Rapid Hemostasis Research Articles

Silk fibroin aerogels with AIE-featured berberine and MXene for rapid hemostasis and efficient wound healing.

Rapid hemostasis and wound healing are crucial in emergency trauma situations for saving patients' lives. Traditional hemostatic materials often have drawbacks such as slow hemostasis and susceptibility to post-hemostasis bacterial infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need for advanced wound dressing materials that can provide both rapid hemostasis and antimicrobial properties. In this study, we designed and fabricated a biocompatible hemostatic silk fibroin (SF) aerogel loaded with aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-featured berberine (BBr) and Ti3C2Tx MXene. The resulting SFMB aerogel demonstrates robust mechanical properties and a porous structure that enables quick hemostasis. This aerogel exhibits photodynamic and photothermal responses for antimicrobial activity, releases BBr upon light exposure to enhance bacterial-killing efficiency (99.33 % in vitro and 99.09 % in vivo), and effectively promotes the healing of infected wounds in vivo through combined photothermal/photodynamic antibacterial and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Furthermore, the aerogel shows high hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility, supporting its potential biomedical applications. Overall, the synthesized SFMB aerogel holds promise for treating bacteria-infected wounds and for use in first aid applications in clinical settings.

Bioadhesive First-Aid Patch with Rapid Hemostasis and High Toughness Designed for Sutureless Sealing of Acute Bleeding Wounds.

The global military and civilian sectors express widespread concern over the significant hemorrhage associated with various acute wounds. Such bleedings lead to numerous casualties in military confrontations, traffic accidents, and surgical injuries. Consequently, the rapid control of the bleedings, particularly for extensive and pressurized wounds, is crucial in first-aid situations. In this work, a double-layered bioadhesive patch that combines a superabsorbent adhesive hydrogel with a highly tough antibacterial polyurethane film, which is called as Bio-Patch, is proposed. The Bio-Patch demonstrates superior mechanical strength and forms robust bioadhesion to acute bleeding wounds. Furthermore, the Bio-Patch enables protecting against external Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Thanks to the double-layered structures having synergistic functions of stable barrier and robust adhesion, the Bio-Patch provides optimal wound sealing (burst strength exceeding 310mmHg) both in vitro and in vivo. It also demonstrates superior hemostatic effects (less than 30 s) in vivo. This offers promising opportunities for rapid control of extensive and pressurized hemorrhage in first-aid clinical scenarios.

A Real-world, prospective, observational, Investigator Initiated Trial to evaluate early discharge following Angio-Seal™ vascular closure device in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

BackgroundCardiac catheterization procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are widely used but with complications of access site bleeding. Manual compression (MC )is the well accepted technique to control bleeding but time consuming (15-20 mins); vascular closure devices (VCDs) are used increasingly as an alternative to MC and require <5 minutes for deployment.We aimed to document the real-world experience with a bioabsorbable collagen closure device (Angio-Seal™ ) with absorbable traction suture in patients undergoing PCI. ObjectiveThe primary objective was time (hours) to discharge from hospital after the procedure; to document the incidence of vascular access site complications, time to ambulation and time to hemostasis were the secondary objectives. MethodThis was a prospective, observational, investigator-initiated clinical trial wherein adult patients who underwent PCI procedure through femoral access route, with deployment of Angio-Seal™ femoral closure device were included. ResultsAmongst the 100 patients enrolled, 68% were males. systemic hypertension (63%), and type-2 diabetes mellitus (37%) were the major comorbidities reported. Mean overall time from the end of procedure to hemostasis was 2.32±0.99min. Time to ambulation was 156.08±36.81min and to hospital discharge was 25.21±4.49 hours, One subject experienced hematoma. No other complications particularly pertaining to vascular access site were observed. ConclusionAngio-Seal™ is an effective and safe VCD and results in early ambulation, rapid hemostasis, and discharge in patients undergoing PCI.

Rapid preparation of bioadhesive hydrogels containing catechol moieties at room temperature with reproducible adhesion to wet tissues, antimicrobial, antioxidant capacity for noncompressive hemostasis.

In order to cope with the massive tissue bleeding caused by sudden trauma and the demand for bioengineering materials with adjustable wet adhesion properties, this study formed the first layer of network by adding galactomannan (GG) and collagen (Col) structure, and then use the Fe3+-urushiol (UH) redox system to activate free radicals to initiate the polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) to quickly form an interpenetrating double network hydrogel. The cis hydroxyl group in GG and the hydroxyl group of UH form dynamic covalent borate ester bonds with borate ions in the borax solution, and use their responsiveness to pH to control the catechol group to achieve controllable adhesion. UH and Fe3+ endowed the hydrogel with excellent antibacterial ability, while adding Col enhanced the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. The elastic modulus and toughness increased from 4.32 kPa and 92.9 kJ/m3 to 18.90 kPa and 264.54 kJ/m3. In addition, due to the joint action of UH and Col, the hydrogel dressing can achieve rapid hemostasis within 20 s. In short, this hydrogel dressing has good biocompatibility, inherent antibacterial ability, adjustable moist tissue adhesion properties and rapid hemostatic ability, and is expected to become a candidate for wound hemostasis dressing.

Mussel-inspired modified regenerated cellulose as tissue adhesive and antibacterial gauze: A promising approach for rapid hemostasis in non-compressible hemorrhage

Uncontrollable hemorrhage leads to high mortality rates; thus, engineering effective hemostatic materials is crucial for rapid hemostasis. Developing hemostatic materials for rapid coagulation, antibacterial activity, and easy removal without compromising clot integrity remains a challenge. Herein, a multifunctional hemostatic gauze was engineered by modifying regenerated cellulose textile through multiple sequential chemical reactions, including carboxymethylation, crosslinking with CaCl2/ZnCl2 solution, oxidation, and polymerization with dopamine. Provided gauze demonstrated remarkable wet-tissue adhesion (890 kPa) that physically sealing the area to prevent blood loss. The engineered gauze exhibits excellent antibacterial activity (against S. aureus and E. coli) and enhanced hemostatic ability (clotting time (20S), attachment of red blood cells (~93 %) and platelets (~80 %)). The complete hemostasis and stable clot formation without secondary bleeding were achieved by synthesized gauze in 20s, 50s, and 100s for the rat and rabbit liver, and rat femoral artery injury models, respectively. That was significantly faster hemostasis (4–14-fold reduction in time) and lower blood loss (3-fold reduction) compared to the commercial hemostatic textiles (p < 0.001). Biochemical, hematological, and pathological examinations revealed no evidence of systemic and local inflammation or toxic effects in the rat organs. The engineered hemostatic gauze exhibits outstanding characteristics of a hemostatic material for clinical applications.

Rapid Hemostasis Tumor In Situ Hydrogel Vaccines for Colorectal Cancer Chemo-Immunotherapy.

Due to the high heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumors, most single antigen tumor vaccines often fail to elicit potent antitumor immune responses in clinical trials, resulting in unsatisfactory therapy effects. Hence, personalized tumor vaccines have become a promising modality for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we have developed a tumor in situ hydrogel vaccine (AH/DA-OR) capable of rapid hemostasis for personalized tumor immunotherapy, composed of dopamine-grafted hyaluronic acid (HA/DA) combined with sodium alginate (ALG), with coloaded oxaliplatin (OXA) and resiquimod (R848). The ALG and HA framework imparts excellent biocompatibility to the hydrogel, and dopamine (DA) modification endows it with rapid hemostatic functionality. Following local peritumor injection of AH/DA-OR into the tumor, the in situ hydrogel vaccine achieved the sustained release of the chemotherapeutic agent, OXA, inducing immunogenic cell death in tumor cells and effectively releasing personalized tumor-associated antigens to activate immune responses. Simultaneously, local R848 adjuvant sustained release at the tumor site enhanced immune responses, minimized drug side effects, and amplified immunotherapy effects. Finally, the hydrogel vaccine effectively activated host immune responses to suppress CT26 colorectal cancer growth in vivo, also exhibiting superior inhibition of untreated tumor growth at distant sites. This strategy of rapid hemostasis of tumor in situ hydrogel vaccine holds significant clinical potential and provides a paradigm for achieving secure and robust immunotherapy.

Guar gum and gelatin-based hydrogel wound dressing loaded calcium-containing nanoparticles: Simpler preparation, faster hemostasis and faster pro-wound healing properties

In this work, we prepared a novel calcium-containing nanoparticles (CaNPs) and added it to a hydrogel composed of guar gum (GG) and gelatin (Gel) as a backbone to prepare a novel hydrogel (GG@Gel-Ca) with rapid hemostasis, antibacterial effect and wound healing promotion. We conducted a series of test to characterize the structure and properties of CaNPs and GG@Gel-Ca hydrogel. The results showed that CaNPs had been successfully prepared and had regular morphology, and the GG@Gel-Ca hydrogel had good swelling ability, good antibacterial ability and excellent hemocompatibility/hemostasis and perfect cytocompatibility. Animal experiments also showed that GG@Gel-Ca hydrogel was able to achieve rapid hemostasis in the rat liver hemostasis model and it could also accelerate wound healing in S. aureus infections. In summary, we developed an innovative and practical method to prepare a gentle hydrogel, employing two natural polysaccharides that remained unmodified and untreated with chemicals. By incorporating the prepared calcium nanoparticles into this hydrogel, we successfully achieved effective hemostasis. Therefore, the GG@Gel-Ca hydrogel has the potential for application as hemostatic wound dressings with antibacterial properties and good wound healing.

Self-gelling, tunable adhesion, antibacterial and biocompatible quaternized cellulose/tannic acid/polyethylene glycol/montmorillonite composite powder for quick hemostasis

Hemostatic powders are widely used in incompressible or irregularly shaped bleeding wounds, but traditional hemostatic powders exhibit low adhesion, unsatisfactory hemostatic effect, limited infection control, and are not suitable for clinical or emergency situations. This study developed a novel self-gelling hemostatic powder (QTPM) consisting of quaternized cellulose (QC)/ tannic acid (TA)/ polyethylene glycol (PEG)/ montmorillonite (MMT). QTPM could absorb interfacial liquid hydrating to a stable hydrogel which form a switchable adhesion to tissues. Moreover, QTPM exhibits excellent antibacterial property by the synergistic effect of QC and TA. Furthermore, QTPM directly activate intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation hemostatic pathways to enhance hemostasis, and it concentrate coagulation factors. In vivo hemostasis study results show that QTPM significantly accelerated hemostasis and reduced blood loss compared with the blank group (>75 % reduction in hemostatic time, >85 % reduction in blood loss) in liver bleeding model (hemostasis time of 71.67 ± 7.09 s, blood loss of 19.23 ± 2.60 mg) and tail amputation model (hemostasis time of 91.03 ± 12.05 s, blood loss of 15.24 ± 1.77 mg). Therefore, the advantages of QTPM including rapid and effective hemostasis, easy usage, easy storability and adaptability make it a potential biomaterial for rapid hemostasis direction in the clinical setting.

A chitosan macroporous hydrogel integrating enrichment, adsorption and delivery of blood clotting components for rapid hemostasis

Traditional hemostatic hydrogels face considerable limitations in achieving rapid control of severe bleedings, a crucial factor in reducing casualties in both military and civilian settings. This study presents a chitosan-based hemostatic hydrogel with interconnected secondary macropores designed to enhance interactions with blood clotting components by reducing diffusion resistance and increasing contact area. The macropores were created using a straightforward process involving NaOH-mediated SiO2 template dissolution and NH3 generation. The resulting macroporous structure increased the hydrogel's overall porosity without compromising its viscoelasticity. Functional studies demonstrated that the macroporous hydrogel effectively concentrated and adsorbed blood clotting components, while also facilitating the delivery of artificially embedded clotting factor to further expedite clot formation. These combined actions resulted in improve hemostatic efficacy, reducing whole blood clotting time by over 94 % in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo studies using rat tail amputation and liver injury models showed a reduction in blood loss by over 65 % and a decrease in bleeding time by over 70 %. Additionally, the porous chitosan hydrogel exhibited minimal biotoxicity and promoted biodegradability in vivo. In conclusion, this work introduces a macroporous chitosan-based hemostatic hydrogel with great potential for rapid hemorrhage control.

Carboxymethyl chitosan/dialdehyde quaternized pullulan self-healing hydrogel loaded with tranexamic acid for rapid hemostasis

In this study, we designed novel self-healing hydrogels (CMC/DAQP-HGs) using carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and dialdehyde quaternized pullulan (DAQP), aimed at loading tranexamic acid (TA) for rapid hemostasis. Meanwhile, CMC/dialdehyde pullulan (DAP) hydrogels (CMC/DAP-HGs) were prepared for comparison with CMC/DAQP-HGs. Experimental results showed that (1) DAQP, DAP, CMC/DAQP-HGs, and CMC/DAP-HGs were successfully prepared; (2) both types of hydrogels demonstrated excellent swelling (swelling ratio of 12.66–22.18 g/g), water retention (> 24 h), self-healing, and injectable properties, biocompatibility (hemolysis ratio < 2 %, relative cell viability of L929 and HSF > 80 %), and degradability; (3) CMC/DAQP-HGs had superior adhesive, antibacterial, and hemostatic properties compared to CMC/DAP-HGs, with CMC/DAQP-HG1 showing the best performance, including a tissue adhesion strength of 6.54 kPa, ~100 % of inhibition against E. coli and S. aureus, and hemostasis time in the three animal models <312 s; (4) the novel hydrogels effectively encapsulated tranexamic acid (TA) and controlled TA release; and (5) the addition of TA significantly enhanced the hydrogels' hemostatic efficacy, with the hemostasis time values in the TA-loaded CMC/DAQP-HG1 (TA/CMC/DAQP-HG1) group being reduced by >56 % compared to those in the gelatin sponge group, indicating that TA/CMC/DAQP-HG1 had the potential to be an ideal hemostatic dressing.

A novel bailout technique using myocardial biopsy forceps to grasp a dislodged angio-seal collagen with footplate

BackgroundHemostatic devices are now frequently used in femoral artery punctures, and the Angio-Seal (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) is one of the most commonly used devices for closure of the femoral artery because it provides rapid hemostasis. Although device failure rarely occurs, if the collagen falls into the femoral artery, it may lead to severe limb ischemia. Herein, we describe a case of a novel endovascular technique for the treatment of Angio-Seal arterial closure device failure.Case presentationThe patient in Case 1 was a 75-year-old man with severe left limb claudication. We used a contralateral antegrade approach and used the Angio-Seal for hemostasis. However, the Angio-Seal collagen and footplate dropped and stopped at the bifurcation of the superficial femoral artery and deep femoral artery. The collagen with the footplate was caught with myocardial biotome forceps (MBF) and pulled into the external iliac artery (EIA). The distal common femoral artery (CFA) was punctured, and we delivered a 10.0- × 80-mm stent (SMART®; Cordis, USA) to the EIA from the ipsilateral sheath. The stent was deployed at the EIA and crushed the collagen. The patient in Case 2 was an 88-year-old man with rest pain in the right limb. The right CFA was punctured using an ipsilateral approach and the Angio-Seal was used for hemostasis. The Angio-Seal collagen with the footplate dropped into the bifurcation of the deep femoral artery. The collagen and footplate were caught with MBF and pulled up to the EIA. The right CFA was punctured and a 10.0- × 60-mm stent (SMART®; Cordis) was delivered from the ipsilateral sheath. The stent was deployed at the EIA and crushed the collagen with the footplate.ConclusionsMBF were used to grasp the dislodged collagen with the anchor and cover it with a stent at the iliac artery. This may be a useful bailout technique for Angio-Seal dislodgement.

Rapid hemostatic covered stent with drug-loaded gelatin-alginate/PVDF Janus composite membrane for coronary artery perforation

The implantation of covered stents has significantly contributed much to the rescue treatment of coronary artery perforation (CAP). The ability to achieve rapid hemostasis in cases of severe coronary artery perforation using covered stents alone has so far been elusive. Here, we investigate a Janus composite covered stent for rapid hemostasis in CAP. The covered stent has the dual functions of sealing perforation and rapid hemostasis, which is suitable for the rescue of CAP. This achievement is realized by assembling the tough polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane and the drug-loaded hemostatic coating, thereby amalgamating their distinct functionalities. The PVDF membrane served as a physical shield that prevented blood leakage and blocked procoagulant drugs from forming the thrombus in the vessel. Meanwhile, the drug-loaded hemostatic coating, when in contact with the perforation area, swiftly procoagulant. The in vitro cytocompatibility and coagulation property tests demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and hemostatic performance of the Janus composite covered stent. The approach is applicable across almost all sizes of common bare stents in clinical, which has great potential for the rescue of CAP.

Ultralight 3D silk nanofiber scaffolds with enhanced hemostatic properties and biocompatibility for rapid hemostasis

Developing an effective hemostatic material that combines excellent biocompatibility with high blood absorption capacity remains a critical clinical challenge. In this study, ultralight three-dimensional (3D) silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds, composed of continuously interconnected nanofibers, are introduced as a novel hemostatic material. The distinctive fluffy nanofiber architecture endows the scaffolds with a remarkable porosity of 78.9 % and exceptional liquid absorption capacity. The integration of montmorillonite (MMT) further enhances the hemostatic properties of the scaffolds, while SF naturally promotes the intrinsic coagulation pathway. The scaffolds exhibit an impressive blood absorption capacity of 1687.7 %. In vitro evaluations indicate that the SF nanofiber scaffolds exhibit a blood clotting index rate of 24.6 %, a hemolysis ratio of less than 4 %, and outstanding biocompatibility. The blood coagulation time is significantly reduced from 449 s to 230 s. Additionally, the scaffolds show adhesion rates to erythrocytes and platelets of 52 % and 45.9 %, respectively. The nanofiber scaffolds aggregate and activate platelets extensively, accelerating the formation of platelet emboli, which collectively contribute to their superior hemostatic performance. Consequently, these nanofiber scaffolds hold substantial promise as absorbable hemostatic agents for achieving rapid hemostasis in clinical applications.

Multifunctional injectable oxidized sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel for rapid hemostasis

Uncontrolled bleeding from incompressible or irregularly shaped wounds is a major factor in the death of people in the battlefield or surgery process. Ideal rapid hemostatic materials should have the performance of rapid hemostasis and at the same time can be applied to a variety of complex wound trauma types, in addition, excellent antimicrobial properties, adhesion, biocompatibility, degradation, and the non-toxicity of degradation products are also necessary, but there are fewer hemostatic materials that meet these requirements. Herein, we prepared an injectable hemostatic hydrogel based on the natural products sodium alginate (SA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC). Oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) was prepared by the oxidation reaction of NaIO4 with SA, and OSA with aldehyde group was mixed with CMC with amino group to rapidly form an in situ injectable hemostatic hydrogel (OSA/CMC) by the Schiff base reaction. OSA/CMC hydrogel exhibited excellent antimicrobial and adhesion properties by the Schiff base reaction. In addition, OSA/CMC hydrogel directly activate the endogenous coagulation pathway through the synergistic effect of OSA, CMC to enhance the hemostatic effect. The results of in vivo hemostasis study showed that OSA/CMC hydrogel significantly accelerated hemostasis and reduced blood loss in liver hemorrhage model and tail amputation model. Therefore, OSA/CMC hydrogel is expected to be a potential material in the direction of rapid clinical hemostasis due to its good adhesion properties, antimicrobial properties, biocompatibility, blood compatibility, and efficient rapid hemostasis.

Injectable self-healing alginate/PEG hydrogels cross-linked via thiol-Michael addition bonds for hemostasis and wound healing

In this study, an alginate/PEG hydrogel was developed via a thiol-Michael addition reaction between oxidized quinone of catechols on dopamine-grafted sodium alginate (SA-DA) and sulfhydryl groups of 4-arm polyethylene glycol tetra-thiol (4-arm PEG-SH) under mildly basic conditions. Through the formation of thiol-terminated catechol groups, the accompanying oxidized catechols are reduced, significantly strengthening the internal network structure of the hydrogel and improving tissue adhesion. Meanwhile, the hydrogels have excellent self-healing properties due to the dynamic non-covalent bonds between the groups. Adjustment of hydrogel properties by varying the mass ratio of two hydrogel precursors. Due to the high content of thiol-terminated catechol groups, the Gel 3 exhibited good tissue adhesion, rapid self-healing ability, and other multifunctions beneficial to wound healing, including killing of E. coli and S. aureus, rapid hemostasis and promoting migration of L929 cells. The full-thickness skin wound model shows that the hydrogel dressing significantly accelerated wound contraction, with increased granulation tissue thickness, collagen disposition, and enhanced vascularization, thus promoting wound healing. Therefore, the thiol-Michael addition reaction is an effective method for creating multifunctional hydrogels, and the injectable self-healing alginate/PEG hydrogels prepared in this way could be used in the biomedical area as wound healing dressing materials.

Preparation of a nanofiber membrane loaded with Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. Extract for rapid hemostasis

Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. is a plant with a rapid hemostatic effect that is mainly distributed in Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, and other provinces in China. In this study, we prepared a new rapid hemostatic wound dressing using Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. extract (MDLE). Nanofiber membranes (PVA/CS/MDLE) consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (CS), and different doses of MDLE were prepared using an electrospinning method.Then, each group of nanofiber membranes was characterized using SEM, FTIR, and XRD. The diameters of PVA/CS, PVA/CS/2.8 %-MDLE, PVA/CS/5.5 %-MDLE, and PVA/CS/8.2 %-MDLE were 207.2 ± 36.65 nm, 313.3 ± 68.14 nm, 350.0 ± 80.55 nm, and 371.1 ± 82.84 nm, respectively. PVA/CS/2.8 %-MDLE exhibited the greatest mechanical strength, while PVA/CS/5.5 %-MDLE exhibited the greatest elongation at break. PVA/CS/5.5 %-MDLE and PVA/CS/8.2 %-MDLE exhibited significant bacteriostatic effects and inhibited Staphylococcus aureus more effectively than Escherichia coli. The PVA/CS/8.2 %-MDLE group had a significant hemostatic effect (P < 0.001), and all groups exhibited hydrophilicity, swelling ratios, and low toxicity. As the drug concentration increased, the time required for hemostasis decreased. Overall, these findings demonstrated that the PVA/CS/MDLE has great potential as a wound dressing. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a functional nanofiber with rapid hemostasis has been successfully prepared using MDLE.

Highly Deformable and Robust Ionic Structure for Multi‐Tissue Adaptive Hemostatic Sponges

AbstractAccidental trauma is always accompanied by tissue defects with noncompressible hemorrhages. Deformable and tough biomaterials are desirable for self‐compressible hemostasis, although their preparation is challenging. Here, a critical‐size calcium phosphate (C–CaP) with polymer‐like high deformability and mineral‐like high bending strength is prepared, which is hybridized with silk fibroin (SF) to fabricate a hemostatic sponge (SF‐C). C–CaP endows SF‐C with an ultrahigh elastic modulus (36.0 kPa) among analogous materials, leading to an ultrafast water absorption rate (1.2 g cm−3 s−1) and space‐filling rate (200.0%/s). The deformability of the SF‐C sponge further enables self‐adaptability to defects with micrometre‐scale precision. Consequently, SF‐C achieves rapid hemostasis in both damaged soft tissues and hard tissues in rats, resulting in less blood loss and a shorter hemostatic time than those of clinical materials. This study provides a promising hemostatic material for the treatment of hemorrhages in defective tissues and expands the current knowledge by revealing the critical‐sized ionic structure and unique mechanics of C–CaP.

Blood-responsive mussel-inspired hydrogels for hemostasis, antibacterial action, and wound healing

Rapid hemostasis, potent antimicrobial activity, and efficient wound management are critical factors in enhancing the survival of trauma patients. Chitosan, as a green and sustainable biomaterial with low cost, degradability and biocompatibility, is widely used in the biomedical field. However, chitosan dissolves in an acidic environment, which is not conducive to wound healing. In this study, chitosan was chemically modified to address this limitation. A mussel-inspired hydrogel composed of caffeic acid-grafted chitosan, gallic acid-grafted chitosan, and oxidized microcrystalline cellulose (CHI-C/CSG/OMCC) was designed. This hydrogel exhibits blood-responsive gelation behavior and offers a synergistic combination of tissue adhesion, antimicrobial properties, and tissue repair capabilities. The carboxyl, hydroxyl, phenolic hydroxyl and aldehyde groups within the hydrogel system endowed the hydrogel with excellent adhesion properties (53.1 kPa adhesion strength to porcine skin-adherent tissues), biocompatibility, and excellent antimicrobial properties. Surprisingly, this hydrogel not only achieved rapid and effective hemostasis, but also effectively promoted wound healing in a mouse skin injury model. In addition, its remarkable efficacy in stopping bleeding within approximately 2 min without rebleeding was demonstrated in a porcine model of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. This blood-responsive ternary hydrogel offers a promising alternative to wound management materials due to its excellent overall performance and superior efficacy in all phases of wound healing.

Novel Honeycomb Nanoclay Frameworks With Hemostatic and Antibacterial Properties.

Our laboratory recently developed a new class of high surface area, honeycomb Nanoclay Microsphere Framework absorbents (NMFs) that prompt rapid hemostasis. In the present work, we propose a novel approach to develop antibacterial Topical Hemostatic Agents (THAs) by anchoring silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) onto NMFs. This combination was obtained by a chemical co-reduction approach, followed by freeze-processing, and was shown to ensure stability and on-site delivery of AgNPs, without altering the hemostatic properties of NMFs. Silver-loaded NMFs showed no change in their unique architecture and led to a 55% increase in clot strength, compared to standard control plasma or commercially available THA, and a significant decrease in mean fibrin fiber diameter. Silver nanoparticles were successfully released when solubilized and prevented the growth of both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus at concentrations of 22 and 30 ppm of silver released, respectively. Overall, cell mortality was between 9.1 ± 5.1% and 6.3 ± 3.2%, depending on AgNP concentration, confirming a low cytotoxicity. Silver-loaded nanoclay microsphere frameworks appear to constitute promising candidates as topical hemostatic agents for secondary management of hemostasis when infection control is needed.

An Injectable Thermosensitive Hydrogel with Antibacterial and Antioxidation Properties for Accelerating Wound Healing.

As a new type of wound dressing, hydrogels have attracted more and more attention. However, traditional hydrogel wound dressings lack inherent antibacterial properties and are difficult to match irregular wounds, which leads to an easy wound bacterial infection. To solve the problems associated with traditional hydrogels, in this research, a thermosensitive hydrogel (PFLD) for wound dressings was developed based on Poloxamer 407 (PF127), lysine (Lys), and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). Rheological tests indicated that the PFLD hydrogel possesses injectability, adaptability to deformation, and sufficient mechanical strength for wound dressing applications. In addition, it could in situ gel at 33 °C, which indicated that the hydrogel could undergo sol-to-gel transition under body temperature. Upon using it in wound treatment, it could adapt to irregular wounds to achieve full coverage of the wound and promote the rapid hemostasis of wound bleeding. Due to the presence of DOPAC in the hydrogel, it exhibited excellent antibacterial and antioxidant properties on the wounds. The skin defect model showed that the wound shrinkage was the fastest after PFLD hydrogel treatment. On day 14, the wound shrinkage rates were 81.68 and 99.77% for the control and PFLD hydrogel groups, respectively. Therefore, the PFLD hydrogel has a broad application prospect as a dressing for the treatment of irregular wounds.