Rapid Upper Limb Assessment Method Research Articles

Study of musculoskeletal disorders risk factors and discomfort in sculptors in the north of Mexico

BACKGROUND: The sculpting craft must adopt awkward postures that lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort (MD) and its associations with postural risk factors, demographics, and work characteristics among sculptors. They were determined the differences between MDs during the weeks of the study. METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted; MD was investigated using the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ). Posture was assessed using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment method (RULA). Multivariate logistic regression (MLR) models analyzed associations with different factors. ANOVA was used to test for differences in MD prevalence. RESULTS: The analysis included 585 responses by body region. The prevalence of MD was high in the lower and upper limbs among sculptors (67.6%), with the lower back, upper arm, neck, and knees being the four most affected regions. Gender (female) (OR = 2.15), marital status (married) (OR = 1.80), health risk (obesity), the dual of a secondary job (OR = 1.94), job stress (OR = 2.10), duration of work (OR = 2.01), and difficulty keeping up with work (OR = 2.00) were significant predictors contributing to the occurrence of MD in different body regions. Only shoulder MD prevalence showed significant differences between study weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Sculptors suffer from MD. Demographic and work characteristic factors influence MD prevalence. Postural training, improved adaptation of work organization, and intervention guidance on ergonomic risks may reduce the prevalence of MD and the risk of MSDs in this population.

Analysis and Assessment of Passenger Comfort Level in Sustainable Public Bus Transportation System

Passenger comfort and safety is one of the main factors in making the experience of using public transportation more comfortable and attractive to passengers. This study aims to assess facility design factors such as seats and handrails that are related to ergonomics, in addition to design factors, namely safety factors by identifying and minimizing hazards that can occur to passengers and procedures that need to be carried out in the event of an accident. To assess the comfort of passengers on the bus, it was measured using the Rapid whole-body assessment (REBA) guidelines, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and anthropometry to accurately measure body posture, as well as Quality Function Deployment (QFD). As the result, the new handle and passenger seat were proposed to comply with the ergonomic perspective. How much level of Customer satisfaction increase, can be seen in the result of this research. From using REBA Method there’s a change of score in value from before using our design customer posture got 4 for body posture evaluation score, and after using our design costumer posture score got 3 for body posture evaluation score. From using RULA method there’s a change of score in value from before using our design customer posture got 4 for body posture evaluation score, and after using our design costumer posture score got 2 for body posture evaluation score. It is concluded that the new design work and proof the new design was comply with ergonomic aspect. With this research, it will be beneficial for the sustainability of consumer comfort in Transjakarta public transportation. Because with the realization of the results of this research, improvements in Transjakarta public transportation facilities to support consumer comfort can be achieved and increase customer satisfaction.

Work posture risk comparison of RULA and REBA based on measures of assessment-score variability: A case study of the metal coating industry in Thailand

This study examines the work posture risk comparison of RULA and REBA based on measures of assessment-score variability. During the metal coating process, chemicals were frequently employed, necessitating a heightened level of caution among the employees. The Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaires (CMDQ) revealed the manifestation of physical discomfort among employees. In this study, the rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) and the rapid entire body assessment (REBA) were used to identify ergonomic concerns related to the work of employees in the black oxide coating department of a metal coating firm. The sensitivity of risk assessment between the two methods was investigated, considering the mean and variability of the assessment scores. Consideration was given to the diverse and crucial work positions of employees at each station, focusing exclusively on the standing working posture. In the black oxide coating section, there were 12 steps that 20 workers had to complete. Under the same working postures, the overall average RULA score was determined to be at a high-risk level, whereas the overall average REBA score was at a moderate-risk level. As a result, the RULA method had a greater capacity for risk warning than the REBA method. Levene's test was also applied to determine whether the variances of the risk scores computed using the two techniques were equal. The results of the analysis showed that the variances in the scores using the two methods were not significantly different.

Analysis of Ergonomic Factor Measurement for Transjakarta Bus Drivers

Transjakarta transportation accidents have increased from year to year. Transjakarta buses having an accident can result in the driver not feeling comfortable while driving so that the driver experiences a lack of concentration. Therefore, the authors conducted a study that aimed to investigate the ergonomic factors experienced by Transjakarta bus drivers. The author uses the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method by taking 30 Transjakarta bus driver data and by using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) method by taking 30 driver data using a questionnaire. The results of the RULA method have been used to test the correlation using the Minitab software. The results of the RULA on reaching the steering wheel activity were 3-4 which means that further investigation was needed and may require changes to improve. And for the average time to reach the button was 5-6 which means the need for immediate investigation and change. NBM results show that most of them experience pain in the waist so that it is necessary to improve the position of the waist. Correlation Test Results The activity of reaching the button and the activity of reaching the steering wheel is -0.209 and the P-Value is 0.268 so that the results of an inverse relationship between the activity of reaching the steering wheel and reaching the button are found. The greater the activity reaches the wheel, the smaller the activity reaches the button. The correlation found has a very weak relationship between variables.

E-Airs: Interactive Ergonomic Monitoring System for Work Posture

Work posture and/or position of work is a crucial problem in work system. Unnatural posture will lead to discomfort when doing the task such as pain at part of body such that it will cause accident in the end. This accident will affect level of work performance of the worker so as the work productivity fails achieve a target determined. The failure mode, of course, results in a big loss for a company. This state should be avoided by use of the natural posture by worker in completing a job. However, many workers do not still understand what kind of a natural and unnatural work posture directly. So, this condition has high risk for being occurred the discomfort. Thus, it is important to develop a tool for helping them to identify a certain posture of work. Objective of this study is to design a monitoring system devices to capture and to determine an natural posture of the worker based on ergonomic principles. Rapid Upper Limb Assessment method is applied to determine a risk of work posture. Machine Learning concept is implemented to support in designing a system by also applying python programming language. Result of this study shows that monitoring system devices developed is usable in informing an unnatural posture of worker in completing a job. Thus, this result will beneficial for worker to improve work posture to be natural position so as discomfort can be prevented.

Analisis Postur Kerja Pada Karyawan UD Berkah Gemilang Magetan Menggunakan Metode Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA)

This research was conducted at UD Berkah Gemilang Magetan bread UMKM. UD Berkah Gemilang is an MSME that operates in the food industry whose products are bakpia, sponge cake and peanut bread. This research aims to determine the internal and external conditions that are occurring within UD Berkah Gemilang. This study also analyzes the posture of workers at UD Berkah Gemilang, this analysis is expected to minimize serious injuries to workers at UD Berkah Gemilang Magetan. This research uses the RULA method, with data collection techniques using observation and documentation methods. From the results of the analysis, it was found that the position of workers in the bread dough process section is very dangerous and there must be improvement to avoid excessive muscle injury. In this study, the working posture of the body parts at UMKM UD Berkah Gemilang was evaluated using the RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) method. Based on the score for the workers' body posture in the bread dough process, it is 6, which means that further investigation will change immediately. Meanwhile, the working posture oven process received a score of 4, which means further investigation and changes may be needed.

Work Posture Analysis with REBA and RULA Method on Production Operators Repair and Maintenance of LPG 3Kg at PT. XYZ

Wrong posture while working has an impact on productivity. One of them is the operator's work position in the production department at PT. XYZ pays little attention to natural work attitudes and there are activities that have a fairly high ergonomic risk. As a result, complaints such as pain in the legs, shoulders, knees, neck and even the arms occur. At worst, it can lead to long-term sprains and fractures. It is necessary to analyze work posture using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) methods to determine the level of musculoskeletal hazards and provide improvements to work methods or rearrangement of the work environment. The final score results in the application of REBA and RULA are on the working posture of the both painting sections with scores of 4 and 9, on screen printing on the bottom of the tube scores of 9 and 10, on ring painting results of scores of 10 and 9, on welding results of scores of 7 and 8, and on the installation of seal tape the results of scores 5 and 6 which need to be repaired immediately. Recommendations are given by changing work postures, adding tables and chairs. The operator's attitude and work position are calculated again using the REBA and RULA checksheets. The result is 3 and 3 both painting, 3 and 3 on tube bottom screen printing, 2 and 3 on ring painting, 2 and 3 on welding, 2 and 2 on seal tape installation, which are (acceptable) or acceptable. Keywords: Working Posture Error, REBA, RULA.

Analysis of Working Postures in Rubber Manufacturing Industry by using OWAS and RULA Methods

The basic conditions of working in a healthy and safe workplace are to design the job in accordance with the anthropometric measurements, body strength and personal characteristics of the person, to ensure that the materials, machinery and equipment used in the working process are suitable for the employee's capacity, and to provide an environment that will produce positive psycho-social results. Correct analysis methods should be used and evaluated in order to meet this basic requirement. Identifying the negative effects of working postures, taking corrective measures and improving them is a critical step of an efficient working environment. Working postures that are not properly analyzed cause strain on workers and even discomfort. It provides important contributions in the field of analyzing and improving working postures with scientific methods, controlling work performance and reducing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analyzing System) and RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) are successfully applied in various fields in the analysis of working postures. In this study, it was aimed to determine the MSDs risk levels of the workers working in the rubber industry by OWAS and RULA methods and measures were proposed for these risks. While OWAS analysis was obtained by using expert opinions in the study, CATIAV5R20 program was used for RULA analysis. The study includes the examination of 5 different postures in total. In the OWAS and RULA results of the study, it was seen that the most risky postures are attach the rubber hose to the cores and to place the rubber hoses attached to the cores in the autoclave. The results of the analysis showed that the RULA method is more suitable and reliable than the OWAS method for the analysis of the tasks in the vulcanization process workstations.

USING ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA TO DESIGN A FORTABLE STUDY DESK AND USER POSTURE ANALYSIS WITH THE RAPPID UPPER LIMB ASSESSMENT (RULA) METHOD

The use portable study desk that is designed to be easy moved still make complaints in muscles and bones give risk for posture. Design improvements can be based on measurements results of static anthropometric and dynamic anthropometric to identify the risk of posture. The method used in this reaserch is a Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method to analyze the risk of posture users of portable study desk, while for the design of study desk using anthropometric data, The purpose of this study was to design a portable study table and analyze the risk posture that occur when users use a portable study desk using the RULA method. The results of study show that design desk study using anthropometric data obtained dimensions of 800 mm in length and 420 mm in width. The table height from the floor to the table surface is 220 mm high. a place to put a D100 mm glass, and there is a place to put a 400 mm cell phone or iPad along with a hole for the cable, there is a Diameter 40 mm. The 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional design process uses Catia software. The results of the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) analysis show that the user's posture risk is indicated in green color, which means that there is no posture that needs to be corrected and that posture is acceptable except for the posture muscles (muscles) which are are indicated red color so needed move as soon possible or muscle stretching, this is in line with Osha (2020) who states that static postures are recommended for stretching muscles to avoid muscle fatigue.

Analisis Postur Tubuh Menggunakan Metode RULA, REBA Pada Pekerja di Divisi Packaging

In the process of moving cement products from the packaging department to several trucks, human power is required. Workers who transfer finished cement products from belt conveyors to trucks take a long time to lift heavy workpieces which can cause disturbances in the limbs as a result of repetitive work. Therefore, an analysis is needed that aims to determine the level of safety of work postures as a basis for improving the work posture of workers. In analyzing body posture, the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) methods are used. The results of the study found that the analysis of worker posture using the RULA method was 7, this indicates that the job requires investigation and changes to SOP. Based on the REBA score of 6, it indicates that the work has a moderate risk level, with an action level of 2 and further action for evaluation of the work system needs to be carried out. Changes to the work system are made in order to minimize the risk of musculoskeletal complaints in workers so that it will affect the level of worker productivity.

Posture Analysis With Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) Method at Students of Three Study Programs in Sari Mulia University

The spread of COVID-19 cases is taking place in a very fast time so that it has an impact on all sectors. One of the sectors affected is educational institutions. To prevent the spread of COVID-19 cases, all learning processes are carried out with an online learning system. Online learning causes an increase in sitting activities rather than standing activities, specially activity in front of a smartphone or laptop. Sitting activities that last for a long period of time can result in ergonomic risks. The purpose of the study was to analyze posture using the RULA method. Research was conducted on students of three study programs, namely Industrial Engineering, DIV-Health Promotion and Management with respondents 53 people. This study was conducted with a survey to see the posture of students when attending online lectures. From the results of the study obtained that the posture of students with RULA worksheet is in the range of 4 to 7. For rula score is mostly at a score of 6 as many as 24 students (45.28%). For RULA scores with scores of 5 and 7 as many as 10 people (18.86%). And rula score at a value of 4 as many as 9 people (16.98%).

IDENTIFIKASI RISIKO ERGONOMI PADA PEKERJA UD. SATRIA TAHUN 2021

UD. Satria is an industry engaged in the manufacture of sandals that has been in production since the 1980s, which is located in the Waru area, Sidoarjo. UD. Satria accepts the production of sandals according to demand such as children's sandals or adult sandals as well as being a distributor for big shops in Sidoarjo and also online shops. In running this sandal business industry, UD. Satria has 7 workers who work 8 hours per day and still use manual processes in their production. Which means it has the potential for musculoskeletal complaints. Observation and data collection carried out is primary data collection. Which is where the data obtained directly from the respondents. After the field survey, it was found that it was necessary to collect data on Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) using a questionnaire using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) method and followed by measuring work posture using the RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) method. Many workers complain of back and neck pain, it can be caused by the wrong work posture. Therefore, an ergonomic risk assessment was carried out, with the aim of identifying the level of complaints of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). As well as making efforts to reduce the risk of MSDs complaints that can affect the productivity level of UD. Satria workers.

ANALISIS POSTUR KERJA MANUAL MATERIAL HANDLING (MMH) MENGGUNAKAN RAPID UPPER LIMB ASSESSMENT (RULA) DI PT.XYZ

The use of human labor in the industrial world in Indonesia is still very dominant, especially in Manual Material Handling (MMH) activities. The activity of bending and twisting in the workplace while doing MMH should be reduced or even if possible this activity should be eliminated because this attitude is prone to causing disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Considering that MMH activities have a vital role in the work carried out in the production process section, therefore the researcher will conduct an analysis of the Manual Material Handling (MMH) work posture using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). RULA is a work posture research method to investigate disorders of the upper limbs. The results of the work posture analysis based on the results of the assessment using the RULA method stated that all manual material handling activities assessed above required corrective action or efforts. In the shuttle area, the final score for the action category obtained is 7 with a high risk level and the action that must be taken is action now. In the Pirn Winder area, the final score for the action category obtained is 6 with a moderate risk level and the action that must be taken is action in the near future. In the vacuum heat setter area, the final score for the action category obtained is 7 with a high level of risk and the action that must be taken is action now.

Continuous ergonomic risk perception for manual assembly operations using wearable multi-sensor posture estimation

PurposeThis paper aims to perform the real-time and accurate ergonomics analysis for the operator in the manual assembly, with the purpose of identifying potential ergonomic injuries when encountering labor-excessive and unreasonable assembly operations.Design/methodology/approachInstead of acquiring body data for ergonomic evaluation by arranging many observers around, this paper proposes a multi-sensor based wearable system to track worker’s posture for a continuous ergonomic assessment. Moreover, given the accurate neck postural data from the shop floor by the proposed wearable system, a continuous rapid upper limb assessment method with robustness to occasional posture changes, is proposed to evaluate the neck and upper back risk during the manual assembly operations.FindingsThe proposed method can retrieve human activity data during manual assembly operations, and experimental results illustrate that the proposed work is flexible and accurate for continuous ergonomic assessments in manual assembly operations.Originality/valueBased on the proposed multi-sensor based wearable system for posture acquisition, a real-time and high-precision ergonomics analysis is achieved with the postural data arrived continuously, it can provide a more objective indicator to assess the ergonomics during manual assembly.

Investigation of office workers’ sitting behaviors in an ergonomically adjusted workstation

Objectives. Common ergonomic office workstations are designed for a few optimum postures. Nonetheless, sitting is a dynamic activity and the ideal sitting posture is rarely maintained in practice. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the sitting behavior of office workers in an actual working environment using ergonomically adjusted workstations to examine whether they promote maintaining appropriate sitting postures. Methods. Sitting behaviors (frequency of postures and position changes in different body parts) were explored among 26 office workers during a 60-min sitting duration, using the posture recording and classification method developed by Graf et al. The rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) method was also used to assess postural load. Then, the results of the RULA method were compared with the results from investigating the sitting behavior of office workers. Results. Common ergonomic workstations were effective in eliminating some awkward postures. However, some important risk factors such as holding postures with an inappropriate lumbar spine curve (86% of the observations) and maintaining a posture for a long time (for 7–12 min) were observed in the participants’ sitting behaviors, while they were neglected in the RULA method. Conclusions. The common ergonomic workstations could not guarantee the users’ appropriate sitting behaviors.

Posture Analysis With REBA And RULA Methods At PT. PAGILARAN Batang Central Java

Abstract One of the levels of worker productivity is influenced by work posture. Work posture is an important aspect that needs to be considered in the industrial world, especially in the production process activities. Movement errors that are carried out repeatedly over a long period of time will cause fatigue of musculoskeletal disorders (loading errors on muscles and skeleton) and this can reduce the performance of workers in doing their work. So it is necessary to analyze the work posture of workers or employees using the REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) and RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) methods which are work posture research methods to investigate disorders of the limbs. Based on the results of data processing using the REBA method, it can be concluded that the work posture in the wet sorting sector has a score of 9. This work posture really needs to be improved and will cause a high impact / risk if it continues. In the results of data processing using the RULA method, the work posture of the milling station workers has a final score of 7. This means that the work posture needs to be improved. The work posture at the two stations to be improved immediately in order to minimize the fatality that occurs in the worker's body posture

Study of the ergonomic risk in operators of an assembly line using the RULA method in real working conditions through the application of a commercial sensor

Assessing ergonomic risk in real working conditions is a challenge for ergonomists, who use observational methods to collect information, with RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) being one of the most widely used. The disadvantage of these methods is that data collection is subjective and is based on estimates of projected angles on photos and/or videos, which leads to variations according to the criteria of each evaluator. For this reason, this work proposes the use of the Kinect V2 commercial sensor, as a tool for ergonomic assessment in real working conditions in industry. In the study, data such as planes, angles and positions of the worker were obtained, which the RULA method needs to determine the existence of ergonomic risk. The application of the sensor was carried out in real working conditions and it was performed to an operator of a bridge beam assembly line in a metalworking factory. Then, the trajectory and angle curves were obtained by means of an algorithm; and were compared with those of a standard motion capture system in a photogrammetry laboratory. Finally, the RULA score obtained by the implemented system was validated by an expert.

Evaluasi Postur Kerja Operator Book Lift Menggunakan Pendekatan Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA)

Incorrect work posture is often caused by stations and work facilities that are not suitable for workers, this period is an important factor for companies that do not pay attention to the needs and interests of workers. There are still many companies whose work processes are not supported by standard methods and ergonomic work facilities so that workers often complain about their body parts. Complaints that arise due to the absence of ergonomic work facilities that are in accordance with the worker's body posture, causing workers to feel uncomfortable. The working posture that needs to be evaluated using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method is bending and squatting because it provides the highest value. The value of work posture presented in the RULA method obtained from the operator's lift book is a grand score of 6. The immediate position of the body is to add work facilities in the form of table scissors so that there is no potential for injury when lifting and carrying books.

ANALISIS POSTUR KERJA MENGGUNAKAN METODE RAPID UPPER LIMB ASSESSMENT (RULA) DI UMKM KERUPUK KEMPLANG 32 KECAMATAN BUMI WARAS BANDAR LAMPUNG

This study discusses work posture analysis using the rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) method at Kerupuk Kemplang 32 Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), Bumi Waras District, Bandar Lampung. The purpose of this study was to determine unsafe work postures for workers, and to minimize injuries to the skeletal system and nervous system caused by repetitive movements (Cumulative Trauma Disorders), how the influence of work attitudes or postures of workers and the workplace, provide recommendations for appropriate work postures. safe based on the upper limb assessment (RULA) method. This research is a descriptive study with data analysis using the RULA method. The data collection method uses primary data in the form of worker posture data which includes upper arms, forearms, wrists, hands, neck, back and legs. The results of this study indicate that the working posture of making kemplang cracker dough is divided into two activities, namely taking sago water and making the dough, both of which have a score of 7 which indicates Action Level 4 and the roasting section of kemplang crackers has the same score, 7 indicating Action Level 4. From these data, it can be concluded that this work posture needs to be improved in the near future.

ANALISIS POSTUR KERJA PADA SAAT MENGGANTI OLI MOBIL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE RAPID UPPER LIMB ASSESSMENT (RULA) DAN RAPID ENTIRE BODY ASSESSMENT (REBA) DI BENGKEL BAROKAH MANDIRI

This research provides benefits to the Mandiri Barokah Workshop to produce good quality workers in terms of ergonomics. Ergonomics is the study of human relations with all the facilities found in the workplace with the aim of getting the maximum quality of work results. Ergonomics is synonymous with a harmonious relationship between humans, work facilities (tools or machines) and the work environment. This harmonious relationship causes humans to pay attention to good work posture in order to prevent all the worst that can happen, such as injury and exposure to disease. In addition to being beneficial for workers and the surrounding environment, work posture regulation is also beneficial in increasing productivity, such as increasing the level of concentration and accuracy in work. The methods used in this study are the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). The RULA method evaluates posture, strength and muscle activity that causes injury due to repetitive activities to detect risky work postures and make improvements as soon as possible. . Meanwhile the REBA method can be used to quickly assess the work position or posture of an operator's neck, back, wrists and feet. REBA did not take a long time to complete and perform a general score on the list of activities indicating the need to reduce the risk caused by the operator's work posture. Through these two methods, it will be observed that different work attitudes will produce different strengths. When working, posture should be done scientifically so that it can minimize musculoskeletal growth.