further guidance is needed regarding sustainable cropping and cultivation patterns to overcome this in the farmers' environment in East Pademawu Village.

Efficacy of cholecalciferol rodenticide to control wood rat, Rattus tiomanicus and its secondary poisoning impact towards barn owl, Tyto javanica javanica

Studies were conducted on the potential use of cholecalciferol as an alternative to anticoagulant rodenticides to control common rat pest in oil palm plantations, i.e., wood rats, Rattus tiomanicus, and the secondary poisoning impact of cholecalciferol on barn owls, Tyto javanica javanica. The laboratory efficacy of cholecalciferol (0.075% a.i.) was compared with commonly used first-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (FGARs): chlorophacinone (0.005% a.i) and warfarin (0.05% a.i). The 6-day wild wood rat laboratory feeding trial showed cholecalciferol baits had the highest mortality rate at 71.39%. Similarly, the FGAR chlorophacinone recorded a mortality rate of 74.20%, while warfarin baits recorded the lowest mortality rate at 46.07%. The days-to-death of rat samples was in range of 6–8 days. The highest daily consumption of bait by rat samples was recorded for warfarin at 5.85 ± 1.34 g per day while the lowest was recorded in rat samples fed cholecalciferol, i.e., 3.03 ± 0.17 g per day. Chlorophacinone-treated and control rat samples recorded consumption of about 5 g per day. A secondary poisoning assessment on barn owls in captivity fed with cholecalciferol-poisoned rats showed after 7 days of alternate feeding, the barn owls appeared to remain healthy. All the barn owls fed with cholecalciferol-poisoned rats survived the 7-day alternate feeding test and throughout the study, up to 6 months after exposure. All the barn owls did not show any abnormal behavior or physical change. The barn owls were observed to be as healthy as the barn owls from the control group throughout the study.

Farmer Community Empowerment Through Training on Making Simple Rice Husk Briquettes to Control Rice Rat Pest

Farmer Community Empowerment Through Training on Making Simple Rice Husk Briquettes to Control Rice Rat Pest

Anticoagulant rodenticide use in oil palm plantations in Southeast Asia and hazard assessment to non-target animals.

Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are used worldwide for the control of rodent pests and are the main method of control of rat pest populations in agricultural areas. The main aim of this review is to discuss the risk of ARs to non-target wildlife in oil palm areas in Southeast Asia, mainly Indonesia and Malaysia. We discussed AR use in oil palm areas and toxicities of ARs on target and non-target animals. We also reviewed published literature on wildlife species reported in oil palm areas in Southeast Asia and utilizing this information, we assessed the hazard risk of ARs to non-target wildlife in oil palm plantations. ARs are a secondary exposure hazard to rodent-consuming mammalian carnivores, such as leopard cats and civets, and rodent-consuming raptors, such as barn owls. Consumption of dead poisoned prey puts scavengers, such as water monitors, at high risk for AR exposure. Domestic livestock and granivorous birds are at high risk for AR exposure via primary exposure to toxic bait, while omnivores such as macaques and wild pigs are at moderate risk for both primary and secondary exposure to ARs. The effects of ARs on barn owls have been well studied in the field and in laboratory secondary toxicity studies. Thus, the nest-box occupancy and reproductive parameters of local barn owl populations can be monitored as an indicator of the AR exposure level in the area. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: No clinical trials were involved in this study.

Pemanfaatan Umbi Gadung untuk Pengendalian Tikus di Desa Jatiwates Kecamatan Tembelang Jombang

Utilization of Gadung Tubers (Dioscorea hispida) for Control of Rats, was carried out in Jatiwates Village, Tembelang District, Jombang Regency, from Octobe, 28 to Novembe, 08 2021. The partner for emporwerment community activities is the Farmers Group Association (GAPOKTAN) Jatiwates Village, Tembelang District. While the target audience is the farmers who are members of the farmer group as many as 25 participants. The objectives are; 1) provide information about the use of gadung tuber as raw material for controlling rat pests, 2) increase development in utilizing gadung tuber extract for controlling rats in food crops in Jatiwates Village, Tembelang District. The expected outputs are; 1) the farming community can know about the use of gadung tubers as raw material for controlling rat pests, 2) the use of gadung tuber extract for controlling rats, is expected to help and complete strategies for controlling rats to the maximum and reducing the impact of poisoning and environmental pollution. The results of the activity resulted in a fairly good difference in knowledge and skills after the target audience received socialization and training, namely 37% and 19%. The attitude towards the effectiveness of the rat birth control pill was around 15%. Further these implementation needs to be done in providing information and training on rat pest control strategies to farmers. In addition, testing the success of this rat birth control pill needs to be done, considering that environmental factors such as rainfall and stagnant water affect the effectiveness of giving birth control pills.

Role of The Barn Owl Tyto alba javanica as a Biological Agent For Rat Pest Control in The Oil Palm Plantation of Bumitama Agri Ltd.

The Rat was one of the main pests in oil palm plantations cause able to significantly reduce oil palm yield. This research aimed to know the role of T. alba in controlling rat pest attacks in oil palm plantations. Observations were made on estates that had different ratios/hectare of T. alba nest boxes such as Pantai Harapan Estate (1:54), Kruing Estate (1:80), and Sungai Mirah Estate (1: 162). The presence of T. alba was observed every month at each nest box. The attack rate of rats was observed every month during January – December 2020 through a census attack in each plant block. Kruing estate was the highest nest box occupancy rate of T. alba of 37 %. The occupancy rates of Pantai Harapan Estate and Sungai Mirah Estate were 31% and 6%, respectively. While the rate of rat attacks in Pantai Harapan Estate, Kruing Estate, and Sungai Mirah Estate were 0.70 % a, 0.60 % a, 2,30 % b, respectively. The barn owl T. alba can control the attack of rats naturally and reduce the use of rodenticide. Rodenticide applications at Bumitama Agri Ltd for rat pest control in 2020 also decreased by 45% when compared to applications in 2019.

POTENSI BIJI JARAK PAGAR SEBAGAI RODENTISIDA ALAMI

[JATROPHA SEED POTENTIAL AS A NATURAL RODENTICIDE]. The controlling of rat's pest attacks often use chemical control that adversely affects non-target animals and leaves a residue for the environment. One of the recommended controls is to use natural rodenticides derived from jatropha seeds and do not harm non-target animals that are environmentally friendly. This research aims to determine the interaction and the best combination of bait mixed with jatropha seeds on the death of Mus musculus, as well as the type of bait and the best dose of jatropha seeds on the death of Mus musculus. The design in this study used a completely randomized design consisting of two factors, the first factor was the bait and the second factor was the dose of jatropha seeds. The results showed that there was an interaction between the type of bait and the dose of jatropha seeds on the amount of feed consumed by Mus musculus. The combination of bait type and dose of jatropha seeds that was best for the mortality of Mus musculus was found in the treatment of rice flour with 3.0 g of jatropha seeds, cornflour with 3.0 g of jatropha seeds, and fish meal with 3.0 g of jatropha seeds. The best dose of jatropha seeds in reducing the bodyweight of Mus musculus, accelerating the time of death, and increasing the percentage of death was 3.0 g of jatropha seeds with an average decrease in body weight of Mus musculus reaching 75%, and the fastest death for five days, and able to kill 100% of Mus musculus.

The Design of Microcontroller-Based Detection Tools and Rat Pest Repellent on Rice Seeds

The control of rat pest in rice nurseries to obtain increased production continues to be done. In an effort to overcome the problem of rat pest various alternative controls have been carried out, both in technical culture, physical mechanics, and chemically. To reduce the undesirable effects of using chemicals to control rat pets, it is necessary to use other alternative rat pets control. Based on these problems, this study conducted various test to create a design that could be used to repel rat pests. The method used includes electrical and systematic design. The steps taken include the sate of literature study then designing, manufacturing hardware and software integrating the system and testing and analyzing the system. Considering these theories, it can find out the programming of microcontrollers, LDR sensors, Cameras, Internet Networks, NE555, Solar Panels, and Accu.This study uses several tests, including testing the LDR sensor, Camera, Internet Network, NE555, Solar Panel and Accu. LDR sensor is functions to detect rat objects, cameras to take video directly, internet network to send video from the microcontroller to the user, NE555 to emit ultrasonic soungd waves to repel rat pests, solar panels as a source of electrical energy, and accu as electrical energy storage that produced solar panels. From all of test above we get results when the LDR Sensor detects a rat then the NE555 will emit ultrasonic waves, then the camera sends video via iot to usser.

INTENSITAS SERANGAN HAMA TIKUS BELUKAR (Rattus sp) PADA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) MENGHASILKAN DI KEBUN RAKYAT DESA SUKO AWIN JAYA KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI

Cultivation of oil palm is inseparable from pests. One of the main pests that attack oil palm plants is the rat class which can cause oil palm plantations get a high losses. The aim of this study was to determine the attacktion intensity of the bush rat (Rattus sp) in Oil Palm smallholder at Suko Awin Jaya Village, Muaro Jambi Regency. The research was carried out from February to April 2021 at the oil palm smallholder specifically farmer group“Ridho Ilahi”. The experimental design was unformated trials, and the location was purposively chosen. The location determination of the sample was based on to the initial survey that there was found rats attacktion in this place. Sampling was carried out concurrently at the time fresh fruit bunches harvesting, fruit counting in the bunch, counting the number of fruits eaten by rats, counting good fruit (free from rat pest attacks), and weighing the weight of fresh fruit bunches. Parameters observed were the attacktion level in the land, attacktion intensity, production per hectare, environmental sanitation conditions. The rats attacktion rate of 100%, means that all sample in one stretch of plantation have been attackted by rats, it was indicated by a bite scars on the harvested fresh fruit bunches. The attacktion intensity of the bush rat pest was 23%. The average production was 21.6 tons/hectare/year. The sanitation conditions on the land was partially overgrown with weeds and there were piles of midrib in the area between the certain two path of oil palm tree.

UJI DAYA TARIK PAKAN HAMA TIKUS TERHADAP RODENTISIDA ALAMI YANG MENGANDUNG UMBI GADUNG (Dioscorea hispida)

In an effort to cope with rat pest attacks, most farmers control chemically which is bad for living creatures and leaves residues for the environment. One of the recommended controls is to use natural rodenticides derived from harmless and environmentally friendly gadung tubers. This study aims to determine the effect of the interaction of the basic ingredients of the type of flour with some concentration of the gadung tuber solution to the appeal of white mouse feed. This research was conducted from April to May 2018 at the Laboratory of Agroecotechnology Department of Agricultural Faculty of Lambung Mangkurat University Banjarbaru. The experimental design used was Randomized Block Design of two factors, the first factor was flour base (B) and the second factor was the concentration of the gadung tuber solution (G). The results showed that there was no interaction between flour base material and concentration of gadung tuber solution, but it had a significant effect on single factor that is concentration of tuber bulb solution on all observation variables. The concentration of the best gadung bulb solution in influencing the observed variables of feed consumption, the percentage of death and the time of death of white mice is g1 (30% concentration of the gadung tuber solution), where in the treatment the feed consumed by white mice is 30% from the total feed given, and capable of killing 100% white mice with the fastest death time of 13 days.

TYTO ALBA INOVASI PENGENDALI HAMA TIKUS (Rattus argentiventer) MELALUI PEMBERDAYAAN PETANI PADI SAWAH

Field rats are the main pests of rice plants with the highest level of puso attack, the area of attack by field rats in Garut Regency reaches 1,200 ha or reaches 20-30% of the damage suffered. Controls that are usually carried out by farmers have not shown optimal results and if it is carried out in the long term, it will have a negative impact on the environment. It is necessary to have alternative control techniques that are environmentally friendly, namely by utilizing natural enemies in the form of owls. This study aims to analyze the level of farmer empowerment, analyze the factors that influence farmer empowerment in rat pest control, determine the right strategy in the application of rat pest control, and analyze the effectiveness of owls in controlling rat pests. Data collection in this study was carried out through interviews and giving questionnaires. Descriptive analysis was carried out to analyze farmer empowerment, regression analysis was used to determine the effect of farmer characteristics and external factors on farmer empowerment, descriptive analysis was used to design appropriate strategies for farmer empowerment in rat pest control, and analysis of the effectiveness of owl utilization (Tyto alba). using the n-gain test and independent sample t test. The results of the analysis show that the farmers' knowledge is at a moderate level. The design of the farmer empowerment strategy is to provide information about the benefits of natural enemies and create a demonstration plot. Control of field mice by using owls can be said to be effective

FOOD PREFERENCE AND THE EFFECT OF PREDATOR CUES ON THE FORAGING BEHAVIOUR OF HOUSE RAT (Rattus tanezumi)

&#x0D; The House Rat (Rattus tanezumi) is a major pest in the agriculture and food industry, a carrier of zoonotic diseases, and a source of nuisance to society. Poisoning is not an ecologically desirable method to control the rat population due to its effect on non-target animals. This article reported on the use of predator cues to control the rat’s foraging behavior. Food preference for sugarcane, corn, oil palm fruit, and young coconut flesh was determined first using a modified “cafeteria method” with a central cage connected to four feeding stations by PVC tubes. Then the effect of predator cues (3-D model and call of an owl, a combination of model and call and no predator cue as control) on foraging behavior was tested by manipulating these cues near the feeding station. Giving up density (GUD), which is the amount of food remaining at the feeding stations, was measured in both experimental phases. Treatment means were analyzed using ANOVA and compared using the Tukey test. The finding showed that House Rats preferred young coconut flesh over other test foods. All predator cues increased GUD significantly (p&lt;0.01) but the 3-D model was the most effective. This study suggests a potential use of predator cues to control rat pest.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA KARAKTERISTIK PETANI DENGAN PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP INOVASI PENERAPAN BURUNG HANTU TYTO ALBA SEBAGAI PENGENDALI HAMA TIKUS STUDI KASUS DESA GEMPOL KECAMATAN KARANGANOM KABUPATEN KLATEN

&lt;p&gt;The success of adopting Tyto alba as rat pest control in Gempol village because of not only positive farmers’perception but also farmers’characteristic. The Positive farmers’perception are linear to farmers’belief in adopting Tyto alba innovation for rat pest control. This study aimed to analyze: 1) farmers’ characteristic, 2) farmers’ perception, and 3) the relationship between farmers’ characteristic and farmers’ perception in adopting Tyto alba Barn owl innovation as rat pest control. This study was quantitative with a survey method and conducted in Gempol Village, Karanganom sub-district, Klaten, Central Java. It was chosen because the first village in Klaten uses Tyto alba as rat pest control. A total of sixty farmers were obtained with purposive random sampling. SPSS Statistics 17.0 with Spearman’s rank correlation was applied to make data analysis. The results showed that: 1) Farmers had a positive attitude, strong motivation, and skillful, also social environment were involved to the innovation of Tyto alba as rat pest control. 2) Farmers had a positive perception of the innovation of Tyto alba as a pest control. 3) There was a significant relationship between farmer attitude, motivation, and social environment to Tyto alba innovation as rat pest control. There wasn’t a significant relationship between farmer experience and perception in adopting Tyto alba as rat pest control.&lt;/p&gt;