Rapid Response Design Research Articles

Assessment of Rapid MinION Nanopore DNA Virus Meta-Genomics Using Calves Experimentally Infected with Bovine Herpes Virus-1.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD), which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cattle, is caused by numerous known and unknown viruses and is responsible for the widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics despite the use of polymicrobial BRD vaccines. Viral metagenomics sequencing on the portable, inexpensive Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION sequencer and sequence analysis with its associated user-friendly point-and-click Epi2ME cloud-based pathogen identification software has the potential for point-of-care/same-day/sample-to-result metagenomic sequence diagnostics of known and unknown BRD pathogens to inform a rapid response and vaccine design. We assessed this potential using in vitro viral cell cultures and nasal swabs taken from calves that were experimentally challenged with a single known BRD-associated DNA virus, namely, bovine herpes virus 1. Extensive optimisation of the standard Oxford Nanopore library preparation protocols, particularly a reduction in the PCR bias of library amplification, was required before BoHV-1 could be identified as the main virus in the in vitro cell cultures and nasal swab samples within approximately 7 h from sample to result. In addition, we observed incorrect assignment of the bovine sequence to bacterial and viral taxa due to the presence of poor-quality bacterial and viral genome assemblies in the RefSeq database used by the EpiME Fastq WIMP pathogen identification software.

E-Learning during a global pandemic

The onset of the COVID-19 virus has tested education, social, and economic structures as the pandemic has spread around the world. UNESCOs monitoring indicates that over 181 countries have implemented nationwide school closures, impacting more than 1.5 billion students. Though many universities have some experience in online learning, they are not ready to move from under 25% of curriculum already developed to 100% of curriculum being available with teachers ready to go online. K-12 education is struggling with most districts having never invested in an e-learning infrastructure or established a technology backbone for e-learning delivery. The pandemic shines a light on the unequal access to the technologies necessary to be successful either as an online learner or as an instructor suddenly responsible for delivering content remotely. Suggestions for rapid response and iterative course design options, as well as current free access assets are offered in this article.

Design improvement supporting method based on product performance analysis

ABSTRACTAs the manufacturing industry moves towards rapid response design, it is essential for manufacturers to upgrade their existing products. Traditionally, design improvement is performed with product failure data. However, there are limitations when dealing with little failure data. Many kinds of research considering product time-varying performance data are emerging for design improvement. To expand the application of this data in the design improvement, there are two critical problems to solve. One is to identify the abnormal time instances (i.e. outliers) of field data. The other problem is to analyse function modules which are related to these abnormal time instances. To solve the above questions, a novel method to transform performance data into useful design improvement information is proposed. Based on performance data, an anomaly detection model is developed according to the outlier analysis theory. Next, outlier instances detected by the model are used to analyse the degradation degree of each performance feature. Finally, the redesign module can be identified using the correlation matrix between performance features and function modules. The effectiveness of this proposed method is demonstrated through a case study with design improvement of a wind turbine.

Social ant colony-inspired modelling approach for rapid response design

Some unexpected natural or man-made disasters would cause damage to human life and key infrastructural facilities. In this context, we define rapid response design RRD as a design methodology for rapidly designing equipment in a changing environment to minimise loss in the disaster. To adapt to the unpredictable requirements, RRD has to incorporate the ability to respond rapidly, be flexible, robust and adaptable. To reach these goals, we present a social ant colony-inspired modelling approach for RRD. This study firstly makes a survey on the social ant colony to find its inherent mechanism used in RRD modelling process. Then, this study focuses on how to make a rapid response design system incorporating the ability to be insensitive to disasters, and to be resilient or reconfigured after breakdown. Finally, we illustrate a rapid response design framework based on multi-agent system that simulates the operation environment of the social ant colony to cope with changing fluctuant conditions. The proposed modelling approach would be expanded to the rapid response processing in the management field.

Evaluation Model of Product Manufacturability for Rapid Response Design

Rapid Response Design (RRD) attempts to put the product design into effect in the minimum time to satisfy the customer requirements. Product manufacturability has a very important effect on the performance of product design, especially in the progress of rapid response design. The concept of product manufacturability is usually considered as a multi-objective problem. An effective product manufacturability evaluation procedure necessitates the consideration of qualitative criteria, e.g., product quality, as well as quantitative criteria such as material cost in the decision process. This paper purposed an evaluation model of product manufacturability for RRD based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The proposed evaluation model is both effective and efficient.

Product Family Modeling Method for Rapid Response Design

Design resources reuse is very important to the rapid response design. In this paper, a design resources reusable model based on product family is established to meet the rapid response design. Firstly, parameters transmission structure of product family is constructed based on Generic Bill of Materials (GBOM) and product master model, and then the reused design resource library is established by the instantiation to master model. Finally product configuration management and variant design is realized on the basis of the reused design resource library. In the developing process of the rapid response design system of machine tool component, the Linear Motion (LM) rolling guide variant design subsystem is developed by the application of the above methods to realize the variant design and configuration management of LM rolling guide. The result shows that the method can provide a reliable guarantee for establishment and effective management of corporate design resource base.

Product Rapid Response Design Based on Knowledge Engineering

This paper introduces a mechanical product intelligent design platform. It presents a product information representation model, gives out the store structure, retrieving process of product cases and the usage of their knowledge for a new design. Finally, it gives an example of product design using this method, proving that it is quite good for product rapid responding design to meet fast changing market requirement and customer’s individual demand.

Computation Model of Case Similarity Based on Uneven Weight Distance Coefficient

In order to solve the retrieval problem of design example in rapid response design, similarity computation model among design examples is given, computation of attribute weight of design example is done based on the method of uneven weight distance coefficient, computation of similarity between product structure model that meet the requirement of customers and design examples existed is done by the method of combination weight. This method has been applied in rolling guide conceptual design based on example inference, the result indicated that the weight computational method proposed is simple and the reliability is good, it can solve the intelligent retrieval problem of design examples in rapid response design.

Research on Parameterized Modeling Method of Parts and Components Library for Rapid Response System

In order to meet the requirement of mass customization and rapid response design, a hierarchical parameterized modeling method of parts and components library is proposed. The library of parts and components is building up with NX/Open development tools based on the three-dimensional design software platform. According to this method, the master model technique is integrated with top-down modeling method to facilitate the parameterized modeling and variant design of product family. The parameterized modeling process is also demonstrated in details in this paper. As an example, a tools management system for NC machine tools rapid design is developed. It shows hierarchical parameterized modeling method is a practical and effective method of constructing the product resources library.