Rapidity Of Development Research Articles

The importance of addressing social inequalities and targeting the undecided to promote vaccination against COVID-19.

The importance of addressing social inequalities and targeting the undecided to promote vaccination against COVID-19.

Knowledge and Risk Perception of COVID-19 and the Willingness to Take COVID-19 Vaccine among Tertiary Institution Students in Jos, Plateau State: a Comparative Assessment of Medical and Nursing Students

Background: Coronavirus disease has assumed increasing public health importance globally, especially in terms of its impact on the health systems and economies. Despite the abundance of information on COVID-19 in the public domain, misinformation is rife and the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine is tainted by controversies and cynicisms. This study compared the knowledge and risk perception of COVID-19 between medical and nursing students in Jos and their willingness to take the vaccine.
 Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study among 186 medical and 129 nursing students in Jos selected through a stratified sampling technique. Data was collected through a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
 Results: Medical students had significantly better knowledge (55.4% vs 5.4%) and risk perception (93.5% vs 47.3%) of COVID-19 compared to the nursing students (˂0.0001). One hundred and fifty seven respondents (71.1%) were vaccine-hesitant and this was worse in the nursing students (82.9%) than in the medical students (62.9%). Lack of trust for a COVID-19 vaccine bothering on its efficacy, safety profile, adverse effects, and rapidity of development and testing were the leading reasons for vaccine hesitancy.
 Conclusion: Medical students had better knowledge and perception of COVID-19 risk than their nursing counterparts. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is high among medical and nursing students. Therefore, further education by school authorities on COVID-19 and the role of vaccines in its control is necessary

Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis in childhood – a case report

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is presence of a blood clot in the dural venous sinuses. This is a rare, but dangerous condition. CSVT is characterized by a highly variable clinical spectrum, difficult diagnosis, variable etiologies and prognosis. The International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis (ISCVT) determined the frequency of the sites of SCVT. The aim of this case study was to show the clinical presentation, the examination we made, the therapy that was ordinated and the outcome of the treatment. Case study: A 14-year-old male teenager was admitted to the University Clinic for Neurosurgery in Skopje with GCS 10, accompanied with tonic-clonic epileptic seizures. CT examinations by systems were made, and during the time of recording the patient was given Dormicum 2mg overall dose. CT scan of the brain showed hyperdense zones formation around superior sagittal sinus (SSS), the rest of the medical finding was normal. We ran laboratorytests and the test for hemostasisshowed deviation from the normal range. With the ordinated therapy the clinical condition of the patient drastically improved. He was discharged home 12 days after the admission. He was given a recommendation for further check-ups by a transfusiologist and regular visits to our clinic. Occlusion of the cerebral veins and dural venous sinuses may occur on the basis of local trauma, neoplasm or infection. Primary aseptic thrombosis may involve either cerebral veins or dural venous sinuses, or both in combination. The clinical picture and the prognosis of intracranial venous thrombosis probably depend largely on the location, extent, and rapidity of development of the venous occlusion. Conclusion: Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis is a condition that can be manifested with diverse and many symptoms and signs, which often can start unexpectedly and can be life-threatening.

Ecologicals and Culture Concepts in Post-Disasters Housing Design

Post-disaster housing is usually designed with a design that considers only the rapidity of development and cost efficiency without thinking of local cultural and environmental conditions of an area. If this happens continuously, then the local architecture which is a container of local culture and the form of community response to the surrounding environment will slowly be threatened to disappear along with the disaster, which will then be replaced by almost uniform shelter in all places. This study aims to identify ecological and cultural concepts on post-disaster residential design in Ngibikan village that successfully responds to the needs of its inhabitants and blends with the lives of its people. The method used is descriptive qualitative method to explore the concept of ecology and culture on the design in Ngibikan village. Based on the results of the research, it is found that the application of ecological and cultural concepts in the design of post-disaster residential design in Ngibikan village also influenced the success of the design in responding to the needs of the residents and responding to the natural conditions. It is expected that the post-disaster reconstruction process in Ngibikan village can serve as an example for the reconstruction process in the future so that the reconstruction process will not only be an effort to fulfill residential needs for disaster victims but also an effort to preserve local architecture which is a container of local culture and form of community response to the condition environment in an area.

СКОРОСПЕЛОСТЬ МЕСТНЫХ ОБРАЗЦОВ ЯРОВОГО ЯЧМЕНЯ (Hordeum vulgare L.) ИЗ СТРАН ЮГО-ВОСТОЧНОЙ АЗИИ И БЛИЖНЕГО ВОСТОКА

Barley grain and green mass are the most valuable concentrated fodders, rich both with complete protein and starch. A search for adaptive sources of precocity in barley, which can be involved in plant breeding, remains a challenge. In field experiments, we studied the earing rate in 884 samples of spring barley from South-East Asia and the Middle East, deposited in the VIR World Collection (N.I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry, Russia). The samples originated from China (k-3307, k-15881, k-15882, k-18440), India (k-10578, k-25469), North Korea (k-27192, k-30583), and Japan (k-5180, k-6995, k-10922, k-10931) were identified as the sources of precocity. According to prevalence of such forms in the area, the countries, from which the tested samples originated, ranged as follows: Japan > North Korea > China ³ India > Pakistan ³ Afghanistan ³ Mon-golia. To unify the data, «the proportion of the standard» was used as a parameter, calculated as a ratio of an average shoots-to-earing period in standard variety DL36a to the corresponding period for each sample registered in the same year. On the basis of «proportion of the standard» all studied samples were ranked by the rapidity of development. In each sample, a paratypic variability of shoots-to-earing period was estimated and its effect to the trait analyzed.

The Inter-Life project: researching the potential of art, design and virtual worlds as a vehicle for assisting young people with key life changes and transitions

ABSTRACT Careers work in the twenty-first century faces a key challenge in terms of digital technologies: to evaluate their potential for careers work in challenging settings. Given the rapidity of developments, technologies require evaluation in research innovations and naturalistic settings. Virtual worlds offer potential for careers and guidance work, and the therapeutic domain. To illustrate this, we present examples in which young people explore their feelings and ideas, plans and difficulties, while preparing for film-making. During this they develop important life transition skills. We argue that the power of virtual worlds – to support emotional and cognitive engagement – could be utilised in practice settings. We conclude that they are serious candidates as digital tools in the careers and guidance domain.

Quality of Laryngoscopic View and Rapidity of Development of Intubating Conditions after Atracurium, Vecuronium and Rocuronium: A Randomized Controlled Study

Introduction: The choice of muscle relaxant for endotracheal intubation may be straightforward in selective cases, but in most patients, who are otherwise uncomplicated, poses a dilemma among anesthesiologists and intensivists. The authors examined the most commonly used muscle relaxants (Vecuronium, atracurium and rocuronium) in equipotent doses and compared the most vital parameters, i.e., rapidity of development of clinically acceptable intubating condition and quality of laryngoscopic view. Method: 150 adult patients of 18 to 50 y of age were recruited randomly into 3 equal groups having 50 patients (n=50) in each and equipotent dose of vecuronium, atracurium and rocuronium was administered. Endotracheal intubations were attempted every 30 seconds till excellent or good intubating conditions were achieved upto a maximum of 240 s. The available data were analyzed statistically. Results: The three study groups were comparable in terms of the demographic characteristics. The quality of intubating condition was rated significantly better with Rocuronium than with Vecuronium and Atracurium. Time required to achieve successful intubation was also significantly less with rocuronium than with Vecuronium (107.48 ± 1.98*6.583 s vs. 165.46 ± 1.98*6.790 s) and Atracurium (107.48 ± 1.98*6.583 s vs. 195.43 ± 1.98*6.583 s). Excellent laryngoscopic condition was found in more patients with rocuronium at 60 and 90 s and number of successful intubation was also higher. Conclusion: Therefore, the study confirms that rocuronium produces clinically acceptable intubating condition earlier than the other two drugs and the quality of intubating condition is better in terms of laryngoscopic view.

The Arab Spring

The so-called Arab Spring is one of the most significant sets of events in the Arab Middle East since the end of World War Two. It is likely to unfold over several more years and feature significant realignments within and among all of the countries of the region. It will also dramatically affect relations between regional countries and extra-regional powers with interests in the Middle East.At the outset, any article that seeks to understand the situation and what it may mean must begin with recognition of the fact that the all missed the Arab Spring. Thus, explanations of why this happened and prognostications on where it might be going must be undertaken with humility. As with other momentous events, such as the end of the Cold War, experts failed to anticipate when and how the Arab Spring might happen, even though they knew something was fundamentally rotten with most regional regimes. Why was it such a surprise? To some extent, the problem has to do with the very nature of experts and of expertise. By definition, experts become deeply steeped in the nuances and intricacies of the present order. They become very good at seeing the trees but often lose sight of the forest, and particularly those events that may cause the forest to be suddenly cut down. Rapid, paradigm-shifting events are rare and one can generally, and especially if one is an expert, come up with a myriad of good reasons why they are not likely to happen at any given moment. Such expert prognostications are generally correct, but when they are not, the experts are caught flat-footed.1As one interviewee suggested, one could liken the western analysis of what has happened in the region to at least some aspects of the financial crisis. Subprime mortgages were not sustainable over the longer term; everyone knew this. But in the immediate and year-to-year term, it was in no one's interest to stop or correct the situation or even to allow information to flow to investors who might alert them to the dangers they faced. In the Middle East and north Africa, one saw much the same situation. The model of governance was going to fail at some point. The drivers were not a surprise: these have been well known for some time. Everyone has known that the combination of authoritarian regimes, the rhetoric of democracy, and a high number of relatively educated but unemployed and powerless youth is a recipe for trouble. What surprised everyone, as in the financial crisis, was the trigger for the events, the rapidity of developments, and the connections between events in one country and those in others.It was generally acknowledged by interviewees that the Arab Spring has launched a set of changes in motion that will fundamentally alter the region's course. But it is also true that one needs to take a cautious approach to predicting where this will go. There have been uprisings in the region in the past that have, at least as yet, come to little or nothing in terms of stimulating long-term systemic change. Lebanon in 2005 and Tehran in 2009 are examples. Moreover, we do not as yet know where the countries that have experienced recent change will go. In both Egypt and Tunisia, we have seen changes of the top echelons of the governing regimes, but we have not yet seen fundamental regime change in the sense of the sweeping away of the wider elites and the systems of government and economic control that they have created. Only in Libya does this seem to have happened - at least thus far. Syria remains very much in play. Just as we missed the Arab Spring, so too we must recognize that no one really knows where it is going.This article will explore three main questions: what is happening and why; who the main players are and what they want; and what the implications are for the west.WHAT IS HAPPENING AND WHY?My interviewees attempted to identify the countries that are most at risk of rapid destabilization and the reasons for this. …

A Maternal Factor Unique to Ascidians Silences the Germline via Binding to P-TEFb and RNAP II Regulation

Suppression of zygotic transcription in early embryonic germline cells is tightly linked to their separation from the somatic lineage. Many invertebrate embryos utilize localized maternal factors that are successively inherited by the germline cells for silencing the germline. Germline quiescence has also been associated with the underphosphorylation of Ser2 of the C-terminal domain (CTD-Ser2) of RNA polymerase II [1-3]. Here, using the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi, we identified a first deuterostome example of a maternally localized factor, posterior end mark (PEM), which globally represses germline transcription. PEM knockdown resulted in ectopic transcription and ectopic phosphorylation of CTD-Ser2 in the germline. Overexpression of PEM abolished all transcription and led to the underphosphorylation of CTD-Ser2 in the somatic cells. PEM protein was reiteratively detected in the nucleus of the germline cells and coimmunoprecipitated with CDK9, a component of posterior transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb). These results suggest that nonhomologous proteins, PEM and Pgc of Drosophila [3-5] and PIE-1 of C. elegans [1, 6, 7], repress germline gene expression through analogous functions: by keeping CTD-Ser2 underphosphorylated through binding to the P-TEFb complex. The present study is an interesting example of evolutionary constraint on how a mechanism of germline silencing can evolve in diverse animals.

An Aspect-Oriented Approach for the Development of Complex Simulation Software.

We propose an aspect-oriented approach for the development of simulation software aiming at increasing the exibility, the rapidity of development, and maintainability of simulation software. The horizontal decomposition method is used to separate the core functionality of the simulation application from simulation-specic cross-cutting concerns like distribution, tool integration, persistence, and fault tolerance. We analyze an existing dispersion simulation application to demonstrate the applicability of our approach and provide a proof of concept in form of the aspect-oriented implementation of two cross-cutting concerns, namely distribution and tool integration.

Premier bilan des opérations de restauration et de gestion conservatoires des landes du Moulinel à Saint—Josse (Pas-de-Calais)

The heathlands of Moulinel (Saint-Josse, Pas-de-Calais, France) are of great interest for flora and vegetation in north of France. Following the abandonment of traditional use they were threatened by shrubs at the beginning of the 80's. The Conservatoire des sites naturels du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais (CSN), with the help of the Centre régional de phytosociologie/Conservatoire botanique national de Bailleul (CRP/CBNBL), took several measures to enhance heathland and its flora on the basis of vegetation history and soil seed bank studies. First results show that soil seed bank study for evaluating vegetation capacity of restoration is usefull. Rapidity of development and restoration for some plant populations and some vegetations is pointed out. Quality of the results obtained is also due to the diversity of techniques and tools used for restoration

DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL WORK AND CORE SUBJECTS OF SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION IN THREE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

The goal of the paper is to analyse the development of social work profession and studies in three European countries: Greece, Germany and Lithuania. The comparative method is used. The objects of the analysis are: the origin of social work and its education, foundation of fist schools, and their creators, further development of education, levels and duration of social work education, credits system, the core subjects of studies, practical work and specializations. The findings show that there is a lot of in common, as well as different in the area of social work. Commonalities of social work development were related mostly to each country's social, economical, political transformation that resulted in great changes in terms of the need of professional help and the acceptance of social work profession. Meanwhile differences mainly occurred when analysing the time of emergence of a particular stage and the rapidity of development. It was observed that commonalities in Germany, Greece and Lithuania lie mainly in core subjects of social work, importance of practical training, as well as in numerous specializations offered. Differences come about when looking at the formal system that is based on undergraduate and graduate cycles, and the credits system.

The impact of post-partum haemorrhage in “near-miss” morbidity and mortality in developing countries

The global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of 400 per 100,000 live births results in an estimated 529,000 maternal deaths annually. Most of these deaths occur in developing countries and only about 1% in developed countries. Besides mortality data, the identification and accurate documentation of “near-miss” morbidity (a more sensitive index) is extremely important to assess the quality of health care systems. It can suitably guide to adopt appropriate measures to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity. Haemorrhage remains a major cause of maternal mortality in both developing and developed countries followed by anaemia and infection, which are more common in developing countries. Post-partum haemorrhage (PPH) is a frequent complication of delivery. PPH occurred in 10.5% of all live births worldwide resulting in 13,795,000 cases in the year 2000. The case fatality rate for PPH was 1% and there were 132,000 deaths attributable to PPH. Anaemia as a consequence of PPH was estimated to occur in 1.6 million women every year. Thus, the prevention and adequate management of obstetric haemorrhage are likely to result in a significant reduction in the MMR and in the less frequently monitored “near-miss” morbidity. Strategies to be adopted with regard to PPH in developing countries may differ from those routinely available and practised in developed countries because of limited access to health care facilities and low institutional delivery rate in the former countries. Some low cost, simple techniques to prevent and manage PPH are described. These need to be tested in a wider population to determine which is most suitable for a particular area or country. The mortality and “near-miss” morbidity data should be continually assessed and only then will the impact of these strategies be known. First level midwifery care plus backup by well-equipped hospitals must be developed concomitantly. Anyone can conduct a normal delivery when all is going well but only those with good clinical judgement and the necessary skills will be able to anticipate and manage a problem. This is especially important in the context of PPH where the under-estimation of blood loss coupled with the rapidity of development of serious consequences is the key issue.

Diversity in fertility potential and organo-sulphur compounds among garlics from Central Asia

Extending the collection of garlic (Allium sativum L.) accessions is an important means that is available for broadening the genetic variability of this cultivated plant, with regard to yield, quality, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic traits; it is also an important means for restoring fertility and flowering. In the framework of the EU project ‘Garlic and Health’, 120 garlic accessions were collected in Central Asia – the main centre of garlic diversity. Plants were documented and thereafter maintained in field collections in both Israel and The Netherlands. The collection was evaluated for biological and economic traits. Garlic clones vary in most vegetative characteristics (leaf number, bulb size and structure), as well as in floral scape elongation and inflorescence development. A clear distinction was made between incomplete bolting and bolting populations; most of the accessions in the latter populations produced flowers with fertile pollen and receptive stigma. Wide variations were recorded with regard to differentiation of topsets, their size, number and rapidity of development. Furthermore, significant variation in organo-sulphur compounds (alliin, isoalliin, allicin and related dipeptides) was found within garlic collections and between plants grown under differing environmental conditions. Genetic fingerprinting by means of AFLP markers revealed three distinct groups within this collection, differing also in flowering ability and organo-S content.

Systematic Model Identification of Complex Bioprocesses: Application to a CHO-K1 Cell Culture

Modeling and parameter identification are important prerequisites for state estimation and control of complex biological systems in bioengineering. Due to the great variety of cell lines and the rapidity of developments in genetics, biosystems have to be investigated in a fast and efficient way to identify the major metabolic phenomena. This paper proposes a systematic modeling procedure, which enables the description of the most important experimental settings and biological effects in terms of stoichiometry, kinetics and metabolic regulation. This procedure is successfully applied to the real case of a perfused mammalian cell culture of non-transfected CHO-K1 cells in suspension.

Predictors of the Development of Phobic Avoidance

Panic disorder and agoraphobia are closely linked. There are indications that uncontrolled panic attacks often lead to the rapid development of phobic avoidance, but our ability to predict which individuals with panic will develop avoidance has been limited. The purpose of this study was to identify independent predictors of the development of phobic avoidance and the time course of that development. We conducted a secondary analysis of survey data from the community-based Panic Attack Care-Seeking Threshold Study. The presence of panic attacks was confirmed in 97 randomly selected adults from randomly selected households screened using the Structured Clinical Interview of DSM-III-R (SCID). The presence of limited and extensive phobic avoidance was measured using the SCID, while rapidity of development (lag time) was measured as the difference between onset of panic and onset of avoidance. Predictors considered included panic characteristics, psychiatric comorbidity, cognitive appraisal, family characteristics, illness attitudes, symptom perceptions, and coping style. Thirty-six subjects (37%) had at least mild phobic avoidance, with 81% (N = 29) of those developing the avoidance less than 1 year after the onset of panic attacks. The development of phobic avoidance was associated with the presence of panic disorder (beta = 1.36), the number of comorbid psychiatric disorders (beta = 0.69), and the number of family members and/or friends available to discuss health concerns (beta = 0.87). Further progression to agoraphobia was predicted by the presence of depersonalization during panic attacks (beta = 0.50). Rapid onset of avoidance (panic avoidance lag time < 1 year) was predicted by the perception that depersonalization is a life-threatening symptom (beta = 1.56). The development of phobic avoidance is closely linked to panic attacks and often develops soon after panic onset. Full-blown panic disorder and psychiatric comorbidity are important in this development. Depersonalization is also key to the development of avoidance and the rapidity of the development.

An Object-Oriented Frameworks-based Architecture for Decision Support Systems

Reusability is considered to be the key for achieving productivity and quality in software, and much has been claimed about the particular contributions of the object-oriented paradigm towards the achievement of these goals. Object-oriented frameworks are coarse-grained reuse units, composed of a set of classes specifically designed to be refined and used as a group. In this paper, we discuss the nature of frameworks necessary to build a particular type of systems, namely Decision Support Systems (DSS), and their organization in a generic OO DSS multi-layer architecture. DSS are systems intended to improve the effectiveness of decision making, but information technologies can only have a major impact on decision making if techniques allowing the easy and rapid development of DSS are available. Much benefit is expected in terms of easiness and rapidity of development by constructing DSS from domain-oriented reusable components, as well as in terms of quality of DSS in this way developed.

Where we’re going . . .

It is a little over a year since I first wrote in these pages as the incoming Editor of the American Journal of Physiology: Cell Physiology . A recent meeting with my Associate Editors, along with the Publications Manager/Executive Editor of the American Physiological Society (APS) journals, Brenda

Disorders of perfusion of the anterior segment of the eye.

We have investigated the vascular perfusion of a wide variety of conditions of the anterior segment using fluorescein angiography. The conditions were classified and findings reported according to the system set out below. Patients underwent full ocular examination. Fluorescein angiography of the anterior segment was carried out when indicated to investigate iris atrophy and neovascularisation. Specular microscopy of the corneal endothelium was used to detect changes in this tissue. The hypoperfusion was variable in degree and accompanied by varying degrees of iris hypoplasia and atrophy with neovascularisation. The degree of neovascularisation depended upon its rapidity of development, the pre-existing state of vascular perfusion and the underlying pathological condition. Hypoperfusion with resultant ischaemia and neovascularisation is common in conditions of the anterior segment. An understanding of the changes is valuable in treating many conditions affecting the anterior segment. The changes observed may also occur elsewhere in the physical system and may be a significant part of the ageing process, either as scattered, disparate processes or as part of a general disease process.

295 Follow-up in breast cancer

It is undeniable that an accurate follow-up supplies precise and detailed information about the modes and rapidity of development of metastasis, but it has not been clinically proven that follow-up examination effect the survival time. We can assume that early detection of cancer in the other breast or of a local recurrence can influence the prognosis, allowing a better rate of recovery in these two cases. However, there is no clinical evidence that early diagnosis of metastasis can influence the survival time. Thus clinical and mammographic examinations are a sufficient and necessary combination for the early diagnosis of local recurrences of the disease and for rehabilitation end full return of function, which periodic reassessment of performance status. The results of our randomised study (Jama, May 25, 1994) have confirmed that 6 monthly chest roentgenography and bone scan allow for early diagnosis of intrathoracic and bone metastasis, without influencing the 5 years-survival. It appears that recourse to diagnostic test only in the presence of symptoms is the most appropriate procedure for the follow-up of patients with breast cancer.