Rapid Online Sampler Injector Research Articles

Isothermal Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Data for Binary Mixtures of Hexafluoroethane (R116) + n-Pentane or n-Hexane at Two Temperatures, 288 and 296 K

The isothermal vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for two hexafluoroethane (R-116)/n-alkane systems were each measured at two temperatures of 288 and 296 K. The two n-alkanes of interest are n-pentane and n-hexane. The pressures which were measured ranged from 0.017 to 7.040 MPa. A “static-analytic” VLE apparatus, equipped with pneumatic Rapid Online Sampler-Injector (ROLSI) capillary samplers, was used to perform the measurements. The ROLSI gives this apparatus the capability of sampling both the liquid and the vapor phases, without significant equilibrium perturbation with respect to the estimated analytical uncertainties. Vapor–liquid–liquid equilibria and liquid–liquid equilibria were experienced at R-116 compositions close to unity for the R-116 and n-hexane system. Each of the four P–x–y VLE data sets was correlated with the Peng–Robinson equation of state, modified by the inclusion of the Mathias-Copeman alpha function in preference to the original Peng-Robinson configuration. The Wong-Sandler mix...

Isothermal phase (vapour + liquid) equilibrium data for binary mixtures of propene (R1270) with either 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-propene (R1216) or 2,2,3-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxirane in the temperature range of (279 to 318) K

Isothermal (vapour+liquid) equilibrium data (P–x–y) are presented for the 1-propene 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-propene and the 1-propene+2,2,3-trifluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxirane binary systems. Both binary systems were studied at five temperatures, ranging from (279.36 to 318.09)K, at pressures up to 2MPa. The experimental (vapour+liquid) equilibrium data were measured using an apparatus based on the “(static+analytic)” method incorporating a single movable Rapid On-Line Sampler-Injector to sample the liquid and vapour phases at equilibrium. The expanded uncertainties are approximated on average as T=0.07K, 0.008MPa, and 0.007 and 0.009 for the temperature, pressure, and the liquid and vapour mole fractions, respectively. A homogenous maximum-pressure azeotrope was observed for both binary systems at all temperatures studied. The experimental data were correlated with the Peng–Robinson equation of state using the Mathias–Copeman alpha function, paired with the Wong–Sandler mixing rule and the Non-Random Two Liquid activity coefficient model. The model provided satisfactory representation of the phase equilibrium data measured.

Isothermal Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Data for the 1,1,2,3,3,3-Hexafluoroprop-1-ene +1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-Octafluorocyclobutane Binary System: Measurement and Modeling from (292 to 352) K and Pressures up to 2.6 MPa

Isothermal vapor–liquid equilibrium data are presented for the 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoroprop-1-ene and 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorocyclobutane binary system at (292.89, 323.02 and 352.71) K, with pressures ranging from (0.3 to 2.6) MPa. The data were measured using an apparatus based on the “static-analytic” method, equipped with a single movable rapid online sampler-injector (ROLSI). The expanded uncertainties are estimated at 0.11 K, 4 kPa, 0.010 and 0.007 for the temperature, pressure, and the equilibrium liquid and vapor mole fractions, respectively. The experimental vapor–liquid equilibrium data were correlated using the Peng–Robinson equation of state with the Mathias–Copeman alpha function. The model provides a satisfactory description of the experimental data.

New high-pressures vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the carbon dioxide + 2-methyl-1-propanol (isobutanol) binary system

AbstractNew vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) data at 333.15, 343.15, and 353.15 K and pressures up to 130.0 bar are reported for the carbon dioxide + 2-methyl-1-propanol (isobutanol) system. The experimental method used in this work was a static analytical method with liquid and vapor phases sampling using a rapid online sampler injector (ROLSITM) coupled to a gas chromatograph (GC) for analysis. Measured VLE data and literature data for carbon dioxide + 2-methyl-1-propanol system were modeled with the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) cubic equation of state with classical van der Waals (two-parameter conventional mixing rule, 2PCMR) mixing rules. A single set of interaction parameters that lead to a correct phase behavior was used in this work to model the new VLE data and critical points of the mixtures in a wide range of temperature and pressure. The SRK prediction results were compared to the new data measured in this study and to available literature data.

New high-pressures vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the carbon dioxide + 2-methyl-2-propanol binary system

AbstractNew vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) data at 323.15, 333.15, 343.15, and 353.15 K and pressures up to 112.9 bar are reported for the carbon dioxide + 2-methyl-2-propanol system. The experimental method used in this work was a static analytical method with liquid and vapor phases sampling using a rapid online sampler injector (ROLSI™) coupled to a gas chromatograph (GC) for analysis. Measured VLE data and literature data for carbon dioxide + 2-methyl-2-propanol system were modeled with the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) cubic equation of state with classical van der Waals (two-parameter conventional mixing rule, 2PCMR) mixing rules. A single set of interaction parameters that lead to a correct phase behavior was used in this work to model the new VLE data and critical points of the mixtures in a wide range of temperature and pressure. The SRK prediction results were compared to the new data measured in this study and to available literature data.

Isothermal Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Data for the 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethene + 1,1,2,3,3,3-Hexafluoroprop-1-ene Binary System: Measurement and Modeling from (248 to 283) K

Isothermal vapor–liquid equilibrium data are presented for the 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylene and 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoroprop-1-ene binary system at (248.14, 263.01, and 282.89) K, with pressures ranging from (0.12 to 2.35) MPa. An apparatus based on the “static–analytic” method, equipped with a movable rapid online sampler–injector (ROLSI), was used to undertake the measurements. The combined expanded uncertainties are estimated at 0.11 K, 4 kPa, and 0.012 and 0.009 for the temperature, pressure, and the equilibrium liquid and vapor mole fractions, respectively. The experimental data were correlated with the Peng–Robinson equation of state using the Mathias–Copeman α function, together with the Wong–Sandler mixing rule utilizing the nonrandom two-liquid activity coefficient model.

Isothermal Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Data for the Butan-2-one + Methanol or Ethanol Systems Using a Static-Analytic Microcell

Isothermal vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data (P-T-x-y) were measured and modeled for the butan-2-one + methanol system at (383.3, 398.1, and 413.2) K and butan-2-one + ethanol system at (383.3, 398.2, and 413.2) K. The VLE data were measured using the static-analytic method in a microcell (maximum cell volume of 18 cm3). The equilibrium phases were sampled using a mobile rapid online sampler injector. The samples were analyzed and quantified using a gas chromatograph with a thermal conductivity detector. The experimental data were correlated using the γ–Φ approach with the nonideality in the vapor phase described with the virial equation of state and the nonideality in the liquid phase described with the NRTL model. The data were also subjected to thermodynamic consistency testing.

Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium (PTxy) Measurements and Modeling for the CO–C2H4 Binary System

In this work, vapor–liquid equilibrium data of the carbon monoxide–ethylene binary system have been measured at five isotherms ranging from (233.73 to 273.18) K, with pressure ranging from (1.4 to 6.1) MPa. The measurements were performed using a “static-analytic” apparatus, equipped with two pneumatic rapid on-line sampler–injector (ROLSI) capillary samplers, with phase analysis via gas chromatography. The uncertainties in the measurements were within ± 0.02 K, ± 0.6 kPa, and ± 0.003 for temperature, pressure, and mole fractions, respectively. The measured data are correlated using two models, the Peng–Robinson equation of state with the generalized α function and the van der Waals mixing rules and the Soave–Redlich–Kwong equation of state coupled with the Twu et al. α function and mixing rules.

Isothermal Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Data for the 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethene + 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-Octafluorocyclobutane Binary System: Measurement and Modeling from (248 to 283) K

High pressure vapor–liquid equilibrium data are presented for the 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethene + 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorocyclobutane binary system. The isothermal measurements were undertaken at (248.3, 263.0, and 282.9) K, with pressures ranging from (0.040 to 2.340) MPa. A static–analytical apparatus was used to carry out the measurements. The liquid and vapor phases were sampled at equilibrium using a movable rapid on-line sampler–injector (ROLSI). The uncertainties in the measurements are less than 0.1 K, 1.5 kPa, and 0.007 for the temperature, pressure, and equilibrium phase mole fractions, respectively. The experimental data were correlated with the Peng–Robinson equation of state incorporating the Mathias–Copeman alpha function, with the Wong–Sandler mixing rule utilizing the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient model. The model accurately describes the experimental data.

New high pressure vapor–liquid equilibrium data and density predictions for carbon dioxide + ethyl acetate system

Vapor–liquid equilibria (VLE) data at (323.2, 333.2, 343.2, 353.2 and 363.2) K and pressures between 0.85 and 10.9MPa for the carbon dioxide+ethyl acetate system are reported. The experimental method used in this work was a static analytical method with liquid phase sampling using a rapid on-line sampler injector (ROLSI™) coupled to a gas chromatograph (GC) for analysis. Measured VLE data and literature data for carbon dioxide+ethyl acetate system were modeled with a general cubic equation of state (GEOS) using classical van der Waals (two parameters conventional mixing rule – 2PCMR) mixing rules. A single set of interaction parameters was used to represent the VLE data, the critical line of the system and the mixture densities in a wide range of temperatures, pressures and compositions. The calculation results were compared to the new data reported in this work, and to available literature data. The results show a satisfactory agreement between the model and the experimental data.

New High Pressure Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium and Density Predictions for the Carbon Dioxide + Ethanol System

Vapor–liquid equilibria (VLE) data at (333.2, 343.2, 363.2, and 373.2) K and pressures between (1.1 and 14.1) MPa and critical data (pressure–temperature–composition) at pressures between (9.1 and 13.9) MPa for the carbon dioxide + ethanol system are reported. The experimental method used in this work was a static analytical method with liquid phase sampling using a rapid online sampler injector (ROLSI) coupled to a gas chromatograph (GC) for analysis. Measured VLE data and literature data for carbon dioxide + ethanol system were modeled with a general cubic equation of state (GEOS) using classical van der Waals (two-parameter conventional mixing rule, 2PCMR) mixing rules. A single set of interaction parameters, representing the critical pressure maximum (CPM) well, was used in this work to represent the new VLE data and critical points and to predict the densities of the mixtures in a wide range of temperature, pressure, and composition. The calculation results were compared to the new data reported in this work and to available literature density data. The results show a satisfactory agreement between the model and the experimental data.

Vapor–Liquid Equilibria of Binary and Ternary Systems Containing Carbon Dioxide, Alkane, and Benzothiophene

Experimental vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of binary and ternary systems are reported covering all of the phase envelopes up to near the critical point. The carbon dioxide + dodecane, carbon dioxide + benzothiophene, and carbon dioxide + nonane + benzothiophene systems were studied at (318.14, 344.75, 373.23, and 417.91) K, 373.93 K, and (313.09, 343.73, and 373.74) K, respectively. The apparatus is based on the static–analytic method with an on-line ROLSI (rapid on-line sampler–injector) sampler to allow fast determination of the VLE. Standard uncertainties for the measured properties in this work were estimated to be p ± 0.01 MPa, T ± 0.03 K, liquid mole fraction xCO2 ± 0.0036, and vapor mole fraction yCO2 ± 0.0016. The experimental VLE data for carbon dioxide + dodecane were found to be in agreement with those available in the literature at 318 K. Furthermore, the corresponding results for the ternary system indicate a high selectivity of nonane in the vapor phase instead of benzothiophene. Data obtained in this work were correlated with the Peng–Robinson equation of state using the Wong–Sandler mixing rules.

Pure Component and Binary Vapor−Liquid Equilibrium + Modeling for Hexafluoropropylene and Hexafluoropropylene Oxide with Toluene and Hexafluoroethane

Experimental pure component vapor pressure data for hexafluoropropylene (R1216) and hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) are presented. Experimental vapor−liquid equilibrium (VLE) data are presented at two temperatures, (273 and 313) K, for four binary systems: R1216 + toluene, HFPO + toluene, hexafluoroethane (R116) + R1216, and R116 + HFPO. The measurements were undertaken using both a “static−analytic” apparatus fitted with a pneumatic rapid online sampler injector (ROLSI) and a “static−synthetic” PVT apparatus. The experimental vapor pressure data were regressed to obtain correlated parameters for the Peng−Robinson (PR) and Soave−Redlich−Kwong (SRK) equations of state with the Mathias−Copeman α function. The binary VLE data were regressed to obtain correlated parameters for three different model combinations: the PR equation of state with the Wong−Sandler (WS) mixing rules, the PR equation of state with the modified Huron−Vidal first-order (MHV1) mixing rules, and the SRK equation of state with the WS mix...

Rapid on-line sampler-injector: a reliable tool for HT-HP sampling and on-line GC analysis

Withdrawing of representative and reliable microsamples down to 1/100th mg is far from trivial, especially for extreme conditions such as high temperature and high pressure conditions or very corrosive media. The new Rapid On-Line Sampler- Injector presented herein was designed and set-up to largely extend sampling capabilities in hazardous media. It is largely use d in our laboratory to measure vapour-liquid equilibria. It has a lot of applications, both in production (process control in pet ro- leum, chemical, nuclear plants, etc.) and academic and industrial researches and development (laboratory instruments, pilot plants…).