Incidence Of Rape Research Articles

Trends and Patterns of Crime against Scheduled Tribes in States of Northern and Western Regions of India

The paper discussed trends and patterns of crime against scheduled tribes in states of northern and western regions of India. It has found that highest crime against scheduled tribe(s) occurred in Rajasthan followed by Maharashtra and Gujrat. There are no incidences of crime against scheduled tribe(s) in Haryana. Incidences and victims of simple hurt, grievous hurt murder, assault on tribal women and attempt to commit murder are highest in Rajasthan followed by Maharashtra and Gujrat. Incidences and number of victims of sexual harassment is highest in Maharashtra followed by Rajasthan and Gujrat. Rajasthan has the highest incidences and victims of stalking followed by Maharashtra and Gujrat. Incidences of assault of children of scheduled tribes is highest in Maharashtra followed by Rajasthan and Gujrat. There are no incidences of kidnapping for ransom in any states of the regions. Incidences of kidnapping and abduction of women to compel her for marriage is highest in Rajasthan followed by Gujrat and Maharashtra. There are no incidences of procuration of minor girls of scheduled tribes in any state of the regions. Incidences of rape of women is higher in Rajasthan and Maharashtra. Rajasthan has the highest incidences of robbery followed by Maharashtra and Gujrat. Therefore, government of the concern states should implement proper policies for minimizing such crimes against scheduled tribes.

Early Intervention after Rape to prevent post-traumatic stress symptoms (the EIR-study): an internal pilot study of a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundRape is one of the trauma incidents with the highest risk of subsequent post-traumatic stress disorder. Early interventions, such as prolonged exposure therapy (PE), have shown promise in preventing PTSD following a sexual assault. The primary objective of this internal pilot trial was to examine the feasibility of the EIR study protocol, which used modified prolonged exposure therapy (mPE) as a preventive intervention after rape.MethodsThis parallel two-arm clinical pilot study involved three sexual assault centers (SACs) in Trondheim, Oslo, and Vestfold, with data collected between June 2022 and March 2023. Women seeking assistance at one of these three SACs within 72 h after rape or attempted rape received acute medical treatment and forensic examinations. Women who wanted further psychosocial treatment were, if eligible and consenting, recruited to complete baseline assessments and a clinical interview before being randomized to one of two study arms. The intervention group prescribed up to five sessions of modified PE (mPE) in addition to treatment as usual (TAU), starting within the first 14 days after the rape incident, followed by weekly sessions. The other group received TAU.The present pilot evaluation is based on 22 participants, i.e., nine mPE + TAU and 13 TAU alone. Primary outcomes were predefined progression criteria regarding recruitment, retention, intervention implementation, a harm reporting system, and applying biological measurements and actigraphy.ResultsDuring the 6-month recruitment period, 235 women visited the three SACs. After eligibility screening and consent, 22 (9.4%) women were randomized. Three months later, 14 (63.6%) participants completed the final assessments. Intervention implementation was successful using trained SAC personnel to deliver mPE. The harm reporting system was used according to the study’s plan, and adverse and serious adverse events were detected during the trial. The biological measurements and actigraphy had substantial missing data but were still considered usable for statistical analyses.ConclusionIt may be feasible to conduct a full-scale RCT of early intervention after rape by comparing mPE + TAU to TAU alone. Minor design refinements were made to the protocol to enhance the main study outcome.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05489133. Registered on 15 July 2022, retrospectively.

Leveraging Geo-Profiling to Address Rape as a Public Health and Criminal Epidemic in the United States

Abstract Rape, as a pervasive societal issue, transcends the boundaries of public safety, criminal justice, legal jurisprudence, and public health, casting a long shadow of fear, trauma, and profound consequences across communities. This article delves into the multifaceted nature of rape, recognizing it not solely as a criminal phenomenon but as a complex public health crisis demanding comprehensive intervention. In response to the imperative of addressing rape and serial rapists as a criminal and public health epidemic, this study introduces an innovative approach that harnesses the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and geo-profiling. Through synthesizing criminological and epidemiological insights, this research elucidates the transformative role of geo-profiling in understanding, preventing and solving rape crimes. Geo-profiling data analytics capabilities are harnessed to dissect the intricate details, patterns and dynamics of rape incidents, offering a data-driven foundation for preventive strategies. Moreover, integrating geo-profiling techniques empowers law enforcement and public health agencies to map high-risk behaviors, areas and optimize resource allocation geographically. This holistic approach advances our understanding of rape as a public health crisis and informs targeted, evidence-based interventions to reduce its prevalence. In a contemporary landscape marked by the imperative of innovation and interdisciplinarity, this article contributes a nuanced perspective to the discourse surrounding rape. By unifying law enforcement, criminal justice, legal, and public health paradigms and harnessing geo-profiling as a powerful tool, we embark on a path to address rape comprehensively, recognizing its profound impact on individuals and society.

KONSEKUENSI HUKUM TINDAKAN HIRȂBAH (PELECEHAN SEKSUAL) DI INDONESIA: KAJIAN TERHADAP HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM DAN UNDANG-UNDANG INDONESIA

Hirabah is a term or concept in Islamic law that refers to acts of murder, robbery, and sexual assault. Incidents of rape and adultery often make headlines in Indonesia, but many rape victims feel disadvantaged by the judgments handed down by judges, which further victimize them. Additionally, certain articles have undergone an expansion of their meaning, particularly regarding adultery and rape, in order to minimize instances of rape. This study employs a qualitative research design, using approaches such as legal, conceptual, case-based, and comparative approaches. The findings reveal that the legal consequences for rape victims are deemed highly detrimental. This is evident in cases from Aceh, where a female rape victim received a whipping punishment that should not have been imposed on her. Furthermore, the common practice of seeking peaceful resolutions, such as marrying the victim to the perpetrator, is considered highly detrimental to the victims.

Influencers of Rape Incidence among Elderly Women in Nigeria: A Multilevel Analysis

Influencers of Rape Incidence among Elderly Women in Nigeria: A Multilevel Analysis

Detecting spatial and spatio-temporal clusters of rape in India, 2011–2020

The study aims to identify the spatial and spatio-temporal patterns of rape in India from 2011 to 2020 using crime data aggregated at the district level. The study also tries to understand persistent patterns in the spatial variation of rape incidence across the country during the study period. The annual rape data from 2011 to 2020 were extracted from the National Crime Records Bureau. Retrospective spatial and temporal cluster analyses were performed using the purely spatial (Kulldorff’s and Mann–Whitney scan statistic) and space–time scan statistic (Kulldorff’s based on the discrete Poisson model). Cluster frequency analysis was performed. Results showed the spatial heterogeneity in the pattern of rape crime across the country as well as its localization among geographically contiguous regions across time and space. The detected primary spatial clusters (P < 0.05) persisted mainly in the Central, North, and North Eastern zones of the country over the ten year study period. The primary spatio-temporal cluster (LLR = 5560.09, P < 0.001) appeared between the time frame 2014 to 2016 and was concentrated mainly in the Northern zone. Thirty-seven districts of India (5.78%) contributed to spatial clusters in all years of the study period. The heterogeneous distribution of rape across India could be due to the spatio-temporal variations in the determinants of rape (such as socioeconomic status, demographics, urbanisation, and gender equality) across the country. Identification of the localized rape clusters could result in understanding the contextual factors of rape and, thereby be beneficial to national and regional rape control strategies.

The Relationship Between Learning Motivation and Sources of Information About Reproductive Health with Adolescent Sexual Behavior

The increase in adolescent reproduction-related cases is currently a serious concern, and one contributing factor is adolescents' lack of understanding of various aspects of reproduction related to themselves. This phenomenon has resulted in an increase in adolescent problems, such as pregnancies out of wedlock, incidents of rape during dating, and an increase in sexually transmitted diseases. This can be attributed to a lack of awareness and understanding of proper sexual behavior among adolescents. This study aims to identify the relationship between learning motivation and sources of information about reproductive health with adolescent sexual behavior at Smk Al-Washliyah 9 Perbaungan This type of research uses quantitative methods with a cross sectional approach. A sample of 36 respondents was taken using purposive sampling techniques. Based on the results of the data obtained, it was concluded that learning motivation and sources of information about reproductive health are related to adolescent sexual behavior. This can be seen from the P-value of 0.033 which means smaller than ? (0.05). So it was concluded that there is a relationship between learning motivation and Chi-Square test results show a P-value of 0.018, which is smaller than the significance level of ? (0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between sources of information about reproductive health and adolescent sexual behavior at SMK Al-Washliyah 9 Perbaungan.

Healers that hurt: a scoping review of media reports of cases of rape in healthcare settings

BackgroundSexual assault occurring within healthcare settings represents a significant breach of public trust. This scoping review aimed to highlight the profile of people raped, those who committed the rape within the health facilities, and the legal actions taken to resolved cases.MethodsMedia-reported data on incidents of rape in healthcare settings were collected. The search was conducted in May and June 2023, focusing on English-language publications with accessible full texts. Reports that lacked information on the survivors or incidents that occurred outside of healthcare settings were excluded. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the categories of the collected publications, and graphical representations were employed for visualization purposes.ResultsA total of 62 cases were retrieved, originating from Africa (n = 17; 27.4%), Europe (n = 14; 22.6%), Southeast Asia (n = 14; 22.6%), the Americas (n = 11; 17.7%), the Western Pacific Region (n = 5; 8.1%) and Eastern Mediterranean region (n = 1; 1.6%). In addition, 69 individuals were implicated in 59 cases. They were 31 doctors (44.9%), 17 (24.6%) nurses, four (5.8%) nurse/healthcare assistants, three (4.3%) cleaners/ward boy, two (2.9%) traditional medical doctors, and two (2.9%) security guards. Others included six (8.7%) staff members without designations and one (1.4%) ambulance driver. All perpetrators were male, ranging in age from 22 to 67 years. There were 66 victims identified in the 62 cases with age ranging from 2 to 92 years. Except for one case, all victims were female, and all but one case were patients. Most assaults occurred in consulting rooms/clinics (n = 21; 31.8%), 16 (24.2%) happened under sedation, and six (9.1%) were repeatedly raped, Survivors typically reported the cases the police (n = 12; 19.4%), family/friends (n = 11; 17.7%) or to hospital authorities (n = 10; 16.1%). Out of the 69 perpetrators, 19 (30.6%) were imprisoned with sentences ranging from 12 months to an indefinite period and one (1.6%) received a death sentence.ConclusionThe raping of patients by healthcare providers within healthcare settings calls for urgent and extensive measures. Stakeholders in healthcare management need to prioritize raising awareness about the problem, implement robust prevention and reporting strategies, and create healthcare environments that are safe, respectful, and supportive for all individuals seeking care.

Epidemiological pattern of rape cases managed at a regional hospital in South Africa.

South Africa has one of the highest incidences of rape globally. Understanding the epidemiological pattern of rape is needed to inform the design of effective intervention programmes for rape prevention and management of alleged rape cases. To investigate important epidemiological patterns associated with rape in Kimberly, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. The Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe Hospital (RMSH) forensic unit. A descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional clinical audit of rape cases. The majority (93.3%) of the alleged rape victims were women, with a mean age (SD) of 21.6 years (11.3); the male population made up 6.7% of the cases, with a mean age (SD) of 10.5 years (6.9). The highest incidence of alleged rape in the male population was seen in the age group ≤ 16 years (81.8%) and for women 17-30 years (50.3%). Most of the incidents occurred at the perpetrators' homes (42.7%); on the days Fridays (14.6%), Saturdays (29.9%) and Sundays (23.2%); at night up to midnight 20:00-23:59 (32.9%) (p = 0.01) and involved threats of violence (55.5%). The majority (56.0%) of the perpetrators were known to the victims. Important information about the victims and circumstances in which rape occurs as reported herein can be used to inform the design of effective intervention programmes for sexual crime prevention and management in Kimberly, South Africa. This study helped to advance knowledge and understanding of the epidemiological pattern associated with rape in Kimberley, Northern Cape Province of South Africa.

Sex, Power, and Violence: What Do the Rape Incidents in Susan Brownmiller's Against Our Will Actually Show?

Susan Brownmiller's groundbreaking book, Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape, brought much-needed attention to a tremendously understudied crime and exposed many dangerous misconceptions. However, it also inspired a massive debate about whether sexual violence is primarily driven by desires for sex or power, and that argument persists today. For this study, we treated the book's incidents ( N = 245) as data, instead of as a narrative, and systematically analyzed them. Overall, our findings suggest many perpetrators identified by Brownmiller may have been sexually frustrated, and multiple aspects of their behavior indicate they were seeking sexual relief. At the same time, many also seemed to be seeking increased sexual power to fulfill their desires, and a small subset may have specifically sought revenge against women. Together, these results suggest a potential middle ground exists amidst a polarized debate between scholars with adversarial perspectives.

Gender, Gender-Value Orientation and Attitude towards the Incidence of Rape among University Undergraduates in Cross River State, Nigeria: Implications for Counselling Towards Social Reform

There is no denial that the increasing incidence of rape has witnessed diversity in opinions across groups of different kinds. However, it is disturbing that majority of the divisions including those in the judiciary system have in the past blamed the victims of such heinous act. Consequently, this study sets out to investigate the influence of gender and gender value orientation on attitude towards the incidence of rape among University undergraduates in Cross River State. The research adopted a correlational survey research design. Three research questions were formulated and tested using regression analysis at .05 level of significance. Two-stage random sampling technique was used to select sample (382 students) for the study. Participants of the study included 225 students. A structured questionnaire with three sections (Demographic information, Gender Value Orientation Scale and Attitude towards Incidence of Rape Scale) was employed for data collection. The Cronbach’s alpha (α) for the scales were .710 and .734 for the gender value orientation and attitude towards the incidence of rape scales respectively. The findings indicated that there is a joint contribution of gender and gender value orientation on attitude towards incidence of rape (R2 = .493, p &lt; .05, F (2,223) = 35.81). Also there is a significant relative contribution of gender (β = -1.338; t = -2.455, p &lt; .05) and gender value orientation (β = .471; t = 8.025, p &lt; .05) on attitude towards the incidence of rape. In addition, it was observed that there is a significant moderating effect of gender on the influence of gender value orientation on attitude towards the incidence of rape (R Square Change = .023; F change (1,222) = 6.862, p &lt; 0.05). It can thus be concluded that gender and gender value orientation are significant determinants of attitude towards the incidence of rape. As a result, there should be a collective effort of members of the society and institutions within it to take necessary action towards attainment of social reform.

Domestic Violence Against Women- Its Causes, Effects and Remedies

Violence against women, of late, has become a global problem. Women of all races, ethnic groups, classes and nationalities are affected by it. It has recently emerged as a life-threatening problem for individual women and as a grievous problem for societies. Violence impacts the lives of millions of women globally in all socio-economic and educational classes. It cuts across cultural and religious barriers and hinders women’s right to fully engage in society. Violence against women takes a discouraging variety of forms, from domestic offense to rape, to childhood marriages and to practices like female circumcision. All these deny the most fundamental human rights. Crime against women is not a recent phenomenon in Assam. In Assamese society, as per available written records of social organization and family, women have been subjected to ill-treatment, humiliation, torture, and exploitation. These records exhibit repetition of incidents of rape, abduction, torture and murder of women. Yet, sadly enough, literature on social problems or on criminal violence have not given much importance on female victims of violence. There are not much attempts made to explain why both the public and the academicians alike have ignored for so long the hard fact that women have continuously been ruthlessly exploited in our society. The aim of this article is to find out the types,causes,effects and remedies of domestic violence against women and its remedies.

TINDAK PIDANA PEMERKOSAAN TERHADAP SEORANG WANITA DALAM KEADAAN TIDAK BERDAYA

The rising incidence of rape has captured public attention, presenting challenges in investigation, prosecution, and verdicts. Rape is defined as a violent act or threat of violence to coerce non-consensual sex with a woman, not one's spouse, exemplified in Decision Number 390/Pid.B/2021/PN Smn. This research delves into the theoretical and regulatory aspects of rape in Indonesia, particularly the application of Article 285 of the Criminal Code to helpless victims, posing questions about its appropriateness. Utilizing a normative approach with descriptive analysis, secondary data was collected through a literature review. The research concluded that the perpetrator's actions constitute 'exploitation rape,' and the victim qualifies as a 'pure victim' with no prior association with the offender. Furthermore, the perpetrator's actions more closely align with the elements of Article 286 of the Criminal Code.

Patterns and Trends of Rape Cases in Ifugao Provinces

Ifugao province experienced a concerning rise in reported rape incidents, particularly in residential areas. This study investigates rape patterns from 2016 to 2020, utilizing a descriptive research approach with documentary analysis and surveys. The data spanned from 2016 to 2020. Age-related Patterns: Victims aged 1 to 12 were the most common targets, comprising 117 cases from 2016-2020. Age of Perpetrators: Perpetrators, predominantly aged 18 to 64, accounted for 199 cases from 2016-2020.Victim-Suspect Relationship: Most victims reported no relation to the perpetrator. Boyfriends, acquaintances, and neighbors were the least reported perpetrators. Rape incidents primarily occurred from 5:00 am to 11:00 am in 2016 and 2020, while from 2017-2019, incidents were more common from 12:00 pm to 5:00 pm. 3.5 Place of Occurrence: Residential areas were the predominant locations for rape incidents. Rape Prevention Programs: According to the overall mean, Police Community Relation's rape prevention programs were deemed highly implemented by barangay officials. Police personnel also expressed a high level of implementation certainty. The study also highlights a perceived disparity in the evaluation of rape prevention program implementation between police personnel and barangay officials. The findings suggest a need for targeted prevention strategies, especially during vulnerable hours for potential victims. This study sheds light on the patterns and trends of rape cases in Ifugao provinces, offering insights for developing a more effective action plan to curb the occurrence of such incidents.

Big data in crime statistics: Using Google Trends to measure victimization in designated market areas across the United States

Google Trends (GT) data could potentially supplement traditional crime measurement strategies, allowing criminologists to better understand crime statistics on a macro level. This study assesses the validity of GT crime estimates. The findings indicate that GT data are reliable for estimating MVT, larceny, and rape. Additionally, we illustrate how to use GT to identify places with high rates of unreported offenses. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of leveraging open-source big data such as GT to supplement traditional sources of crime data, particularly for categories of crime with substantial underreporting rates. Results suggest the GT rape measure may be a more accurate estimate of the true incidence of rape than the measure drawn from the Uniform Crime Report (UCR). The limitations associated with the use of GT to generate estimates of crime are also discussed.

Depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms two years post-rape and the role of early counselling: Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation (RICE) study

ABSTRACT Background: Survivors of sexual violence are at higher risk of adverse mental health outcomes compared to those exposed to other interpersonal traumas. Objective: To examine the trajectory of both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression as well as the role of early counselling over 24 months among rape survivors. Method: The South African Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation (RICE) study enrolled women aged 16–40 years attending post-rape care services within 20 days of a rape incident (n = 734), and a comparison group (n = 786) was recruited from primary health care. Women were followed for 24 months; the main study outcomes were depression and PTSD. Reports of early supportive counselling by the exposed group were also included. The analysis included an adjusted joint mixed model with linear splines to account for correlated observations between the outcomes. Results: At 24 months, 45.2% of the rape-exposed women met the cut-off for depression and 32.7% for PTSD. This was significantly higher than levels found among the unexposed. Although a decline in depression and PTSD was seen at 3 months among the women who reported a rape, mean scores remained stable thereafter. At 24 months mean depression scores remained above the depression cut-off (17.1) while mean PTSD scores declined below the PTSD cut-off (14.5). Early counselling was not associated with the trajectory of either depression or PTSD scores over the two years in rape-exposed women with both depression and PTSD persisting regardless of early counselling. Conclusion: The study findings highlight the importance to find and provide effective mental health interventions post-rape in South Africa.

Media Framing on Coverage of Motorway Rape Incident: A Study of Cable Channels in Pakistan

Media Framing on Coverage of Motorway Rape Incident: A Study of Cable Channels in Pakistan

Alcohol-involved rape: Limitations of the "rape exception" for abortion access.

In June 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court removed federal abortion protections, giving individual states the authority to enact abortion regulations. Since that ruling, many states have enacted abortion bans; however, several of these states allow "rape exceptions," theoretically providing rape victims who become pregnant access to abortion services. Notably, alcohol use by the rape victim and perpetrator is common. In this brief report, we describe findings from research on alcohol-involved rape that have the potential to impact the utility of rape exceptions. In this synthesis of the research literature pertaining to alcohol-involved rape victimization and perpetration, we focus on key concepts detailed in extant research likely relevant to accessing abortion services through rape exceptions. Victim alcohol intoxication may limit the use of rape exceptions to abortion bans by delaying rape acknowledgment, increasing victim blame, undermining victim credibility, and deterring rape reporting. Commensurately, perpetrator alcohol intoxication may increase the need for victims to access abortion services by reducing perpetrator condom use during rape and increasing other sexually aggressive acts such as nonconsensual condom removal. Research evidence suggests that alcohol-involved rape incidents present critical obstacles to utilizing statutory rape exceptions to banned abortion services beyond challenges that non-alcohol-involved rape survivors are also likely to experience. Rape survivors from oppressed communities (e.g., people of color, gender minorities, and/or sexual minorities) may be disproportionately impacted. Empirical investigations specifically examining how substance use during rape impacts reproductive health care accessibility are paramount for informing health care providers, law enforcement, legal practitioners, and policymakers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Forensic medicine dimension of gang rape cases against adolescents

Aim: Gang rape incidents are rarer than other forms of sexual abuse, and there is little research focusing on adolescent victims. The aim of this study is to describe the common characteristics of gang rape cases against adolescents and the forensic medical evaluation process.Method: News and medical literature published in the internet media were searched. Google search engine and Google Scholar were used as browser. Key words were “gang rape”, “young”, “child”, “adolescent”, “gang rape”,”young”, “child” and “adolescent”. After the search, descriptive news and literature samples on gang rape incidents against adolescent individuals were selected.Results: This study examined the gang rape incidents against adolescents, which were covered in the media. There were no time limitation. In the news and literature review, the sociodemographic characteristics of the victims and the descriptive features of the event were determined. Alcohol use was common. Psychological symptoms and consequences requiring continued health care, were evident.Conclusion: A systematic forensic examination and reporting including a psychological evaluation of the victim should be done. In order to prevent this type of sexual violence against adolescents, it is very important to be informed about gang rape.

Trend and pattern analysis of incidents of rape during the period of Covid-19 pandemic in Adamawa state, Northeastern Nigeria

ABSTRACT Sexual violence cases in Adamawa State have been frequently reported. Yet, the interrogation of the phenomenon has not received adequate scholarly attention. Unfortunately, unusual high incidents of rape were recorded in the state in 2020 prompting an examination of the trend and pattern of incidents of rape in the state. Data were collected from police records of incidents of rape and interviews were granted to perpetrators, police officers and parents/guardians of victims. The study shows that the highest cases of rape were recorded in July, and Yola North Local Government Area of the state recorded the highest number of incidents of rape. All the perpetrators are male whose ages are within the range of 18 and 33 years while the majority of the victims are female, mostly minors. Covid-19 outbreak and the containment mechanisms employed in the state were the major factors in the escalation of rape cases. The lockdown policy of the state created situations like loss of jobs, dwindling economic resources and shut-down of state apparatuses of security especially the police which increased motivations for offenders to commit the crime of rape as well as contributed to the vulnerability of the victims of rape.