Rapid Socio-political Changes Research Articles

PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF SOCIALIZATION OF CHILDREN OF SENIOR PRESCHOOL AGE IN THE INTERACTION OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION INSTITUTION AND FAMILY

Rapid socio-political changes in the life of modern society make it necessary to prepare children for the development of social relations and various types of behavior in society from an early age. Such qualities as the ability to manage their behavior and ways of communication, the ability to choose appropriate behavior, orientation in new circumstances, a sense of their place among other people is the sphere of social development of the child, which contributes to their social well-being. The effectiveness of the implementation of the outlined tasks of social development of preschoolers is largely determined by the establishment of interaction between preschool education institutions and families of pupils. Only close relations of the preschool education institution on the basis of cooperation with the family provide conditions for the full process of socialization of the preschool child. Our research allowed us to find out the existing problems in socialization of the majority of children of senior preschool age, in particular: unformed ideas about "approved", "acceptable" and "unacceptable" forms of behavior; inability to establish and maintain positive relationships with others; short-term and unstable relationships with peers; unformed positive attitude to society and themselves; inability to solve problem situations. Purpose of article is to substantiate the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the socialization of the personality of a child of senior preschool age in the process of interaction between the family and the institution of preschool education. To achieve this goal, a number of theoretical and empirical methods were used: theoretical: analysis, systematization, and generalization of theoretical data presented in the psychological and pedagogical literature; empirical: a survey of educators using the method of T. Repina (2004), sociometric study "Birthday", observation of children's behavior in joint activities and games. In the process of organizing the work, the following methods and techniques have proved their effectiveness: organization of positive communication between parents, educators and children; involvement of parents in assessing the child's progress, forecasting the prospects for the child's development; encouraging parents to participate in joint work with the child and the teacher, the staff of the preschool institution; active listening to parents, trying to understand their problems, to help make a well-grounded pedagogical decision; building friendly, optimistic, cordial relations with parents.

Anthony J. Langlois, Sexuality and Gender Diversity Rights in Southeast Asia.

In Sexuality and Gender Diversity Rights in Southeast Asia, Anthony J. Langlois offers new perspectives on the nature of implementation of laws, the necessity of rights claiming and the prevalence of violence and discrimination around the lives of LGBTIQ+ people. This book is a call for new public policy and social norms to be (re)formed in Southeast Asian regions for those who are sexually non-conforming, and hence, are treated as second (read lower) class citizens. On the face of rapid socio-political changes and multiple preventive measures taken by the international human rights regime, the book argues that “most Southeast Asian states do not recognise the need for such rights” (1). However, in response to such incapacitated geo-political frameworks, this book considers many civil organisations and their political participation in rights claiming for the “people of diverse sexual orientation, gender identity expression and sex characteristics (SOGIESC)”. This book also attempts to connect the Southeast Asian LGBTIQ+ rights claiming movements to a larger international human rights regime.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ БЕЛОРУССКОГО ПРОТЕСТА 2017-2020 ГОДОВ (ПОЛИТИКО-СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ)

The purpose of the article is to analyze the political split of the population of the Republic of Belarus, the related problems, and the prospects for overcoming the electoral crisis. The relevance of this problem is due to the rapid socio-political changes in the public opinion between 2017 and 2020. Results of the secondary analysis of empirical data collected by the Information and Analytical Center under the Presidential Administration of the Republic of Belarus, the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, the Center for Sociological and Political Research of Belarusian State University, and the Sociological Laboratory of Sukhoi State Technical University of Gomel were used for the monitoring and exploration of the political intention behind the population’s participation in their country’s political life between 2017 and 2020, as well as the attitude of the population to the most important political events during these period. The study reported rapid citizens’ politicization, revealed the applicability of the rational choice theory to the political transformation of Belarusian society, and examined the trends of political behavior in advising the government’s response to direct actions.

Political influences on the roles and characteristics of ethnic tourism industry employees: a case of Korean-Chinese tour guides

ABSTRACT This study investigates the roles and characteristics of Korean-Chinese tour guides during the rapid socio-political changes between China and Korea. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 12 guides working in South Korea and were analyzed using the grounded theory framework. Open coding gave 98 conceptual labels, 30 subcategories, and 13 main categories. This study allows us to innovatively investigate the psychological changes in Korean-Chinese tour guides affected by political influences. However, most of the data was collected from males in their 30s using cross-sectional analysis, a longitudinal study would therefore strengthen the value of our approach in the future.

Borders moving across people: Narratives of belonging among Crimean youth after 2014

This article explores how senses of belonging, place, and mobility are linked to each other in the context of rapid socio-political change and human mobility. Using the sociological concept of place-belongingness, the article examines narratives of belonging among young people from Crimea who moved to Moscow to pursue higher education in the two years following Russia’s 2014 annexation of the peninsula. Drawing on 38 biographical interviews conducted in Moscow with young people from Crimea, the article demonstrates how ‘movements of borders across people’ (to build on Rogers Brubaker’s expression) result in a non-binary construction of belonging across places, based on the access an individual has to constellations of resources different places offer. The analysis shows that narratives of belonging among young people from Crimea revolve around resource categories that include economic resources, emotional resources, resources that reconcile multiple identities, and ontological security resources. This study moves beyond analysis of identities as linked to nation-building in the post-Soviet space, focusing on categories of ‘place’ emerging from the perspectives of study participants.

When Social Practice Art Overcomes Globalisation: Attending to Environment and Locality in Taiwan

AbstractThis essay discusses how artists, architects, and local community people have collaborated together to regenerate an everyday life aesthetics that embodies and reflects the environmental specificity of local culture, history, and geography in the context of Taiwan, where systematic urbanisation has had a very negative impact in many different areas since the early 2000s. The essay explores the possibility of local aesthetics retrieving the feelings of the Taiwanese “vernacular worlds” against the effects of globalisation, urbanisation and rapid socio-political changes. Two social practice art projects are considered accordingly: Plum Tree Creek and Togo Village.

Społeczeństwo XXI wieku wobec zagrożenia islamskim terroryzmem

SOCIETY OF THE 21ST CENTURY AGAINST THE THREAT OF ISLAMIC TERRORISMThe subject matter includes the issue of transformation in the consciousness of the societies of European Union countries, but also communities in other areas of the world, perception of the phenomenon of migration to the territories of native countries, mainly in the European Union. The period of rapid socio-political changes in Islamic states, as well as the outbreak of civil war in 2011 in Syria, was the largest stimulator of migration movements from the Middle East, especially those covered by military operations in Europe. Hundreds of thousands of migrants continued to reach EU countries. Germany widely opened the door of its state and accepted the largest number of migrants. Some countries, such as Poland or Hungary, refused to accept migrants from countries with an Islamic origin. Migration on such a mass scale caused many social problems. The perceived sense of security of the community has deteriorated considerably in the EU countries where the most migrants came. The decline in the sense of security included areas not only of safety for life and health, but also concerns about reducing the level of social status or increasing unemployment. However, the biggest threat to the community of the EU countries, and many other countries in the world was ahuge increase in terrorist attacks, where the attackers came from orthodox Islamist groups. It should be added that the majority of migrants were Muslims. Another phenomenon also affecting the reduction of the level of perceptible security of European societies was the reactivation of political groups that in their ideologies presented the slogans of populism, nationalism, racism, or even fascism. There has been a clear polarization of Western societies, where until now they were arefuge of democracy, tolerance and values for which they fought for years. Undoubtedly, the politics of Erdogan, the president of Turkey, and the president of Russia, Putin, also influencedthestate of security of societies, and tried to influence EU decisions with their actions. Russia, let the annexation of Crimea and activities in Ukraine be left in peace, and Turkey, to force the EU to acceleratethe admission of this country to the EU. Also calling up the so-called Islamic state posed a huge threat to the security of the communities of European Union countries with attacks inspired by this terrorist group.

Who are we and where are we Going: from Past Myths to Present Politics.

Social groups, and the social identities which people develop as part of them, are often experienced as stable and continuous over time. Thus, countries experiencing rapid socio-political change often face the challenge of re-constructing the meaning of the social group to adapt to the demands of the present, while simultaneously making this re-construction appear as a natural progression of 'our' historical journey. In the present paper, I ask the question of how, in times of socio-political change, the past is used in the present, and the implications this has for how individuals represent their nation's future. Drawing on Serbia and its political movement towards EU integration, the present article illustrates how developed and legitimized historical narratives, linked to the myth of origin of a nation, become utilized to frame present challenges. In doing so, it allows for uncertainties in the present to become anchored in established historical narratives, which in turn have consequences for which political actions are deemed acceptable and legitimate for the future.

'Health psychology' or 'psychology for health'? A history of psychologists' engagement with health in South Africa.

In contrast to the institutionalization of health psychology in North America and Europe, much psychological work on health issues in South Africa emerged as part of a critical revitalization of South African psychology as a whole, coinciding with the dismantling of Apartheid and global shifts in health discourse. The field's development reflects attempts to engage with urgent health problems in the context of rapid sociopolitical changes that followed democratic transition in the 1990s, and under new conditions of knowledge production. We provide an account of these issues, as well as reflections on the field's future, as inflected through the experiences of 12 South African psychologists whose careers span the emergence of health-related psychology to the present day.

Beads, Exchange Networks and Emerging Complexity: A Case Study from Cambodia and Thailand (500 bce–ce 500)

Control over the exchange of prestige goods is an important component of emerging socio-political complexity in many ancient societies. During the Iron Age period (500 bce–ce 500), communities in mainland Southeast Asia were undergoing rapid socio-political changes, due in part to new interactions with societies from South Asia. As objects made from exotic raw materials and using complex technologies, stone and glass beads are one type of prestige object from South Asia that were exchanged widely across Southeast Asia. This study examines beads from 12 sites in Cambodia and Thailand. Morphological and compositional analyses using LA-ICP-MS resulted in the identification of different bead types that were circulated in distinct exchange networks. Initially, beads were exchanged within a pre-existing South China Sea network. However, as trade with South Asia intensified in the late Iron Age, exchange networks in Southeast Asia expanded, with an increase in the quantities of beads circulated. These results show the utility of studying beads as a means of examining trade and emerging socio-political complexity. Lastly, in considering evidence for control over the exchange of beads, I propose looking to an emerging state in the Mekong Delta.

The Earliest States in China: A Long-term Trajectory Approach

The origins, development, and makeup of early state societies in China have long been a favorite topic of research, though there has recently been an upsurge of attention among archaeologists in China and abroad. Research has been dominated by the identification of the Erlitou site from the early second millennium BC as the center of the earliest state in China, sometimes identified with the Xia Dynasty. Recently, several scholars have employed neo-evolutionary criteria for the identification of Erlitou society as China’s earliest state in an attempt to provide objective criteria for the traditional historiographical narrative. Overarching social and ecological models of cultural change have been severely criticized by anthropological archaeologists, and many archaeologists studying the development of ancient societies prefer to focus on individual case studies or specific institutions rather than on the state. In contrast to recent archaeological scholarship that has called for its total abandonment, we find the “state” a useful concept for understanding local trajectories as well as cross-cultural comparisons. In this article we suggest a way of incorporating the warnings against simplistic overarching models while maintaining the notion of rapid sociopolitical change associated with state formation. Based on an analysis of the long-term trajectory, we identify, in north China, two phases of rapid transformations: the first, starting around 2500 BC, when several unstable regional states evolved and declined, and the second, around 1600 BC, when an intraregional state, usually identified with the historical Shang, rapidly evolved.

Social Change and Anomie: A Cross-National Study

We apply Durkheim’s social transitional theory to explain the variation of anomie in 30 nations in the world. Combining data from two sources – the 1995 World Values Survey and the United Nations University’s World Income Inequality Database or WIID – we test the hypothesis that rapid sociopolitical change at the structural level disrupts social integration and regulation, and increases the level of anomie among individuals in a society. Using the multilevel approach that permits the decomposition of variance within and between nations, the results of the analyses confirm that rapid sociopolitical change at the macro level, such as the political transition from totalitarianism to democracy, produces a higher level of anomie among individuals in a society. In addition, we find a cross-level effect of confidence in authority on anomie. Findings at the individual level are largely consistent with Merton’s theory of anomie and with the extant literature that anomie is inversely related to an individual’s social and economic position in a society.

Xenophobia: Contemporary Issues in Psychology

Economic development is enhanced by international trade when a country's exports drive its economic growth. Many countries grow far more quickly than they would otherwise have done because of the opening up of international trade. Millions of people are better off in some Asian countries as a result of export-led growth that was the centerpiece of their industrial policy. The forces of globalization have brought rapid sociopolitical change to many parts of the world. The sense of isolation felt in much of the developing world has been reduced by globalization which has given many people in the developing countries access to knowledge well beyond what they can attain alone.IFE Psychologia – Special Issue: Xenophobia Vol. 16 (2) 2008: pp. 72-84

Nicaraguan memories of sacrifice: Visual representations and contested histories

This paper examines the significance of visual representations of political violence in a society wracked by low intensity warfare and experiencing rapid sociopolitical change. Photographs, monuments and murals depicting suffering, sacrifice, and victory have played an important role in the process of mourning and remembering in the body politic, the local community and the family. Annually mothers publicly display, in neighborhood parks, the photographs and clothing of their children who died fighting the National Guard and/or the Contras. Bourdieu observes that photographs of ceremonies are possible because they are socially approved [Bourdieu 1965 (1990)]. But increasingly this “approval” is being challenged as national, social and individual histories are revised. These contestations about “what was” are also part of the struggle over “what is to be”. In many parts of Nicaragua since the 1990 electoral defeat of the Sandinistas, ideological struggles over history, memory and heroes have raged. These battles focus, in part, on visual representations of Nicaragua's past. The right‐wing mayor of Managua has had revolutionary murals repainted, street‐names for heroes killed in the insurrection and Contra War have been changed, and monuments have been destroyed. As the political and social definitions of heroism are reworked, so too are the meanings of public ceremonies and private grief. Through the use of still photographs, I examine the conflicts surrounding these public ceremonies and private memorials to explore with mothers the multiple political, social, and personal meanings of the Nicaraguan revolution, the Contra War and its aftermath.

Japanese Modernization and the Emergence of New Fictwn in Early Twentieth Century China: A Study of Liang Qichao

Inspired by Japanese influences among others the late Qing period saw a great surge in the writing of fiction after 1900. The rate of growth was unprecedented in the history of Chinese literature. The great surge coincided with rapid socio-political changes that China underwent in the last fifteen years of the Qing Dynasty. At the psychological level, the humiliating defeat by Japan in 1895 gave rise to a feeling of urgency for reform among some progressively minded Chinese intellectuals. Those reformers came to view fiction as a powerful medium to further their reform causes and to arouse among the people the awareness of the changes they believed China most urgently required. Fiction was no longer considered as constituting insignificant and trivial writings. It was no longer the idle pastime of retired literati composed to entertain a small circle of their friends, or written by a discontented recluse to vent a personal grudge through a brush. The role of fiction came to be defined in relation to its utility as an influence on politics and society and its artistic quality was subordinated to such a definition.

Changes in the use of antibacterial drugs in the countries of central and eastern Europe.

Use of systemic antibacterial drugs in the countries of central and eastern Europe (CCEE) has been studied using the defined daily doses (DDD) methodology. For the comparison, national wholesale data from Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Romania for the years 1989 and 1992 were used, i.e. for the years before and after the rapid sociopolitical changes in these countries. Substantial differences in the patterns of antibacterial drug use between countries as geographically and economically similar as the CCEE were observed. The general sales of antibiotics varied almost twofold among the CCEE and had decreased in most of the CCEE during the study period. The proportion of tetracyclines in the sales of 1992 ranged from 10% in Slovenia to 49% in Estonia, and that of broad-spectrum penicillins from 6% in Estonia to 40% in Slovenia. The use of narrow-spectrum penicillins varied within the range of 4% in Bulgaria to 38% in Slovakia, and had decreased during the study years in all countries. Aminoglycosides accounted for 5-12% of all antibacterials in Bulgaria, Estonia, Lithuania, Romania and Slovakia in the study period, and these countries, with the exception of Slovakia, also had a high consumption of chloramphenicol. In 1992, by far the most popular antiinfectives in the CCEE were doxycycline, ampicillin and co-trimoxazole, which ranked among the top ten drugs in all countries studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Union Democratization in the Mexican Automobile Industry: A Reappraisal

The Mexican automobile manufacturing industry experienced rapid sociopolitical change in the 1960s and 1970s as workers in several firms overthrew entrenched labor leaders and instituted democratic forms of union governance. These reform movements sought increased participation by the rank and file in union affairs and heightened worker control over different aspects of the production process. For many workers, democratic unionism promised increased leadership responsiveness in resolving workplace conflicts and more effective representation of worker interests in a changing industrial environment. Specific measures of democratic unionism included the election of key union officers and their accountability to members, regularly held general assemblies, an enhanced role for the general assembly in internal decision making, procedural safeguards of workers' union rights, and opportunities for the emergence of identifiable and relatively stable internal opposition factions. By 1975 workers in five of the seven major terminal firms (those manufacturing vehicles) had won control over the selection of union leaders and other phases of internal union decision making.

Labor Relations Litigation: Chile, 1970-1972

On the basis of data dealing with the processing of labor grievances by state institutions in Chile in the period of 1970-1972, the author argues that litigiousness—the propensity to pursue grievances—was growing during that time. This increased litigiousness may be traced to the overall process of rapid sociopolitical change, in particular the growing political awareness of certain sectors of wage earners. The Labor Inspectorate responded positively to increased demand for justice, and encouraged socially well-focused grievance behavior by providing more adequate remedies. The labor courts, in contrast, were insensitive to the process of change. They showed no interest in developing an institutional assertiveness, either favoring or impeding aggrieved workers filing suit. Developments in litigiousness and litigation rates are analyzed in the light of the macro-social process of change that took place at the time.