Rapid Extraction Research Articles

Comparative evaluation of PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for detecting Pasteurella multocida in poultry

ABSTRACT Aims To develop a colourimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of Pasteurella multocida in clinical poultry samples and compare the performance of this assay with PCR. A secondary aim was to evaluate a simple DNA extraction method that could enable LAMP-based testing in the field without the need for specialised laboratory equipment. Methods Primer sets for both LAMP and PCR were designed to amplify the KMT1 gene of P. multocida. DNA was extracted from 12 P. multocida isolates using a commercial extraction kit, and subjected to analysis using both LAMP and PCR. The analytical specificity of the LAMP assay was evaluated by testing it against a panel of 12 unrelated bacterial species, and the analytical sensitivity (limit of detection) was determined through testing of serial dilutions of the target DNA and compared to that of PCR. Subsequently, cloacal swabs (n = 40) from a commercial turkey flock were subjected to analysis using both LAMP and PCR assays, using a rapid DNA extraction method and a commercial extraction kit. Clinical sensitivity and specificity of the LAMP assay were calculated in comparison to PCR. Results A single DNA fragment of the expected size (∼ 200 base pairs), was amplified by PCR from 12 P. multocida isolates, which were also all positive by the LAMP assay. The identity of all PCR amplicons was confirmed by sequencing. Both PCR and LAMP showed similar analytical sensitivity, with a LOD of 20 pg of target DNA. As neither PCR nor LAMP assays produced positive results with 12 non-related bacterial species, the analytical specificity was assessed as 100%. However, LAMP demonstrated lower clinical specificity (94.74%) compared to PCR (100%) when 40 clinical samples were tested. None of the DNA samples extracted using the simplified DNA extraction method were amplified by either LAMP or PCR. Conclusion The LAMP assay developed in this study exhibits comparable performance to PCR in detecting P. multocida. Clinical relevance The use of a rapid and portable DNA extraction method, in conjunction with LAMP assays, could create opportunities for point-of-care testing for fowl cholera in field settings.

Facile synthesis of active sites-rich magnetic adsorbent by simple one-pot hydrothermal strategy for quick and highly capable capture of female-steroid hormones

Rapid and efficient extraction is highly desired in the accurate quantification of female-steroid hormones (FSHs) in complex samples. In this context, an active sites-rich magnetic adsorbent (MAC) modified with carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes and 4-vinylphenylboronic acid was facilely synthesized through one-pot hydrothermal technique for the magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of FSHs in water and urine samples. Various characterizations revealed that the prepared adsorbent contained abundant functional groups, acceptable magnetic properties, high surface area and good stability. Due to the multiple interactions, the developed MAC/MSPE exhibited high isolation and preconcentration capability towards studied FSHs within 10 min. The concentration factors were 151–354 and the adsorption capacity was as high as 3.2 mg/g. Adsorption behaviors of MAC/MSPE towards FSHs were studied based on adsorption kinetics and isotherm experiments. After optimizing the extraction parameters, the MAC/MSPE was combined with HPLC to sensitive and reliable monitoring of studied FSHs in various waters and female urine samples. The limits of detection and recoveries with different spiked contents were 0.0015–0.0026 μg/L and 80.1–119 %, respectively. Accuracy of the established method was evaluated by confirmatory testing. Moreover, sample preparation greenness of the developed method was assessed. The present study uncovered the prospect of MAC/MSPE in the rapid and highly capable capture of FSHs, and also supplied a sensitive and reliable approach for the monitoring of trace FSHs in complex samples.

Photovoltaic-driven dual-oxidation seawater electrolyzer for sustainable lithium recovery

The insatiable demand for lithium in portable energy storage necessitates a sustainable and low-carbon approach to its recovery. Conventional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical methods heavily involve hazardous chemicals and significant CO2 emissions. Herein, by integrating electrode oxidation with electrolyte oxidation, we establish a photovoltaic-driven "dual-oxidation" seawater electrolyzer system for low-carbon footprint and high lithium recovery. A 98.96% lithium leaching rate with 99.60% product purity was demonstrated for lithium recovery from spent LiFePO4 cathode materials. In-depth mechanism studies reveal that the electric field-driven electrode oxidation and in situ generated oxidative electrolyte synergetically contributes to lithium ions leaching via a structural framework elements oxidation and particle corrosion splitting synergy. This dual-oxidation mechanism facilitates rapid and efficient lithium extraction with broad universality, offering significant economic and environmental benefits. Our work showcases a promising strategy for integrating dual oxidation within a photovoltaic-driven seawater electrolyzer, paving the way for low-carbon lithium recovery from diverse solid wastes and minerals within a sustainable circular economy.

Role of Trap Optimization in a Heterostructure Carbon Nitride as a Methodology to Enhance Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production.

Carbon-based catalysts hold significant promise for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. A critical challenge lies in optimizing the balance between electron longevity and its accumulation to avoid bottlenecks in photocatalytic efficiency. In this study, we introduce an innovative and efficient strategy for the rapid extraction (<100 fs) of photoinduced free electrons from a carbon-based catalyst without forming additional metal-based heterojunction hybrids. This method effectively prevents excessive accumulation of free carriers within the catalyst. The rapidly extracted electrons are then utilized for photocatalytic hydrogen production, resulting in a 10-fold increase in activity compared to the pristine catalyst, with platinum (3 wt%) used as a cocatalyst. Our strategy significantly enhances the performance of a state-of-the-art catalyst, offering a clean and cost-effective method for producing clean energy. This work demonstrates how a fundamental understanding of molecular-level phenomena and their optimization can pave the way for delivering clean and affordable energy to society.

NANOPORE-BASED INTRA-OPERATIVE CLASSIfiCATION OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMOURS IN THE NHS

Abstract AIMS The 2021 WHO classification of CNS tumours necessitates the use of molecular testing in order to reach a confident diagnosis of many tumour types. At present, this is achieved using array-based technology delivered by a centralised model. This approach has inherent delays that mean it is often several weeks before the treating clinical team is informed of diagnosis, delaying the start of adjuvant therapy and causing significant distress for patients. As such, there is an urgent need to rethink this pathway and improve time to diagnosis. Nanopore longread sequencing technology has the potential to enable a paradigm shift in diagnostic and therapeutic pathways, offering rapid, comprehensive molecular diagnosis that can be performed in the intra-operative setting. We aimed to test the hypothesis that intra-operative methylation-based classification can be performed using nanopore sequencing and thereby expediently inform surgical and oncological decision-making. METHOD Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) is a native-strand, long-read sequencing platform that can perform copy- number profiling along with parallel single-gene methylation, structural variant, mutational and methylation analyses. Capital and consumable costs are relatively low, and testing can be performed in the local setting on single samples. We have optimised DNA extraction and library preparation for rapid tissue processing. We have developed a robust bioinformatic pipeline which is able to produce intraoperative classification within minutes of sequencing and full molecular profiling after 24 hours. RESULTS We demonstrate the feasibility of using ONT to deliver intra-operative methylation-based classification of CNS tumours in ‘realtime’ within an NHS hospital setting and will discuss the challenges of implementing this testing and the opportunities to inform neuro-oncological practice. CONCLUSION By giving a summary of our novel protocol of rapid DNA extraction, library preparation and bioinformatic analysis, we will show that this approach can revolutionise the diagnosis of brain tumours and has the potential for rapid adoption by non-expert laboratories.

Modified rat pup cerebrospinal fluid collection method

BackgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reflects biochemical changes in the brain due to its direct contact with brain interstitial fluid, making it a valuable tool for diagnosing and monitoring disease progression and therapeutic effectiveness in clinical practice. However, collecting CSF in animal studies, particularly from small animals like rat pups or mice, poses significant challenges. New methodAfter attempting various reported protocols, we encountered difficulties in consistently obtaining sufficient CSF from rat pups (P7-P42). Consequently, we modified these methods and developed a protocol with controllable and precise parameters for each step, enhancing reproducibility across different researchers. ResultsThe newly developed method enables rapid, single-operator, and reproducible CSF extraction while ensuring high-quality (the absorbance of the “quality control solution” at 415 nm < 0.05 AU, an indicator of oxyhemoglobin contamination for the collected CSF samples) and high-yield samples (33 ± 2.128 μL for P7 pups, 34.10 ± 2.747 μL for P8 pups, 36.67 ± 3.997 μL for P9 pups, 36.90 ± 1.946 μL for P10 pups, 35.11 ± 3.285 μL for P10 hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) pups and 51.70 ± 5.256 μL for P42 pups, respectively). Comparison with existing methodsUnlike existing methods of CSF extraction in rat pups, our protocol has reproducible capillary pipette pulling parameters, controllable CSF quality indexes, and can be operated by a single person with high yield in a short time. ConclusionsThis paper provides a step-by-step comparison and discussion of the CSF collection process, establishing a method that enables a single operator to collect CSF rapidly, consistently, sufficiently, and with controlled quality.

Petrous bones versus tooth cementum for genetic analysis of aged skeletal remains.

A proper sampling strategy is important to obtain sufficient DNA for successful identification of aged skeletal remains. The petrous bone is the highest DNA-yielding bone in the human body. Because DNA extraction from the petrous bone is very destructive, the demand for other DNA sources is significant. When investigating aged skeletal remains, teeth are usually preserved, and recent studies have shown that DNA in teeth can be best preserved in the dental cementum that surrounds the surface of the tooth root. To extract DNA from the surface of the tooth root, a nondestructive method without grinding was used. Petrous bones and teeth from 60 archaeological adult skeletons were analyzed. The DNA yield, degree of DNA degradation, and STR typing success were compared, and the results showed higher DNA yield and higher amplification success in petrous bones, despite higher degradation of petrous bones' DNA. The greater success of petrous bones is associated with poorly preserved DNA in a quarter of the teeth analyzed. When teeth with badly preserved DNA were excluded from the statistical analysis, no differences in the success of STR loci amplification were observed even if DNA yield was higher in petrous bones, which can be explained by greater degradation of petrous bones' DNA. When teeth are well preserved, they can be used for genetically analyzing aged skeletal remains instead of petrous bones, and a rapid nondestructive extraction method can be applied to shorten the identification process and to physically preserve the biological specimen.

A Multi-View Real-Time Approach for Rapid Point Cloud Acquisition and Reconstruction in Goats

The body size, shape, weight, and scoring of goats are crucial indicators for assessing their growth, health, and meat production. The application of computer vision technology to measure these parameters is becoming increasingly prevalent. However, in real farm environments, obstacles, such as fences, ground conditions, and dust, pose significant challenges for obtaining accurate goat point cloud data. These obstacles lead to difficulties in rapid data extraction and result in incomplete reconstructions, causing substantial measurement errors. To address these challenges, we developed a system for real-time, non-contact acquisition, extraction, and reconstruction of goat point clouds using three depth cameras. The system operates in a scenario where goats walk naturally through a designated channel, and bidirectional distributed triggering logic is employed to ensure real-time acquisition of the point cloud. We also designed a noise recognition and filtering method tailored to handle complex environmental interferences found on farms, enabling automatic extraction of the goat point cloud. Furthermore, a distributed point cloud completion algorithm was developed to reconstruct missing sections of the goat point cloud caused by unavoidable factors such as railings and dust. Measurements of body height, body slant length, and chest circumference were calculated separately with deviation of no more than 25 mm and an average error of 3.1%. The system processes each goat in an average time of 3–5 s. This method provides rapid and accurate extraction and complementary reconstruction of 3D point clouds of goats in motion on real farms, without human intervention. It offers a valuable technological solution for non-contact monitoring and evaluation of goat body size, weight, shape, and appearance.

Analysis of Antioxidants from Three Parts of Polygonum Chinense Based on Online Extraction High Performance Liquid Chromatography Antioxidant Analysis System.

In the current study, a rapid online extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) antioxidant analysis approach was developed to explore the antioxidant ingredients in three different parts of Polygonum Chinense. A total of 22 chromatographic peaks were found, among which 8 components were found for the first time. And among these 22 peaks, 19 of them were demonstrated as antioxidants. Furthermo, all three parts from Polygonum Chinense exhibited antioxidant activity (13.19, 3.89, and 19.85 mg CE/g extract, for the leaf, stem, and flower, respectively) and the antioxidant activity values of the leaf and flower were more than 3 times that of the stem. The leaf, flower, and stem of Polygonum Chinense had 17, 13, and 15 antioxidant components, respectively. Among them, neochlorogenic acid (2) and quercetin-3-O-malonylglucoside (18) were considered as the main antioxidants in the leaf of Polygonum Chinense. In terms of flower, geraniin (10) and quercetin-3-O-malonylglucoside (18) were proved as the major antioxidants. This is the first report on the antioxidant components from different parts of Polygonum Chinense. It provides foundational scientific data for the continued exploration of chemical and pharmacological study of Polygonum Chinense, beneficial for the future product development and quality evaluation improvement of Polygonum Chinense.

Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Dalbavancin in Plasma of Pediatric and Young Adult Patients.

Dalbavancin, an antimicrobial lipoglycopeptide, is authorized in Europe for treating acute bacterial infections of the skin and skin structures in adults and pediatric patients aged 3 months and older. However, off-label dosing regimens have been proposed for various indications beyond acute bacterial infections of the skin and skin structures. This study presents a novel bioanalytical method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to quantify dalbavancin in low-volume plasma samples (50 μL). The method underwent validation in accordance with international guidelines for bioanalytical method validation and was applied to 9 clinical samples obtained from pediatric and young adult patients undergoing dalbavancin therapy. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses were conducted at the G. Gaslini Institute in Genoa, Italy, utilizing an Ultimate 3000 ultra high performance liquid chromatography system coupled to a TSQ Quantiva Triple Quadrupole system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Milan, Italy). The analytical procedure involved the addition of deuterated dalbavancin as internal standard and a rapid extraction from 50 µL of human plasma, followed by chromatographic separation on a Thermo Scientific Accucore Polar Premium column. Accurate quantification of the analyte was achieved through multiple reaction monitoring detection. The assay exhibited linearity within the concentration range of 0.66-400 mcg/mL in plasma, demonstrating accuracy and reproducibility in the absence of matrix effects. Stability testing was conducted on both quality controls and real samples to establish a robust protocol under real-life conditions. This fast and reliable dalbavancin quantitation method could improve current pediatric clinical practice by enabling data collection for future dose recommendations in special patient populations.

A dataset for developing proteomic tools for pathogen detection via differential cell lysis of whole blood samples

This data descriptor presents a curated dataset for pathogen detection and identification (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans) directly from whole-blood samples. The dataset was created using differential cell lysis combined with rapid extraction, digestion, and mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Our method offers a rapid diagnostic alternative to traditional culture, enabling timely disease management, such as sepsis. Highlighting our dataset’s uniqueness, it features a three-tier structure: Spectral Libraries of Pathogens for identifying peptide peaks for putative biomarkers; Spiked pathogen in blood MS data for biomarker panel optimization through varied concentration samples; and Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) data from sepsis patients for validating our biomarker panel, achieving 83.3% sensitivity within seven hours without microbial enrichment culture. This dataset serves as a comprehensive reference for bioinformatic tool development and biomarker panel proposals, advancing microbial detection, antimicrobial resistance, and epidemiological studies.

Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Extraction from Bivalve Meat for Analysis Using Potentiometric Chemical Sensors.

A simple and reliable methodology for the detection of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in bivalve tissues using potentiometric chemical sensors was developed. Five methods of PST extraction from mussel and oyster tissues were evaluated, including the AOAC-recommended method, which served as the reference. The main objective was to minimize the matrix effect of the extracts on the sensors' responses and ensure efficient toxin recovery. Extraction procedures using acetic acid with heating and water yielded the highest responses from the potentiometric chemical sensors to PSTs. The highest recovery of PSTs from bivalve tissues was achieved with extraction using acetic acid and heating. Further extract purification, which is indispensable for liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection (LC-FLD) analysis, was found to be unnecessary for analysis with chemical sensors. While water extraction can also be used as a rapid and simple PST extraction method, the lower recoveries should be considered when interpreting the results. Further research is needed to identify the compounds remaining in the extracts that cause a decrease in sensor responses and to develop procedures for their elimination.

Quantitatively detecting ground surface changes of slope failure caused by heavy rain using ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 data: a case study in Japan

Many SAR images have been utilized for geologic disasters investigations with the continuous launch of new Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellites such as ALOS-2/PALSAR-2. However, to proactively respond to transient slope failures caused by heavy rainfall, rapid extraction of areas of surface change accompanying slope failures is required. This study proposes two methods for quantitatively extracting slope failure areas using L-band SAR observations with slope units (SUs) as the evaluation units. The first method is based on the threshold method, which automates the selection of thresholds for various disaster-affected conditions, such as land use and topography. The second method is a machine-learning-based density ratio estimation method, which uses multi-temporal periodic observation data and pre- and post-disaster data to detect outliers through feature selection optimization. In the observation direction with the shortest satellite observation period, the F1 score (The F1 score is the harmonic mean of the precision and recall) of the threshold method for accuracy evaluation is 61.91%, and the F1 score of the density ratio method is 65.87%. Both methods can reduce the problem of low extraction accuracy caused by the effect of speckle noise. When slope failure occurs, both methods can extract the area of surface change within hours of a disaster. The method proposed in this study displays good applicability in supporting emergency rescue and the prevention of secondary disasters.

Rapid extraction of trace benzene by a crown-ether-based metal-organic framework

Rapid extraction of trace benzene by a crown-ether-based metal-organic framework

A lightweight visual mamba network for image recognition under resource-limited environments

The Vision Transformers (ViTs) models show great potential in recognition due to their excellent self-attention mechanisms. However, they often need more computational complexity, making achieving high performance in resource-constrained environments challenging. This paper proposes a lightweight visual model (called LightViM) to tackle these challenges, specifically devised for recognition challenges under resource-constrained environments. Considering the imperative of reducing the model’s computational complexity and resource consumption , we propose lightweight local–global feature fusion modules based on Mamba (LGF-Mamba) aimed at integrating spatially detailed local information with globally contextualized features while maintaining lower linear time complexity. In LGF-Mamba, Mamba sub-blocks are first designed to extract global information; then, for the rapid extraction of local features, LocalE module is designed and integrated into LGF-Mamba, exploring more comprehensive feature representation. This mechanism efficiently directs the network to integrate features from different spatial scales, thereby improving the recognition performance in resource-constrained environments. Experimental results indicate that, in comparison to other leading-edge lightweight methods, the proposed procedure simultaneously achieves superior recognition performance and minimal resource consumption.

Efficiency-enhancing methods for predicting nitrogen mineralization characteristics in paddy soils using soil properties and rapid soil extraction

Soil mineralized nitrogen (N) is a vital component of soil N supply capacity and an important N source for rice growth. Unveiling N mineralization (Nm) process characteristics and developing a simple and effective approach to evaluate soil Nm are imperative to guide N fertilizer application and enhance its efficiency in various paddy soils with different physicochemical properties. Soil properties are important driving factors contributing to soil Nm differences and must be considered to achieve effective N management. Nevertheless, discrepancies in Nm capacity and other key influencing factors remain uncertain. To address this knowledge gap, this study collected 52 paddy soil samples from Taihu Lake Basin, south China, which possesses vastly different physicochemical properties. The samples were subjected to a submerged anaerobic incubation experiment at a constant temperature to obtain the soil Nm characteristics. In addition to other analyses, reaction kinetics models were employed to compare characteristic differences between Nm potential (Nmp) and short-term accumulated mineralized N (Amn) processes in relation to soil physicochemical properties. Based on these relationships, simplified Nmp prediction methods for paddy soils were established. The results revealed that the Nmp values in pH < 6.50, pH range from 6.50 to 7.50, and pH > 7.50 were 145.18 mg kg-1, 88.64 mg kg-1 and 21.03 mg kg-1, respectively. Significantly, after comparing different incubation days, short-term Amn at 14 days showed a good correlation (P < 0.01) with Nmp (R2 = 0.94), indicating that the prevailing short-term incubation experiment is an acceptable marker for Nmp. Moreover, Nmp correlated well with the ultraviolet absorbance obtained at 260 nm using NaHCO3 extraction (Na260), streamlining the Nmp estimation method further. The incorporating easily obtainable soil properties, including pH, total nitrogen (TN), and the ratio of total organic carbon to TN (C/N) alongside Na260 for Nmp evaluation allowed the multiple regression model, Nmp = 58.62 × TN - 23.18 × pH + 13.08 × C/N +86.96 × Na260, to achieve high predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.95). The reliability of this prediction was further validated with published data in paddy soil from the same region and the other rice regions, demonstrating the regional applicability and prospects of this model. This study underscored the roles of soil properties in Nm characteristics and mechanisms and established a site-specific prediction model based on rapid extraction and edaphic properties from the paddy soil, paving the way for developing rapid, precise Nm prediction models.

Spectrophotometric determination of zinc in blood and food samples using an air-assisted rapid synergistic-cloud point extraction method based on deep eutectic solvents

At room temperature, an air-assisted rapid synergistic cloud point extraction (AA-RS-CPE) method based on deep eutectic solvent (DES) was presented to determine Zn (II) traces in various samples. Nonanoic acid and L-menthol formed the synergistic reagent (DES) in a 2:1 mole ratio to reduce both time and cloud point temperature. Air cycles were used to maximize recovery and accelerate cloudy solution formation. The 4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-N-phenylcyclohexanecarbothioamide (DDPCCTA) and TritonX-100 were used as ligand and surfactant, respectively. The validation parameters, including the calibration curve linearity (0.2-900µgL-1), the limit of detection (LOD = 0.10µgL-1), the enhancement factor (EF = 120), and the preconcentration factor (PE = 100), were calculated. Additionally, the accuracy of the AA-RS-DES-CPE approach was proved by two certified reference materials (CRMs). Finally, the three greenness tools, the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI), the Sample Preparation Metric of Sustainability (SPMS), and the Analytical Greenness Metric for Sample Preparation (AGREEprep), were used to evaluate the environmental sustainability values, health hazards, and applicability of this method. This approach was improved to be safer and more environmentally friendly than existing methods, with high application potential.

Technical Development and In Silico Implementation of SyntheticMR in Head and Neck Adaptive Radiation Therapy: A Prospective R-IDEAL Stage 0/1 Technology Development Report.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the technical feasibility of integrating the quantitative maps available from SyntheticMR into the head and neck adaptive radiation oncology workflow. While SyntheticMR has been investigated for diagnostic applications, no studies have investigated its feasibility and potential for MR-Simulation or MR-Linac workflow. Demonstrating the feasibility of using this technique will facilitate rapid quantitative biomarker extraction which can be leveraged to guide adaptive radiation therapy decision making. Two phantoms, two healthy volunteers, and one patient were scanned using SyntheticMR on the MR-Simulation and MR-Linac devices with scan times between four to six minutes. Images in phantoms and volunteers were conducted in a test/retest protocol. The correlation between measured and reference quantitative T1, T2, and PD values were determined across clinical ranges in the phantom. Distortion was also studied. Contours of head and neck organs-at-risk (OAR) were drawn and applied to extract T1, T2, and PD. These values were plotted against each other, clusters were computed, and their separability significance was determined to evaluate SyntheticMR for differentiating tumor and normal tissue. The Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient between the measured and phantom reference values was above 0.98 for both the MR-Sim and MR-Linac. No significant levels of distortion were measured. The mean bias between the measured and phantom reference values across repeated scans was below 4% for T1, 7% for T2, and 4% for PD for both the MR-Sim and MR-Linac. For T1 vs. T2 and T1 vs. PD, the GTV contour exhibited perfect purity against neighboring OARs while being 0.7 for T2 vs. PD. All cluster significance levels between the GTV and the nearest OAR, the tongue, using the SigClust method was p < 0.001. The technical feasibility of SyntheticMR was confirmed. Application of this technique to the head and neck adaptive radiation therapy workflow can enrich the current quantitative biomarker landscape.

Magnetic solid-phase extraction of amoxicillin and doxycycline from water and urine samples based on cetylpyridinium chloride-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles followed by spectrophotometric determination.

This research describes an easy, rapid, and inexpensive magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) approach employing Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles modified with cetylpyridinium chloride (Fe3O4@CPC/MNPs) for extracting amoxicillin (AMX) and doxycycline (DOX) after derivatization with 4-chloroaniline as a color reagent. The azo-coupling of AMX and DOX with the color reagent in the alkaline medium caused yellow and yellow-orange azo dyes with maximum absorption wavelengths of 435 and 438 nm, respectively. The UV-Vis spectroscopy was utilized to determine the target analyte after the extraction procedure. Good linearities (R2 > 0.99) in the concentration ranges of 0.03-4.50 and 0.05-6.00µg/mL were obtained for AMX and DOX, respectively. The experimental detection limits of AMX and DOX were obtained as 0.01 and 0.02 µg/mL, respectively. The developed approach was effectively applied to pre-concentrate and quantify AMX and DOX in environmental water and urine samples.

Sustainable reuse of date palm biomass via extraction of cellulose using natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) and microwave-assisted process

In Saudi Arabia, date palm biomass is often considered bulk waste, posing health risks to humans and the environment when incinerated or disposed of in landfills. This study explores the reuse of date palm biomass through cellulose extraction using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NaDES) and Microwave-assisted process as compared with conventional alkali peroxide method. Characterization of the extracted cellulose was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffractometry (XRD), and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Our NaDES-microwave method produced a cellulosic product with a yield of 89 %, double that of conventional non-microwave methods and more rapid cellulosic extraction, indicating its favorable efficiency. Moreover, the incorporation of the microwave process resulted in larger cellulosic crystallite sizes and higher thermal stabilities in the produced samples. The utilization of NaDES and microwave-assisted process for cellulose extraction from date palm biomass not only demonstrates superior efficiency, but also accentuates a significant sustainability advantage by repurposing a prevalent waste stream, thereby mitigating environmental and health risks associated with traditional disposal methods.