Rangpur City Research Articles

Nutritional Status and Food Habits of Child Labor in Rangpur City, Bangladesh

Background: In Bangladesh, the harsh reality of child labor persists, with over 8 million children engaged in such work. This not only deprives them of their childhood but also has severe implications for their mental and physical health. This study seeks to investigate the daily food intake and nutritional status of child laborers in Rangpur City, shedding light on the broader health impacts of child labor in this region. Methods: The study employed a structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements to assess the socioeconomic status and dietary habits of participants. Pretesting ensured questionnaire accuracy, while daily and weekly recall methods captured comprehensive food consumption data. Socioeconomic inquiries included income, education, employment, and family details, providing a holistic understanding of participants' circumstances. Results: The survey highlights that most working children are aged 12-14, predominantly employed in mechanics and sales, working long hours under precarious conditions for low wages, primarily to support their families. Despite some attending primary school and receiving employer-provided meals and medical aid, these children struggle with inadequate education and nutrition, and a high incidence of workplace accidents. Conclusion: Child laborers have often poorer nutritional status than the average person. They are not provided with a proper diet. Consequently, they are dealing with various health problems.

Prospects and Challenges of E-Rickshaws in Urban Transportation Systems of Bangladesh: A Case Study of Rangpur City Corporation

The availability of public transportation is frequently insufficient and the quality of the services is quite low in many cities of developing country. This is mostly because of the growing discrepancy between the supply and demand for transportation infrastructure and the provision of services. As a result, E-rickshaws (battery-operated electric three-wheelers locally termed as Auto/Easy bike) have emerged as a form of para-transit/informal public transport in many developing country cities and providing flexible and demand-responsive services to users. E-rickshaws are becoming one of the main travel modes and playing a crucial role in urban mobility because bus-based or formal public transportation is lacking in many medium- and small-sized cities in Bangladesh. This study made an effort to answer how E-rickshaws might function in the future when public bus service will be launched in a mixed traffic situation of Bangladesh. Rangpur in Bangladesh was selected as the representative of developing country cities for conducting the case study. This study is generally based on primary survey because the E-rickshaw is a new concept in urban transport. Primary data were collected at different road intersections and some temporary E-rickshaw stands in Rangpur City (as no permanent E-rickshaw stand in the city). Basically, the data was collected by Questionnaires Survey with E-rickshaw Drivers and Users; Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with E-rickshaw union members and Key Informants Interview (KII) with local authorities who are concerned with E-rickshaws. The driver-owned, operational E-rickshaw has an income-investment ratio of 1.45 and generates an average daily income of BDT 850. According to the survey, 81% of the drivers of E-rickshaws agreed that their current financial situation or income is better than it was when they worked in another or previous occupation. Compared with other travel modes, commuters are very satisfied with the quality of E-rickshaw services. Based on study findings it may be concluded that the E-rickshaw is a potential future-proof means of transportation. Public transport planning should include E-rickshaw in providing services which may not be catered by the formal public transport. The conclusions drawn from this case study is that locations may be applied to other places in the country or cities where rickshaws are a significant source of informal public transportation.

Consumer Behavior and Preferences in Online Shopping in Bangladesh: A Case Study in Rangpur City.

Consumer Behavior and Preferences in Online Shopping in Bangladesh: A Case Study in Rangpur City.

Screening for Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Rangpur City Corporation Area: A Community Based Cross Sectional Study

Screening for Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Rangpur City Corporation Area: A Community Based Cross Sectional Study

Knowledge and Self-Management Practice Among Diabetic Patients from the Urban Areas in Bangladesh

This study aims to determine the knowledge of self-management, prognosis, and the quality of daily life among adult patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh. Settings and Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2021 to August 2021 on diabetic patients from Dhaka City and Rangpur City in Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information from the respondents of this study. The data was collected via a phone interview by the researchers of this study. The data was analyzed using Python (Version 3.8), Pandas, ResearchPy (A Python package for research data analysis), and Microsoft Excel 2019. We found that 85% of the participants were aware of Bangladesh National Diabetes Management Guidelines and its recommendations, and males were better informed about diabetes and its management than females. Most participants (68.32%) experienced an onset of diabetic symptoms around 50-60 years of age, and 34.65% of participants were unaware of the type of diabetes they had. 91% were satisfied with the prognosis of their diabetes. However, the frequency of check-ups for hyperglycemia from serum was insufficient (less than once annually) despite the national guidelines’ recommendation for quarterly check-ups. Participants were more eager to check for diabetes-associated symptoms (more than 3 times a year among 80.53%) rather than checking the serum hyperglycemia. Female participants were lenient to take physical exercise to self-manage diabetes. The healthcare centers across Bangladesh need to make the information provided by Bangladesh National Diabetes Management Guidelines more reader-friendly for all socio-economic groups. Broader movements are needed to make patients feel more interested to learning, practicing, and following the guidelines.

Rural-urban migration in Rangpur city: A sociological study

The phenomenon of rural-to-urban migration has a long history. People’s attempts to move from rural areas to cities originated in ancient times. In this context, the migration history to Rangpur is brief. The history of urbanization in Rangpur began not too long ago, with people from various villages in the surrounding districts settling in the city. Through the lens of economic and socio-cultural perspectives, multiple factors have directly and indirectly influenced migration from rural areas to this city. Therefore, understanding its intricate meanings is only feasible by discussing rural-urban migration through a sociological research approach.

Study on socio-economic condition of butchers and trend of market price of red meat at some selected areas in Bangladesh

The study was aimed to assess the socio-economic status of butchers and trend of market price of meat changed from last nine (09) years at five (05) selected areas in Bangladesh such as Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Khulna and Rangpur City Corporation. The study was carried out through a structured questionnaire among seventy five (75) selected butchers each survey time where fifteen (15) in each area. The survey was conducted from January to August, 2014 and February to May, 2023. During survey the considered parameters were the butchers age, level of education, family size, land size, housing, source of capital andcurrent red meat price. Result from the study revealed that the respondents average aged in Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Khulna and Rangpur city corporation were 40.30, 34.27, 36.27, 36.40 and 35.00, respectively and all of them were male. For literacy rate of respondents it was found that about 56% butchers were had secondary level education, 38.67% butchers had primary level education, 4% had higher secondary level education and only 1.33% were graduate. About 88.23% butchers solely depend on meat processing but along with meat processing 4.71% respondents were engaged with business and 7.06% respondents were engaged with agriculture. In 2014, it was found that all type of meat (beef, buffen, chevon and mutton) price were highest in Dhaka and it was average 582.00, 562.50, 900.00 and 870.00 TK in Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshahi and Rangpur, respectively. In case of Chevon market price was 895.00, 882.00, 870.71 and 865.09 in Rajshahi, Chittagong, Rangpur and Khulna, respectively. For Mutton it was 830.00, 820.00, 820.00 and 816.00 TK in Chittagong, Rajshahi, Rangpur and Khulna, respectively. It was found that market price increased so rapidly and the rate of increasing percentage for beef, buffen, chevon and mutton were 195.27%, 193.76%, 154.83% and 169.93%, respectively. Overall slaughtered number of cattle, buffalo, goat and sheep per week in selected areas were 42.84, 7.47, 23.29 and 4.84, respectively.

Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential Index and Severity Mapping for Rangpur City Corporation

This paper aims to investigate the Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) of different Wards and prepare a liquefaction severity map of Rangpur City Corporation. A Liquefaction severity map of a city helps the legislators and policymakers with informed land use planning as well as the development of the town. Disturbed soils from 10 Wards among 33 Wards of Rangpur were collected for different depths in a single borehole. The locations for the borehole were selected based on the seismic soil profile and engineering geology reports available for Rangpur City Corporation in CDMP-II. Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Microtremor test were done on the field. Then, the Grain Size Distribution test and Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) were determined for the collected samples in the laboratory. Based on the results of the tests done in the field and laboratory, the severity was classified as moderate, moderate to severe, and severe. Based on the Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) value, four Wards of Rangpur City Corporation fall within the moderate risk class, three Wards show moderate to severe risk of liquefaction, and the remaining 3 Wards belong to the severe risk class.
 J. of Sci. and Tech. Res. 4(1): 49-58, 2022

Factors influencing consumers’ attitude towards online shopping in Rangpur City

Nowadays Bangladesh is called a “DIGITAL BANGLADESH”. The propensity of online shopping and businesses is increasing these days. The digital environment spreads out not only in the country but also in Rangpur City. Over the last few years, online shopping has improved and the number of people who have access to the web has increased. A positive attitude towards online shopping and selling is being observed in Bangladesh. The young generation is much more involved in space marketing or shopping than in a place. The main aim of this research is to investigate the consumers’ attitudes toward online shopping and the factors influencing consumers towards online shopping. To meet the study objectives a quantitative survey method was employed. Researchers select 150 respondents by the technique of non-probability convenience sampling. The questionnaire of the study was developed from the previous literature. The research result shows that 60% of the respondents are male, and the rest are female between the 16-59 age groups, with a Secondary school certificate to postgraduate educational level. Most of them spend 2-4 hours on the Internet daily. The result also revealed that convenience, time-saving, website design, perceived enjoyment, and people engagement and their review rating have a significant positive relationship with consumer attitudes toward online shopping.

Integration Pattern Analysis of School & College Facilities with Residential Landuse by Space Syntax: A Case Study of Rangpur City

Rangpur is one of Bangladesh's fastest-developing cities. The pedestrian and vehicular movement pressure of this city is increasing simultaneously with its rapid urbanization. A lot of educational institutions currently exist in this city. Most universities & medical colleges have accommodation facilities. The lack of accommodation seems quite prominent in schools and colleges. As there are no accommodation facilities in schools and colleges, the student has to move these educational facilities from their residence. Sometimes, this movement creates extra pressure on mainstream city traffic. In this paper, the focus has been given to the relation and integration pattern among these educational buildings, existing city road networks & residential areas by using space syntax. By comparing existing data with simulated data, I find existing school facilities of Rangpur city are well integrated with residential zones in local integration whether college facilities are concentrated in the north-east portion of the city which may generate extra traffic congestion in further urbanization.

Study on Solid Waste Management System in Rangpur City Corporation (RpCC) and Suggestion for improving the System Using LEAN Tools

A healthy urban environment depends heavily on effective waste management. Recently, a large number of city/urban areas have sprung up in Bangladesh, where daily production of solid waste is rather high. Rangpur City Corporation (RpCC) is a recently built city with 33 wards in the northern region of Bangladesh. Only 15 of them out of the total practice solid waste management. The essential area of RpCC is covered by these 15 wards. This study aims to detail the solid waste management procedure as well as the current state of various garbage dumping locations inside the research region. In order to evaluate and keep track of the trash dumping places, the primary data was directly gathered via field survey in order to assess and monitor the waste dumping points. Besides, additional data/information were collected from books, journal, and websites. This study suggests the lean tool kanban and visual management to keep the solid waste management process standard and keep on the road of continuous improvement. Kanban is very helpful to avoid breakdown of solid waste management process. On the other hand, visual management also can take a part to make the solid waste management easier and more helpful to avoid any fault in this process by its implementation.

Fire hazard vulnerability assessment of shopping centers: Empirical insight from Rangpur City Corporation, Bangladesh

Fire hazard is now a global problem, particularly in densely populated areas in developing countries like Bangladesh. Fire hazards frequently happen in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. Fires at several shopping malls prove that the safety measures in the shopping center are not at standard level. This study aimed to assess the fire hazard vulnerability of shopping centers in Rangpur City Corporation, Bangladesh. The study area was surveyed and analyzed with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing along with primary field data regarding existing planning rules and regulations of the Government of Bangladesh. All the structures of the study area were assessed and categorized into four class ranges from very high to low, according to some vulnerability criteria defined by safety codes. The study found that about 30% of the structures fall under very high, 50% fall under high vulnerability and 20% fall under moderate vulnerability class. The most significant issue was the low vulnerable structures of the shopping centers to face fire hazards. Most of the structures fall under the danger classes that can be improved by the direct intervention of the state agency.

Estimating solid waste generation and suitability analysis of landfill sites using regression, geospatial, and remote sensing techniques in Rangpur, Bangladesh

Municipal solid waste(MSW) management has been a growing problem in fast-developing cities. A considerable amount of solid waste is generated daily and disposed anywhere, which creates an unhealthy environment. This study aims to develop a model to determine household solid waste (HSW) generation using multiple linear regression and identify suitable landfill sites to ensure proper MSW disposal in Rangpur City, Bangladesh. Socioeconomic variables data like average monthly income, educational level, family size, age of family head, and average HSW generation per day were collected from 381 respondents through stratified random sampling with a 95% confidence level. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was performed using variables like surface water, slope, road network, and land use through GIS and remote sensing to find suitable landfill sites. Results of the model show no multicollinearity as the variance inflation factor was estimated to be less than 2 for each independent variable. Furthermore, the model provides a moderate overall fit because of the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.661), which denotes the independent variables' predictive capability. The results also demonstrate that family size and education are the most critical variables in predicting waste generation because of the values of coefficients 122.39 and - 184.72, respectively. This study also illustrated suitable landfill sites through MCDA, which can be a useful resource for the city authority to ensure environmental sustainability by implementing effective strategies for proper MSW management.

A Study of Serum Creatinine and Urea in Adult Female Individuals and their Correlations with BMI

Background: The World Health Organization has announced overweight and obesity as a global epidemic that has strong associations with renal function impairment.
 Objectives: To evaluate the serum creatinine and urea status in adult female individuals with previous normal renal function and to observe the correlation of serum creatinine and urea with body mass index (BMI).
 Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Rangpur Medical College, Rangpur. After briefing about the objectives, adult female subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study with permission. The study included 90 subjects who were divided into three groups- apparently healthy adult females with normal weight (Group-A), apparently healthy overweight adult females (Group-B), and apparently healthy obese adult females (Group-C). The subjects were selected from different areas of Rangpur city. Their body mass index, serum creatinine, and urea were measured. For statistical analysis, one way ANOVA (post-Hoc) test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test were performed as applicable by computer-based SPSS-25.0 for windows. Regarding the interpretation of results, p_0.05 was accepted as significant.
 Results: The mean serum creatinine level was significantly (p_0.001) higher in overweight and obese female adults than in normal-weight female adults. It was also significantly (p_0.05) higher in obese female adults than in overweight female adults. Again, the mean serum urea level was significantly (p_0.05) higher in overweight female adults than normal-weight female adults and in obese female adults than in overweight female adults. It was also significantly (p_0.001) higher in obese female adults than in normal-weight female adults. This study also found highly significant (p_0.001) positive correlation of serum creatinine (r=0.499) and urea (r=0.396) with body mass index.
 Conclusion: Serum creatinine and urea were elevated in overweight and obese female adults and both parameters were positively correlated with BMI. Regular body mass index screening is recommended to assess body weight easily and effectively.
 J Rang Med Col. September 2022; Vol. 7, No. 2:25-30

Geometric Design and Outcome of Transposition Flaps for Scalp Reconstruction

Background: The scalp is a unique part of the human body and various etiological factors, such as tumor extirpation, avulsion, infection, burns, or trauma, can lead to scalp defects. Primary closure, skin grafting, local flaps, tissue expansion or free tissue transfer is modalities available for scalp reconstruction. Local flap coverage is best option for full thickness loss with exposed bone. Among various local flap transposition flap is reasonable and flexible option with good outcome for scalp reconstruction.
 Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the geometric design of transposition flap for scalp reconstruction concerning the dimension of the defect and outcome the surgery.
 Methods: This was a prospective observational study, conducted in the Burn & Plastic Surgery department of Rangpur medical college hospital, Rangpur and different private hospitals of Rangpur city over a period of three years from June 2018 to July 2021 through purposive sampling. All aged patients having single full thickness scalp wound with loss of pericranium were included in this study. In all cases transposition flaps were used. All the flaps were elevated through sub galeal lose areolar plane. Flap donor site was covered with split thickness skin graft taken from thigh. Surgical technique, patient factors and outcome were evaluated.
 Results: A total 50 patients were operated. The age range was 07-68 years, among them 36% patient were in the age range of 21 – 30 years. 80% patients in this series were male. In this series 64 % patients were construction and electric worker by profession. Electric burn was the main (64%) cause of soft tissue defect of scalp. The majority (46%) of the patients had a wound dimension of 51-70 cm2, smallest was (5x6) = 30cm2 and largest was (9x15) = 135cm2, indicating that extent of soft tissue defects in this series is quite extensive. 12 (24%) patients had complication and all were due to infection, seven patients had infection in flap recipient site, 2 patients had infection in flap donor site and 3 patients developed infection in skin donor site. There was no flap loss in our study.
 Conclusion: Sound knowledge of flap geometry and clear evaluation of the defect is mandatory for successful reconstruction of scalp defect. A local transposition flap with donor site skin grafting is reliable option for reconstruction of full thickness scalp defect in most instances.
 J Rang Med Col. September 2022; Vol. 7, No. 2:52-57

Leafy vegetables in Rangpur city corporation area of Bangladesh focusing on potential medicinal values

Leafy vegetables were conducted in the Rangpur city corporation of Bangladesh from October 2019 to December 2021. There were 44 species identified, divided into 33 genera and 20 families. Out of the recorded species, 69.44% were herbs followed by climbers (18.18%), shrubs (11.11%) and trees (2.27%) respectively. In the research area, wild species made up 34.09% of the total, while cultivated species made up 65.91%. The current investigation revealed that traditional knowledge about the use of wild vegetables is in urgent need of documentation as part of intangible cultural heritage. To meet the dietary demands of Rangpur city corporation residents, the use and cultivation of these leafy vegetables should be encouraged. The study can provide baseline data that can be used to prioritize conservation efforts through resource management that is both sustainable and environmentally friendly. In Rangpur City Corporation, major medicinal leafy vegetables were carried out. Thirty seven (37) therapeutic plants have been identified, with their usefulness for the treatment of over 40 ailments were recorded. The current study found that medicinal plants continue to play a significant role in rural communities. The information acquired from local traditional healers will be beneficial for further ethnobotany, taxonomy, and drug development studies using natural resources.

Leafy vegetables in Rangpur city corporation area of Bangladesh focusing on potential medicinal values

Leafy vegetables in Rangpur city corporation area of Bangladesh focusing on potential medicinal values

Modeling on microclimatic variation of land surface temperature and vegetation cover at Rangpur City in Bangladesh

Modeling on microclimatic variation of land surface temperature and vegetation cover at Rangpur City in Bangladesh

SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS OF ELDERLY PEOPLE AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY ON RANGPUR CITY CORPORATION

The main aim of this study was to assess the socioeconomic status of elderly people of Rangpur City Corporation. The study conducted a survey and used random sampling technique to collect primary data from the purposively selected three wards (no-23, 24 & 25) of Rangpur City Corporation. The immense sources of financial support for the elderly people in this study stood on sons’ ground. More than half of the elderly people were treated carefully during their illness even they were found in good health condition. A large number of aged people experienced discrepancy in taking decisions in the family atmosphere. It is evident from the study that the family members came closer to them based on age and educational attainment when they faced any kind of problem. A positive relationship between elderly peoples’ occupation and their sufferings from various diseases (p<0.000) was found in this research. A concern from the corner of humanity regarding the socioeconomic and health issues of the elderly should be followed at the household level.

COVID-19 Burdens on Livelihood Opportunities: A Study of Easy-Bike Drivers in Rangpur City, Bangladesh

This research explores the nexus between COVID-19 and the livelihoods of easy-bike (three-wheeler human hauliers) drivers using a case study of Rangpur City, Bangladesh. Although easy-bike has become a prevalent form of paratransit among city-dwellers in medium-sized cities in Bangladesh, many passengers are now avoiding such paratransit to maintain health and safety guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has negatively affected easy-bike drivers’ income in many medium-sized cities. To conduct this study, we collected primary data from the field, with the health and safety guidelines recommended by the government of Bangladesh in consideration. The results demonstrate a decreasing number of trips due to government policy changes under the COVID-19 pandemic, influencing people’s earnings associated with this transit system. We summarized the data to capture the attention of policymakers, who may need to introduce any foreseeable action to assist workers of different professions in need of economic assistance in cities outside of the capital city in Bangladesh. Moreover, we suggest the need to consider these urban transport workers as a vulnerable group for livelihood assistance within the country.