Rare Case Of Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Articles

Spectrum of neuroendocrine neoplasms of GIT – a histomorphological study in a tertiary care centre

Background. Neuroendocrine neoplasms are diverse in terms of sites of origin, functional status, and degrees of aggressiveness. Since neuroendocrine cells are ubiquitous in the human body, these neoplasms can arise in different organs, with gastrointestinal tract being most frequently involved. The past few years have seen a surge in the diagnosis of these neoplasms, which were earlier considered to be rare. Their nomenclature, classification, and diagnostic criteria are revamped frequently, as new knowledge emerges. Aim. To study the histopathological spectrum of neuroendocrine neoplasms of gastrointestinal tract and assess the immunohistochemical expression of neuroendocrine markers in them. Material and methods. Ours is a descriptive study of the distribution and pathologic characteristics of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms in a tertiary care hospital in Kerala, over a three year period. Neoplasms were categorised based on 2019 updated WHO classification. Results. Among the 59 cases, we observed a male predominance. (Male to female ratio - 1.8:1). Most patients were in 6th and 7th decades of life. Duodenum was most frequently involved followed by rectum and appendix. NET G2 and G1 constituted the predominant histologic grades (47% and 24% respectively). NEC and MiNEN were infrequent. All cases were positive for synaptophysin, with variable positivity for chromogranin. Ki67 helped establish the histologic grade. We also came across a rare case of neuroendocrine tumor with coexisting mucinous neoplasm in appendix. Conclusions. With evolving knowledge and advanced imaging modalities, the incidence of these neoplasms is increasing with time. Histopathology is the mainstay of diagnosis and plays a decisive role in influencing management protocols and prognosis.

A Rare Case of Neuroendocrine Tumor Following Radical Nephrectomy

Highlights: Rare occurrence of a large, well-differentiated primary renal neuroendocrine tumor in a young man. Identifying primary renal NET from the workup and histological examination of renal tumors needs to be done to understand more of this infrequent type of tumor. Abstract: Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) are a diverse range of neoplasms with various biological and histologic features and therapeutic responses. The prevalence of primary renal carcinoids is scarce worldwide. At the moment, complete surgical resection is the primary treatment against primary neuroendocrine tumors of the kidney. Nephrectomy followed by the lymph node dissection is a standard procedure for localized primary renal NETs. Since renal carcinoid tumor is extremely rare, we decided to present a unique case of a 25-years-old male with neuroendocrine renal carcinoid tumor following radical nephrectomy. The results indicated a solid, solitary tumor verified on the frozen section because a postoperative CT–scan showed a recurring mass in the renal fossa following radical nephrectomy. The case emphasized the need to investigate primary renal NET in the workup and histological examination of renal tumors and also contributed to our understanding of this infrequent clinical entity.

Diagnostic challenge in a rare case of neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas

A pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor is a rare disease with varying behavior, clinical, and microscopic appearances. We present a case of neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas in a 63-year-old female. Right from the beginning, our case was a diagnostic challenge from the clinical and radiological perspective. Radiological features can often be misleading and microscopic confirmation is all-important. This case report describes the approach to the diagnosis of such a case combining clinical, radiological, and pathological aspects to ensure proper management of the patient.

Neuroendocrine tumour of colon mimicking psoas abscess: an unusual presentation of an uncommon malignancy

Psoas abscess is a rare disease usually arising due to a benign underlying pathology such as tuberculous disease of spine, Crohn’s disease and diverticulitis. But it can be an uncommon presentation of intra abdominal malignancy. Spontaneous rupture of colon cancer, combined with psoas abscess formation is very rare. Most of these cases have been reported in relation to carcinoma colon. Colon is an uncommon site for neuroendocrine tumors. 70-80% of these tumors are asymptomatic and are found incidentally at the time of surgery or on colonoscopy. Through this article we report a rare case of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of colon in an elderly man presenting as psoas abscess associated with intestinal obstruction.

Glucagonoma as a rare case of neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas: a case report

<br/><b>Introduction:</b> Glucagonoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor with characteristic features such as the presence of the glucagon-producing tumor, diabetes, and necrolytic migratory erythema. <br/><b>Case presentation:</b> the 60-year-old patient was admitted to hospital with periodic pain in the right and middle upper abdominal appearing after eating. Laboratory tests presented a high glucose level and anemia. Tumor of the body and tail of the pancreas passing the organ pouch has been found during the surgery. Diagnosis of glucagonoma was confirmed in histopathological examination in immunohistochemical stainings: a positive reaction was observed with chromogranin, synaptophysin and CEA. The proliferative activity of Ki-67 was less than 1%. Staining for glucagon also was positive so confirmed the presence of neuroendocrine tumor - glucagonoma. <br/><b>Conclusions:</b> Glucagonoma sometimes may occur without characteristic features which may cause delayed diagnosis. Early diagnosis of glucagonoma is important because it increases the chances of successful recovery.

Neuroendocrine tumor of the common bile duct: a case report and review of the literature.

We report a rare case of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) in the common bile duct (CBD). The patient is a 56-year-old female who presented to our department with symptoms of fever but without jaundice. A preoperative examination showed a tumor in the CBD. The tumor volume was almost 5.5 × 4.5 × 4 cm3, which is the biggest NET in the CBD reported on PubMed. The imaging results (computed tomography [CT] and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) were not consistent with CBD adenocarcinoma. The tumor appeared to oppress the growth of the CBD rather than originate in the bile duct wall; combined with the low blood bilirubin index and lack of jaundice symptoms, the preoperative diagnosis was not clear. We performed a radical resection of the cholangiocarcinoma. The patient recovered well before going home. The pathology was NET (Grade 2). The patient showed no recurrence to date, without intravenous chemotherapy (8 months).

Tumour of the lowest probability

AbstractThe diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor, in general, seems to have increased in the recent years, most likely due to better diagnostic modalities. Ampulla represents an uncommon site for the occurrence of neuroendocrine tumor of gastrointestinal tract (0.05%).[1] A carcinoid tumor at the ampulla has varied presentations. Here, we report this rare case of neuroendocrine tumor at the ampulla in a young female presenting as abdominal pain and improving after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

A Rare Case of Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Middle Ear Detected by Gallium-68-DOTANOC-PET/CT

A 30-year-old man with suspected neuroendocrine tumor (NET),duetopersistently increasedchromogranin-Aserum levels ( 300 U/L), underwent somatostatin receptor positronemissiontomography(PET)/computedtomography(CT) using Gallium-68-DOTANOC (Ga-DOTANOC-PET/CT) to look for a possible NET. Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT showed a focal area of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake (maximum standardized uptake value, 4.5) corresponding to a 1-cm nodule in the right middle ear (Figure 1). Ga-DOTANOCPET/CT did not detect other areas of pathological increased radiopharmaceutical uptake. Based on this PET/CT finding, the patient underwent surgery. Histology showed the presence of a well-differentiated NET (Figure 2). After surgery, a normalization of chromogranin-A serum levels was observed, and the patient was judged as free from disease. The most frequent sites of NETs are the gastrointestinal tract and the lungs; less often, patients develop NETs in the head and neck region. One particularly uncommon site of origin of NETs in the head and neck area is the middle ear. NETs of the middle ear are usually benign entities; nevertheless, in a small number of cases they may metastasize to regional lymph nodes. The most frequent symptom of the NETs of the middle ear is hearing loss (1–3). A recent meta-analysis demonstrated that somatostatin receptor PET/CT is an accurate diagnostic method in patients with thoracic and gastroenteropancreatic NETs (4). This functional imaging method may also be applied for the evaluation of NETs of uncommon origin (5). Our case demonstrated that Ga-DOTANOC-PET/CT has been very useful in the correct staging of a rare case of NET of the middle ear.

Neuroendocrine tumor of the anal canal

We report a rare case of neuroendocrine tumor of the anal canal and its poor prognosis, plus discuss the need of immunohistochemical for an acurate diagnosis and to guide treatment.

Diffuse Infiltrating Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Uterus: MRI Appearance

AbstractA rare case of neuroendocrine tumor of the uterus is presented. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated diffuse enlargement of the uterus without a discrete mass. The vessels in the myometrium were not distorted. Histologically, tumor cells diffusely infiltrated the myometrium as well