Rapid Assessment Procedure Research Articles

River degradation impacts fish assemblages in Kosovo’s Ibër basin

Fish sampling was conducted in 20 sites within the Ibër River and its tributaries in Kosovo (August 2023) collecting 23 taxa (1674 individuals) through a standardized electrofishing protocol. Relevant physico-chemical measurements and anthropogenic pressures were collected and analyzed with respect to the ichthyological data of the surveyed sites. The survey represents a rapid assessment procedure, limitations and prospects of the effort are described. Several attributes of the fish assemblages showed severe degradation, characterized by low population densities, low species diversity, minimal reproductive evidence and the absence of several sentinel species. Multiple anthropogenic pressures have severely modified the fish communities over a wide area; pollution, barriers to movement and hydroelectric dams stand out as important drivers of degradation. Only two fish species showed some level of tolerance to heavily polluted waters (Carassius gibellio, Rutilus rutilus). Low fish population densities were also correlated with various forms of hydromorphological degradation. Only Barbatula barbatula, Phoxinus sp. and Lepomis gibbosus had proportionately higher population densities in areas where impoundments and power-station dam hydropeaking were severe. In this regard, conservation actions are urgently needed.

Analisis kebijakan RAD Membangun Generasi Unggul melalui 8000 HPK di Kota Yogyakarta

The target of accelerating stunting reduction includes the period from pregnancy to adolescence, where every period of life has the opportunity to correct past growth failures. This study aims to present the results of the evaluation of the implementation of the Regional Action Plan (RAD) policy to build a superior generation through the First 8000 Days of Life (HPK) in 2021–2025 Yogyakarta City. The method used in this study is a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative research is carried out with a cross-sectional design, including analysis of the health situation, related factors, and program achievements. Data sources are obtained from routine data report documents and other official websites. Data is analyzed in a descriptive way by presenting proportions, trends, narratives, tables, and figures. Meanwhile, qualitative research is carried out by designing rapid assessment procedures (RAP) through FGD and in-depth interviews and analyzed manually based on themes and sub-themes. The instruments of this research are an interview guide, FGD guide and a recorder. The results stated that the prevalence of stunting in Yogyarta City has decreased. Until the end of 2023, the evaluation of stunting reduction is carried out using indicators in accordance with Presidential Regulation 72 of 2021 concerning the acceleration of stunting reduction, but the evaluation with the indicators listed in RAD 8000 HPK has not been carried out comprehensively. Some factors that support the reduction in stunting prevalence are the commitment of regional leaders, good stunting governance, program achievement that is high or above the target, the human development index (HDI), and the high average length of schooling. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors in reducing stunting are economic inequality, knowledge, community participation in Posyandu, littering behavior, and access to health insurance services for non-KTP residents of Yogyakarta City.

Photodegradation of indomethacin and naproxen contained within commercial products for skin – RAP

Patient can be exposed to the photodegradation products of a drug after skin application of topical formulations. NSAIDs, with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, are known for the potential photoinstability, and are applied often in the form of creams, gels or liquids, commonly used among athletes, elderly people, geriatric patients and patients treated with multidrug therapies. Susceptibility to photodegradation hazard of those group arises the need for development of a new approach, with the ability to evaluate the patient safety.We planned to use a rapid assessment procedure (RAP) of safety by testing the photostability of popular skin medicinal products. This method, proposed many years ago by WHO, is now reintroduced to analytical applications in industry, when emergency drugs (e.g. for Covid) are implemented to the market in accelerated procedures. In the health care system, qualitative evaluation of drugs is extremely valuable, therefore we have planned to identify photodegradation using the FTIR method - infrared spectroscopy and DSC - differential scanning calorimetry, whilst the risk of formation of genotoxic products using the Ames test. We have successfully demonstrated that changes in the chemical structure and physical form of both pure APIs and drug products containing the API be assessed in a short time. Another advantage of our work is the combination of the developed results from FTIR/NIR spectra with statistical analysis. As a result, full and quick qualitative assessment of the effects of photoexposure of selected NSAIDs is performed, fortunately showing no mutagenicity. Due to the popularity of NSAIDs applied to the skin, a gel containing naproxen and spray with indomethacin were selected for testing. The analysis carried out for various formulations of both preparations allows us to demonstrate the universality of the applied RAP methods in assessing the risk of hazard to the patient, thus we present research results that expand or widen the knowledge and assessment of risks related to the use of drugs on the skin.

Identifying Physician Public Health Competencies to Address Healthcare Needs in Underserved, Border, and Outer Island Areas of Indonesia: A Rapid Assessment

Phenomenon: Most medical schools in Indonesia have developed innovations to integrate public health content into the curricula. However, ensuring that all schools meet appropriate standards regarding the quality of subjects, content relevancy, and course delivery takes time and effort. Approach: This study employed a rapid assessment procedure to identify the current knowledge and competencies required to practice medicine effectively in underserved, border, and outer island areas of Indonesia. Ninety-three participants from six remote districts were involved in 12 focus group discussions. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis using the social determinants of health as a guiding framework. Findings: Under decentralized health system governance, the local socio-geographical context is critical to understanding the current public health landscape. Medical education with respect to public health must emphasize physicians’ ability to advocate and encourage the coordination of healthcare services in responding to disasters, as well as community-based surveillance and other relevant data for synergistic disease control. As part of a healthcare facility management team, prospective doctors should be able to apply systems thinking and provide critical input to improve service delivery at local health facilities. Also, recognizing underlying factors is essential to realizing effective interprofessional collaboration practices and aligning them with leadership skills. Insights: This study outlines recommendations for medical schools and relevant colleges in formulating compulsory block or integrated public health curricula. It also provides a public health learning topic that may aid medical schools in training their students to be competent for practice in underserved, border, and outer island areas. Medical schools should offer initiatives for students to acquire the necessary public health competencies merited by the population’s health needs.

Understanding responsibility for health inequalities in children’s hospitals in England: a qualitative study with hospital staff

ObjectivesThis study aimed to understand how staff in children’s hospitals view their responsibility to reduce health inequalities for the children and young people who access their services.DesignWe conducted an exploratory...

Use of All-Male cyp17a1-Deficient Zebrafish (Danio rerio) for Evaluation of Environmental Estrogens.

Natural and synthetic environmental estrogens (EEs) are widespread and have received extensive attention. Our previous studies demonstrated that depletion of the cytochrome P450 17a1 gene (cyp17a1) leads to all-testis differentiation phenotype in zebrafish and common carp. In the present study, cyp17a1-deficient zebrafish with defective estrogen biosynthesis were used for the evaluation of EEs, as assessed by monitoring vitellogenin (vtg) expression. A rapid and sensitive assessment procedure was established with the 3-day administration of estradiol (E2), followed by examination of the transcriptional expression of vtgs in our cyp17a1-deficient fish. Compared with the control fish, a higher E2-mediated vtg upregulation observed in cyp17a1-deficient zebrafish exposed to 0.1 μg/L E2 is known to be estrogen receptor-dependent and likely due to impaired in vivo estrogen biosynthesis. The more responsive vtg expression in cyp17a1-deficient zebrafish was observed when exposed to 200 and 2000 μg/L bisphenol A (BPA) and perfluoro-1-octanesulfonate (PFOS). The estrogenic potentials of E2, BPA, and PFOS were compared and assessed by the feminization effect on ovarian differentiation in cyp17a1-deficient zebrafish from 18 to 50 days postfertilization, based on which a higher sensitivity of E2 in ovarian differentiation than BPA and PFOS was concluded. Collectively, through the higher sensitivity to EEs and the capacity to distinguish chemicals with different estrogenic potentials exhibited by the all-male cyp17a1-deficient zebrafish with impaired estrogen biosynthesis, we demonstrated that they can be used as an excellent in vivo model for the evaluation of EEs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1062-1074. © 2024 SETAC.

Analysis of Qualitative Studies on ANC Services During the Covid 19 Pandemic at PMB Ana Hasanah

Background : In this COVID-19 pandemic situation, there are many restrictions on almost all routine services including maternal and newborn health services. Pregnant women are advised to continue to routinely carry out pregnancy checks during the pandemic even though there are service modifications (social distancing). Purpose of Writing: To obtain in-depth information about ANC services during the Covid-19 pandemic at PMB Ana Hasanah. Research Methods: The research used is a qualitative approach with the type of Rapid Assessment Procedures (RAP) research. The informants of this study consisted of 8 pregnant women who made antenatal care visits at PMB Ana Hasanah. While the key informants were husbands or families of pregnant women and Ana Hasanah PMB officers. Research Results: input components, human resources are sufficient and according to standards. Funds are available and sourced from clinic revenue turnover. SOPs are available which refer to the RI Ministry of Health Guidelines. The facilities and infrastructure are complete. For the process component, midwives' independent practice has carried out the flow of antenatal care services and health protocols according to the guidelines, but level 3 PPE is still limited. For the output component, the scope of ANC services has decreased significantly during the pandemic. For the outcome component, pregnant women are satisfied with antenatal care services, but some pregnant women do not have routine checks. Conclusions and Suggestions: The results of this study are expected to provide information to the Mandiri Midwife Practice as a place for maternal and neonatal health services so that they can provide the best service to pregnant women during the pandemic both online and offline so that monitoring of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic can run well.

Development of Cross-Sector Collaboration Indicators in the Child-Friendly City Program in Makassar City

Purpose: This research aims to produce indicators for the cross-sector collaboration process in the KLA Program to measure and evaluate cross-sector performance based on health and welfare indicators in Indonesia. Theoretical reference: This research uses theories from Thomson and Perry in 2006 and also research by Balqis, 2023. Thomson and Perry perfected Gray's theory, which was an early pioneer in the formation of collaboration theory (describing a multidimensional model of collaboration). Method: This research uses a qualitative method with a Rapid Assessment Procedure design, discussing child-friendly district/city programs which are then validated by policymakers. Results and Conclusion: This research produces indicators of cross-collaboration in the KLA program. 17 indicators were identified in five dimensions of collaboration, namely governance dimension which consists of 3 indicators (membership, institutional rules, structural changes) and 7 sub-indicators; The administrative dimension consists of 6 indicators (communication channels, clarity of roles and responsibilities, coordination of policy makers and implementers, completeness of information media data, program evaluation/monitoring) and 14 sub-indicators; The autonomy dimension consists of 2 indicators (programs and budgets) and 9 sub-indicators; The mutuality dimension consists of 3 indicators (exchange of resources, appreciation, HR training in understanding children's rights conventions) and 6 sub-indicators; The norms dimension consist of 3 indicators (trust, commitment, and reward) and 5 sub-indicators. The conclusion of this research is the indicators resulting from the five dimensions of collaboration can be used as a reference to prove quantitatively and used as a tool in measuring cross-sectoral performance in child-friendly district/city programs. Implications of research: These findings contribute to cross-sector collaboration in child-friendly city programs. Apart from that, this can also have implications for policymakers and other stakeholders in developing collaboration indicators to achieve the goals of the child-friendly city program. Originality/Value: This research is conducted using a collaborative approach with five key dimensions of collaboration, namely governance, administration, mutuality, norms, and organizational autonomy. Novelty in this research is original because it offers the concept of developing cross-sector collaboration indicators in the health sector category.

Research Protocol: A Transdisciplinary Multi-Case Study Research Design Using Mixed Methods to Evaluate the Long-Term Impact of Holocaust Museum Education in Australia

Holocaust museums around the world are distinctive in their emphasis on educational missions premised on the idea of “never again”, a deep belief that increasing public awareness of the history and contemporary significance of the Holocaust – the mass murder of six million European Jews by the Nazi regime during World War Two – can prevent the future recurrence of such events. In the Australian context, tens of thousands of school students visit Holocaust museums every year to participate in learning programs designed to impart powerful historical and moral lessons about the Holocaust, its antecedent conditions, and its ongoing relevance. The aspirations attached to these programs and the scale at which they are delivered stand in stark contrast to the lack of empirical evidence to support their efficacy. This research protocol describes an extensive four-year research study designed to evaluate the presumed linear relationship between Holocaust education programs and ethical, moral, and affective learning that leads to durable attitudinal and behavioural change. Funded through the Australian Research Council’s Linkage Projects scheme, the study will assess the impact of Holocaust museums’ education programs on high school students from diverse demographics, including the extent to which participation influences the views and actions of young people in relation to racial and identity-based discrimination. The research design is longitudinal and transdisciplinary, integrating qualitative, quantitative, and participatory techniques across three case studies. By strategically employing rapid ethnographic assessment procedures, archival research, analysis of museum representational practices, surveys, and visual research methods, we will examine both the educational intent behind Holocaust education programs and their actual impacts on a large sample of Australian Year 10 students. We expect the results of the research to be used by our project partners to develop Holocaust education programs that effectively engage students on cognitive and affective levels.

Evaluating the performance of instream structures for a stream restoration project in Colorado

AbstractMetals pollution and channel disturbance associated with historical mining, land use, and water development degraded aquatic and riparian habitat along the upper Arkansas River near Leadville, Colorado. Stream restoration was conducted for an 8 km reach to improve aquatic habitat and increase trout populations. Instream structures were prescribed to stabilize streambanks, create diverse stream morphology, and provide overhead cover, refuge, spawning, and overwinter habitat for trout. At least 90% of all structures were expected to be stable and functional 3 years after implementation. The objectives of this study were to investigate structure performance by (1) evaluating the integrity and function of instream structures and (2) evaluating the change in residual pool depths (RPD). Annual surveys utilized a rapid assessment procedure to qualitatively rank integrity, erosion, and deposition at each structure (n = 137). Rankings were investigated with ordinal regression to determine if performance varied by structure type and year. Longitudinal profile surveys were conducted annually and used to estimate RPD for 86 pools. The change in RPD was investigated with repeated measures ANOVA to determine if RPD varied between structure types and changed over time. Results suggest that some structures were more prone to failure, with higher rankings observed for boulder toe, log vanes, log toe, and boulder vanes. Pool depths increased during construction, decreased following the first runoff, and then remained relatively stable in subsequent years. Understanding the performance of instream structures from this case study will help inform the design, evaluation, and expectations for future stream restoration projects.

EFFECT OF PERCEPTION ON OBESITY AND ALCOHOL DRINKING PREDIABETES CAUSES TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN TORAJA ETHNIC IN SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCE

The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has been increasing in the world for several decades. The International Diabetes Federation predicts the global prevalence of DM to be 382 million in 2013 and 529 million in 2035 and will continue to increase until 22 next year. Indonesia ranks fourth after India, China, and America. Before becoming T2DM, most sufferers experienced prediabetes. Prediabetes to T2DM is influenced by socio-cultural factors including perceptions about obesity and consuming alcohol. This study aims to determine the effect of perceptions of obesity and prediabetes alcohol drinking as a cause of T2DM in the Toraja ethnic in South Sulawesi Province. Qualitative research design with the Rapid Assessment Procedure method. The population is prediabetic from biomedical samples in Tana Toraja and North Toraja Regencies, South Sulawesi Province Riskesdas 2013. The samples are residents with prediabetes and T2DM of the Toraja ethnic group who live in Tana Toraja and North Toraja regency. Information gathering was carried out in 2018 through focus group discussions on two groups (prediabetes and T2DM). In-depth interviews with health service program managers, health center staff, health cadres, and community leaders. Research explains that there is an influence on perceptions of obesity and alcohol drinking in pre-diabetic Toraja people who cause T2DM. Obesity is perceived as a sign that a person has prospered in life, while an alcoholic drink called tuak is the drink consumed daily by the Toraja people.

Co-Designing an Initiative to Increase Shared Access to Older Adults' Patient Portals: Stakeholder Engagement.

The patient portal is a widely available secure digital platform offered by care delivery organizations that enables patients to communicate electronically with clinicians and manage their care. Many organizations allow patients to authorize family members or friends-"care partners"-to share access to patient portal accounts, thus enabling care partners to receive their own identity credentials. Shared access facilitates trilateral information exchange among patients, clinicians, and care partners; however, uptake and awareness of this functionality are limited. We partnered with 3 health care organizations to co-design an initiative that aimed to increase shared access registration and use and that can be implemented using existing patient portals. In 2020, we undertook a rigorous selection process to identify 3 geographically diverse health care organizations that had engaged medical informatics teams and clinical champions within service delivery lines caring for older adults. We prioritized selecting organizations that serve racially and socioeconomically diverse populations and possess sophisticated reporting capabilities, a stable patient portal platform, a sufficient volume of older adult patients, and active patient and family advisory councils. Along with patients and care partners, clinicians, staff, and other stakeholders, the study team co-designed an initiative to increase the uptake of shared access guided by either an iterative, human-centered design process or rapid assessment procedures of stakeholders' inputs. Between February 2020 and April 2022, 73 stakeholder engagements were conducted with patients and care partners, clinicians and clinic staff, medical informatics teams, marketing and communications staff, and administrators, as well as with funders and thought leaders. We collected insights regarding (1) barriers to awareness, registration, and use of shared access; (2) features of consumer-facing educational materials to address identified barriers; (3) features of clinician- and staff-facing materials to address identified barriers; and (4) approaches to fit the initiative into current workflows. Using these inputs iteratively via a human-centered design process, we produced brochures and posters, co-designed organization-specific web pages detailing shared access registration processes, and developed clinician and staff talking points about shared access and staff tip sheets that outline shared access registration steps. Educational materials emphasized the slogan "People remember less than half of what their doctors say," which was selected from 9 candidate alternatives as resonating best with the full range of the initiative's stakeholders. The materials were accompanied by implementation toolkits specifying and reinforcing workflows involving both in-person and telehealth visits. Meaningful and authentic stakeholder engagement allowed our deliberate, iterative, and human-centered co-design aimed at increasing the use of shared access. Our initiative has been launched as a part of a 12-month demonstration that will include quantitative and qualitative analysis of registration and use of shared access. Educational materials are publicly available at Coalition for Care Partners.

Understanding human-water nexus in a floodplain district of the Brahmaputra Valley, India: An integration of socio-hydrological and rural hydrological approaches

The present study delves into the complex human-water relationships that have a significant impact on the concerned socio-cultural practices and economic livelihoods. The primary objective of this research is to explore and comprehend the dynamic relationships between local communities and water systems in the villages of Nagaon district, situated in the floodplain of the Brahmaputra Valley, India. By integrating socio-hydrology and rural hydrology, the study seeks to gain a holistic understanding of water usage patterns, land management practices, and human adjustments to the district's diverse hydrological environment. To achieve its objectives, the present research adopts a comprehensive methodology involving extensive field visits, household and oral surveys, participatory rural appraisal, focus group discussions, rapid rural appraisal, rapid assessment procedure, and hydro-pattern analysis. The findings of the study reveal the profound influence of water on the socio-cultural and economic foundations in the rural areas of Nagaon district, Assam. The shift from rural people's reliance on surface water bodies to groundwater sources has significantly altered human-water interactions in the rural areas of the district. The study's significance lies in addressing certain sustainable water management practices and focusing on the complex human-water interactions for the district and beyond. The interdisciplinary approach adopted in the present work promotes community well-being while preserving the ecological integrity of the district, with global implications for water resource management.

Policy Implementation Analysis of SPM Health Sector for Hypertension Sufferers in South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia in 2022

Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor that causes disability throughout the world and among those who are not aware of their health condition, it is often referred to as the silent killer . The prevalence rate of hypertension in Indonesia is quite high. Based on Riskesdas (2018), South Kalimantan Province shows the highest prevalence of hypertension, but the percentage of hypertension sufferers who receive health services is still low. Banjarbaru City has the lowest percentage, namely 11.3% of the target of 100%. Health services for hypertension sufferers are included in the Minimum Service Standards (SPM) for the Health Sector which are regulated in statutory regulations and government policies. The aim of this research is to analyze the implementation of the SPM policy in the health sector for hypertension sufferers in Banjarbaru City. Qualitative research with a Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP) research design was conducted from May to June 2023 in Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan Province. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, observation and document review. The results of the research show that the implementation of the hypertension SPM policy has not been optimal, as can be seen from the SPM achievement report in the health sector in Banjarbaru City which is in the lowest position among 12 types of basic health services. In conclusion, several obstacles in the implementation of SPM for hypertension are recording and reporting hypertension sufferers, low public awareness of carrying out examinations and treatment at community health centers so that the data is not recorded, there is no special budget allocation for SPM for hypertension at community health centers, and the dual duties of health workers so that they are not optimal in achieve a program. Cross-sector collaborative efforts are needed for integrated recording and reporting of hypertensive patient data, submission of hypertension SPM budgets, efforts to invite the community, and fair distribution of tasks for community health center officers.

Self-reported Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Economic Inflation on the Well-being of Low-income U.S. Veterans.

The health and well-being of low-income populations may be disproportionately impacted by major public health and economic events. This study examined written self-reported impacts of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the economic inflationary period on health from a national sample of 854 low-income U.S. veterans. Responses were analyzed using rapid assessment procedures. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, 59% of participants reported the pandemic had "no effect" on their health, 7% reported increased social isolation, and small proportions of participants reported negative effects on physical and mental health. In response to economic inflation, 43% of participants reported inflation had "no effect" on their health, 11% reported concerns about personal finances, and only small proportions reported other negative psychosocial impacts. Collectively, these findings suggest many low-income veterans are resilient during major events. Further research is needed on long-term health effects of inflation on this population.

Evaluation of rapid seismic safety assessment methods on a substandard reinforced concrete building stock in Istanbul

Exposure, hazard and vulnerability are the components of seismic risk, and knowledge on the vulnerability of the existing buildings is vital to properly assess their risks in seismically active regions. Unfortunately, it is not easy to assess the vulnerability of individual buildings realistically in large building stocks, particularly for regions where the buildings do not comply with the current and previous code regulations. In this study, for assessing the accuracy, applicability and cost-effectiveness of available rapid seismic safety assessment procedures for individual reinforced concrete buildings in huge building stocks, five second stage and three rapid visual screening methods are examined in a comparative manner. For this purpose, these eight methods are used to assess the seismic risks of actual service buildings of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, which had been previously evaluated by the third-level detailed code-based seismic performance assessment procedures. Furthermore, comprehensive site works have been conducted to compute the average time required for collecting data on each parameter necessary to use the investigated rapid assessment methods. Finally, the most cost and time-effective, and highly accurate rapid assessment method among the examined ones is selected to be applied to a vast amount of structures in Istanbul to prioritize them in terms of their seismic risks and plan the large volume mitigation interventions through a realistic and efficient approach.

Socio-cultural Influence on Lifestyle of Prediabetes Causes T2DM in Ethnic Society in South Sulawesi Province

Cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the world are increasing, Indonesia ranks fourth after India, China, and America. The most common DM is type 2 DM (T2DM), which is about 90%. The incidence of T2DM is caused by people’s lifestyles, which are influenced by socio-cultural factors. The highest risk of suffering from T2DM is prediabetes, which is a condition where a person’s blood glucose level is higher than normal but not high enough to be categorized as T2DM. This study aims to determine the socio-cultural influence on the lifestyle of prediabetes causing T2DM in the Bugis, Makassar, and Toraja tribes in South Sulawesi Province. The research design is qualitative with the rapid assessment procedure method. The population were prediabetics from biomedical samples in 7 regencies of South Sulawesi Province at the time of Riskesdas 2013. The samples were residents who are still prediabetes and T2DM in Jeneponto Regency (Makassar Tribe), Pare-Pare City (Bugis Tribe), and Tana Toraja Regency (Toraja Tribe). Information collection was carried out in 2017 through focus group discussions with two groups, non T2DM and T2DM. In-depth interviews with health program managers at the health office, puskesmas officers, health cadres, and community leaders. The study explains that there is a socio-cultural influence of prediabetes, ethnic groups in South Sulawesi Province in shaping the lifestyle that causes T2DM. Socio-cultural influences are the use of vehicles and the habit of doing activities in the Bugis, Makassar, and Toraja tribes. The perception of obesity in the Bugis and Makassar tribes and the habit of consuming alcohol in the Toraja tribe
 Keywords: T2DM, socio-cultural, Bugis, Makassar, and Toraja

Perspectives From Community-Based HIV Service Organization Leaders on Priorities in Serving Sexual and Gender Minority Populations.

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations experience discrimination and care-related barriers when seeking appropriate sexual health services. Using rapid assessment procedures we conducted site visits with 11 community-based HIV service agencies to identify priorities, assets, and needs related to serving SGM clients and assessed the alignment of these services with the city's local Ending the HIV Epidemic plan. We identified and mapped themes across agencies into the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research domains of inner and outer settings: client-facing materials; priorities in serving SGM communities; SGM policies and protocols; collecting sexual orientation and gender identity data; training and education; and funding and scope of programs. Rapid assessment procedures can accelerate the collection and interpretation of data to help public health institutions and community partners make timely adaptations when implementing comprehensive and culturally humble sexual health services for SGM communities.

Factors that Play a Role in Community Participation in Creating Healthy Alleys in Makassar City

This research aims to reveal the factors that play a role in community participation in creating Healthy Hallways. This research is qualitative research using a Rapid Assessment Procedures design. The informants for this research were determined using purposive sampling. The data collection technique used in-depth interviews with seven community members: 1 RT head, 1 RW head, 1 Community Health Center staff, two health cadres, and one village head. This research was analyzed using the "Content Analysis" method, then interpreted and presented in narrative and matrix form. The research results found that the factors that play the most role in community participation are the will/awareness and leadership of the local government. Thus, Community Health Center health workers responsible as health tunnel supervisors must guide the form of Communication, Information, and Education (KIE) to the community to increase community participation in the Healthy Aisle program.

Rapid Assessment of Seismic Risk for Railway Bridges Based on Machine Learning

When an earthquake occurs, railway bridges will suffer from different degrees of seismic damage, and it is necessary to assess the seismic risk of bridges. Unfortunately, the majority of studies were done on highway bridges without taking into account railway bridge characteristics; hence they are not applicable to railway bridges. Furthermore, current research methods for risk assessment cannot be performed quickly, and suffer from the problems of subjective personal experience, complicated calculations, and time-consuming. This paper we use machine learning for earthquake damage prediction and empirical vulnerability curves to represent risk assessment results, creating a rapid risk assessment procedure. We gathered and tallied seismic damage data from 335 railway bridges that were damaged in the Tangshan and Menyuan earthquakes, found six variables that had a substantial impact on seismic risk outcomes, and categorized the damage levels into five categories. It is essentially a multi-classification and prediction problem. In order to solve this problem, four algorithms were tested: Random Forest (RF) Back Propagation Artiifcial Neural Network (BP-ANN), PSO-Support Vector Machine (PSO-SVM), and K Nearest Neighbor (KNN). It was found that RF is the most effective method, with an accuracy rate of up to 93.31% for the training set and 89.39% for the test set. Then this study describes the new procedure in detail for rapidly assessing seismic risk to 269 bridges chosen at random from the sample pool. Firstly, the seismic damage data of bridges are collated, then the seismic damage rating is predicted using RF, and finally the empirical vulnerability curve is drawn using a two-parameter normal distribution function for the purpose of seismic damage risk assessment. The study’s findings can be used as a guide for choosing a machine learning approach and its inputs to build a rapid assessment model for railway bridges.