Voice Range Research Articles

Recommendations for developing accessible patient information leaflets for clinical trials to address English language literacy as a barrier to research participation

BackgroundLow English language literacy is a common barrier to participation in clinical trials. Patient information leaflets (PILs) used in clinical trials are often lengthy, complex and have poor readability; this is a persistent and prevalent problem common to trials across the world. Simplifying the information provided in PILs can lead to improved understanding, comprehension and knowledge.The aim of this project was to develop recommendations for developing accessible PILs for clinical trials through a literature review of published and grey literature and co-working with marginalised communities, patients, and health and social care charities.MethodsA literature review of MEDLINE, Embase and online resources was conducted, and recommendations for developing accessible PILs were extracted from eligible published and grey literature. Grey literature which contained insights into more inclusive forms of communication was also identified and summarised. Meetings were held with two racially marginalised community groups, two groups involving autistic adults and/or adults with learning difficulties and a patient advisory group. Examples of accessible PILs were shared and discussions held about the content and format of the PILs and suggestions for changes/improvements. National Voices, a coalition of health and social care charities in England, held a national online workshop with charities and lived experience partners. Recommendations identified from the multiple sources were coded, collated and refined to develop an overarching framework of recommendations.ResultsThe framework consists of 74 recommendations for developing accessible PILs for clinical trials. Recommendations cover the five topics of formatting, information presentation, writing style, content and accessibility.ConclusionsThis project has developed a comprehensive framework of recommendations to guide researchers in the development of accessible PILs for clinical trials. Findings from previous research and from co-working with marginalised communities, patients and health and social care charities were collated to ensure that a diverse range of voices and experiences informed the framework. These recommendations aim to support researchers to develop better study information to reduce English language literacy as a barrier to participation in clinical trials.

Exiles of love?: uncovering lesbian voices in interwar Czechoslovakia

Lesbian voices and experiences have received little attention in Czech historiography: recent research has concentrated on the modern era from the 1950s. This article deepens our understanding of lesbian lives in interwar Prague. It focuses on two forgotten lesbian novels, Exiles of Love and The Third Sex, which were deliberately suppressed after 1948 by the Communist regime as examples of inferior bourgeois literature. The two authors, Lída Merlínová and Gill Sedláčková, both hailed from Prague’s cultural world (theatre and film) and were active too in the 1930s Czech movement for homosexual reform. Spanning the late twenties to the late thirties, the novels reveal tantalising glimpses of the evolving sub-culture of interwar Prague. Merlínová’s naïve novel of 1929, Exiles of Love, was the first Czech lesbian novel, and it betrayed the 1920s optimism of the ‘Czech New Woman’ who was prepared to challenge gender stereotypes. Sedláčková’s novel, The Third Sex, is a more explicit study from 1937, reflecting the more mature sub-culture but also a cynicism about the chances of homosexual reform. Yet it manages, even more than Exiles, to convey an uplifting and moral message. Indeed, both novels are about lesbian self-knowledge, exploring the scope for same-sex survival in a world where the best solution may be abroad, not in ‘provincial Prague’. In restoring these texts to lesbian literature we recover a range of voices, expressing the hopes and frustrations of some queer Czech women in an unusually liberal era.

Influence of Carnatic Vocal Training on Voice Measures in Males

Introduction: Training is an integral part of learning any skill. The vocal training helps singers attain proficiency as they are the most demanding vocal group of all professional voice users. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the influence of training on the singer’s voice. The current study objective was to investigate the influence of vocal training on voice measures (acoustic and aerodynamic) between male Carnatic singers with lower (6 months–5 years) and higher (6–10 years) training using novel task “mkaram” along with lyrical task. Methods: Group 1 consisted of 30 trained male Carnatic singers with lower vocal training, and group 2, thirty trained male singers with higher training in the age of 18–45 years. The acoustic (frequency-related parameter, cepstral, spectral, perturbation, and noise) and aerodynamic measures (maximum phonation time and s/z ratio) of voice were obtained. The test-retest reliability was conducted on a sample of 10% of the population from each group, with a 2-week interval between the tests. Cross-sectional study design was applied. Results: The statistical analysis revealed significantly decreased frequency-related parameters (semitones) such as the mean fundamental frequency, lowest fundamental frequency, highest fundamental frequency at the low register and the highest fundamental frequency at the middle register in group 2 during “mkaram” task (p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, one of the spectral-related measures 1st harmonic-2nd harmonic (dB) during lyrical task and one of the noise-related measure harmonic-to-noise ratio (dB) at the middle register during “mkaram” task showed a significant decrease in group 2 compared to group 1 (p ≤ 0.05). Test-retest reliability revealed that most of the parameters had “acceptable to excellent” internal consistency (Cronbach’s α >0.7 to 1). Conclusion: Few frequency and noise measures during “mkaram” task and a spectral measure during lyrical task showed to be sensitive in distinguishing the impact of vocal training on the voices of male Carnatic singers. The higher vocal training was found to help the singers to perform more efficiently with enhanced vocal range particularly in the low register and to some extent in the middle register. Indeed, the study highlighted the positive effects of vocal training on male Carnatic singers.

The bias beneath: analyzing drift in YouTube’s algorithmic recommendations

In today’s digital world, understanding how YouTube’s recommendation systems guide what we watch is crucial. This study dives into these systems, revealing how they influence the content we see over time. We found that YouTube’s algorithms tend to push content in certain directions, affecting the variety and type of videos recommended to viewers. To uncover these patterns, we used a mixed methods approach to analyze videos recommended by YouTube. We looked at the emotions conveyed in videos, the moral messages they might carry, and whether they contained harmful content. Our research also involved statistical analysis to detect biases in how these videos are recommended and network analysis to see how certain videos become more influential than others. Our findings show that YouTube’s algorithms can lead to a narrowing of the content landscape, limiting the diversity of what gets recommended. This has important implications for how information is spread and consumed online, suggesting a need for more transparency and fairness in how these algorithms work. In summary, this paper highlights the need for a more inclusive approach to how digital platforms recommend content. By better understanding the impact of YouTube’s algorithms, we can work towards creating a digital space that offers a wider range of perspectives and voices, affording fairness, and enriching everyone’s online experience.

An Unusual Case of Contralateral Hypoglossal and Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsies Following Endotracheal Intubation.

We present an unusual case of a 62-year-old male presenting with contralateral hypoglossal and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsies following endotracheal intubation for emergency cardiac surgery. Postoperative, the patient was referred to Speech and Language Therapy due to concerns regarding the safety of his swallow. Oromotor assessment revealed left-sided tongue weakness and aphonia. Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) revealed a right vocal cord palsy and severe oropharyngeal dysphagia. There were no other focal neurological signs. An MRI head did not demonstrate a medial medullary stroke or other intracranial lesion. CT neck showed no abnormality identified in relation to the course of the right vagus nerve or recurrent laryngeal nerve at the skull base or through the neck respectively. The patient required a gastrostomy for nutrition and hydration. He continued to be assessed at several month intervals over the course of a year using FEES to obtain a range of voice, secretion and swallowing outcome measures. The patient commenced intensive dysphagia therapy targeting pharyngeal drive, hyolaryngeal excursion and laryngeal sensation. Swallow manoeuvres were trialled during FEES and a head-turn to the side of the vocal cord palsy during deglutition reduced aspiration risk which expedited return to oral intake. The patient had partial recovery over twelve months. Hypoglossal nerve palsy completely resolved. The right vocal cord remained paralysed however the left vocal cord compensated enabling the patient to produce a normal voice. The patient was able to take thin fluids and regular diet and the gastrostomy was removed.

Nature's value and biodiversity ethics in a changing world: Insights from a special issue and questions for the future

Motivated by philosophical quandaries arising from environmental ethics and the moral philosophy of biodiversity, we convened a special issue of Biological Conservation entitled “Ethics and practice of biodiversity science: how hidden moral assumptions impact conservation research and policy,” inviting a range of expert voices to examine these questions from a variety of perspectives, backgrounds, and traditions. We sought to discover how many of the founding value statements of conservation biology were still current, and if new any ones had supplemented or replaced them. Broad initial momentum from a wide range of contributors soon met with the headwinds of the COVID-19 pandemic, but we eventually emerged with 34 global contributors representing a diverse array of viewpoints. The contributed pieces range from philosophical investigations of value in Nature, applied conservation ethics for endangered species, the rights and roles of Indigenous peoples, macroevolutionary processes of mass extinction, human well-being and social justice, the history of colonialism in conservation, and subtle cultural differences between global powers with respect to Nature. All speak to often unstated values in conservation science. Finally, we offer some questions of our own stemming from these contributions that might provide new or expanded avenues for investigation.

On the importance of diversity in ecological research

Societal Impact StatementProtecting diversity is critical to maintaining functional and adaptive ecosystems. However, research groups that explore these relationships tend to lack diversity themselves. To address the challenges of our changing world, it is crucial to consider a wide range of perspectives and knowledge. We propose that just as greater diversity in ecosystems relates to a variety of functions and, consequently, enhances resilience, stability, and efficiency, a comparable diversity within research teams results in a broader spectrum of creative endeavors. Thus, it is important to re‐evaluate our scientific communities' openness toward greater diversity to meet the diverse problems of our changing world.SummaryEcosystems face multiple threats, jeopardizing natural and human well‐being. Biodiversity loss can increase ecosystem vulnerability to global change, risking abrupt and irreversible changes. Protecting biodiversity can prevent ecosystems from crossing tipping points, preserving their functions and resilience, which sustain life on our planet. In addressing these challenges, society demands creativity, innovation, and diverse perspectives. Yet, our societal structures often neglect the full range of voices and experiences, limiting problem‐solving. Understanding how research teams with diverse demographics may stimulate creative solutions to global change challenges may help. In this context, we emphasize examples from plant ecology, where the advantages of diverse ecosystems are well recognized, and we draw an analogy of these features to the innovation of research teams. In ecosystems, biodiversity can maximize productivity and function but can also serve as a protective “insurance” against disruptions. Similarly, in a time of multifaceted environmental changes, diverse research groups play a critical and analogous role, resembling the biodiversity within ecosystems. Diverse research teams not only bring complementary strengths, fostering creative problem‐solving by embracing various perspectives, but also drive scientific innovation by integrating a wide range of research topics (e.g., ecosystems, taxa, and conservation priorities). These human‐centered dynamics are congruent with the mechanisms in ecosystems, with a diversity of solutions promoting resilience, stability, and efficiency, all of which ultimately provide a counterbalancing effect on global change. Much like biodiverse ecosystems, a diverse spectrum of knowledge, and expertise within the scientific community can enrich a dynamic landscape of innovation.

Exploring the Landscape of Social Epidemiological Research: A Scoping Review of AJE Publications.

As social epidemiology is a growing interdisciplinary field with a broad scope, this scoping review investigated its current landscape based on articles published in the American Journal of Epidemiology. Among 1,194 extracted records between 2013 and 2022 submitted under the "social" category, we identified 178 accepted articles that had a social factor as a primary exposure. We categorized social exposures into nine major domains, and health outcomes into eight domains. Study design, population, and authorship were also analyzed. Our findings indicate that social epi studies reflect a range of social exposures, including socioeconomic position (37%), neighborhood and built environment (20%), race, racism, and discrimination (16%), and policy and social welfare (12%). The most frequently studied health outcomes were non-communicable diseases and chronic conditions (42%), mental health (14%), and maternal and child health outcomes (11%). Most studies had quantitative observational designs and focused on high-income countries, particularly the U.S. contexts. Most authors appeared only once, suggesting a range of voices as contributors. Findings suggest that, to enhance knowledge, social epi could benefit from a greater representation of social factors beyond tangible resources, a broader range of health outcomes, study designs and populations, and low- and middle-income countries.

Festival of (Me)dia – Conference Report

The Festival of (Me)dia was a weekend long event (April 13th – 14th 2024) that took place as part of the larger ‘DIY TV: The History and Influence of the BBC’s Community Programmes Unit’ project which was made possible with support from the National Lottery Heritage Fund. The aim of the project is to preserve and disseminate the history of the Community Programmes Unit (CPU). From its formation in 1972, the CPU handed over creative and editorial control to non-professional participants, in order to extend the range of voices and issues being presented by the BBC. The Festival of (Me)dia provided a space for members of the CPU to talk about what it was like to be involved in the Unit as it developed over the 30 year period it was operational.

Optimization of noise rhythmizing parameters for musical road using finite element simulation

Vehicle noise pollution has recently attracted increasing attention. The concept of rhythmizing road noise, which generates musical notes while driving, has emerged as a potential solution for alleviating noise pollution and enhancing the driving experience. This study utilized a simulation method combining ABAQUS and MATLAB to develop a numerical model that describes the coupling between tires and road grooves. The results indicate that the average relative error between the frequency corresponding to the peak acoustic pressure level of the vibro-acoustic pressure model and the theoretically calculated frequency was only 2.4 %. Consequently, the parameter settings in the numerical model were coincided with the actual grooves on the road surface. Subsequently, the effects of various factors including vehicle speed, road groove spacing, road groove width, and road groove depth on the acoustic properties of musical roads were investigated. Finally, the optimal ranges of vehicle speed and road groove parameters were determined to enhance the musical features of musical roads. The optimal vehicle speed range for the designed musical road is 40–60 km/h, whereas the preferred depth range for the road grooves is 3–5 mm. Moreover, the road groove width should be set to a minimum of 20 mm. Specifically, the optimal combination of parameters for the road grooves is a groove depth of 4 mm and width of either 24 or 26 mm. Additionally, the optimal voice range and road groove parameters were justified using actual engineering projects. The results of this study can provide valuable insights for optimizing the design and construction of musical roads and promote their widespread application.

Landscape geographies: Interdisciplinary landscape research and a new framework to apply landscape as method

The landscape concept’s disciplinary ambiguity and its broad range of definitions have resulted in the term’s unruly reputation. More recent scholarship, however, suggests that the term’s interdisciplinary application challenges its contentious origins, creates new pathways for co-creation, and encourages more direct interventions in informing policy. I therefore suggest there is a growing realm of landscape geographies, exploring alternative ways of knowing and being in landscapes across broader spatial, temporal, and ontological scales. Given that it can be difficult to navigate the complicated matrix of landscape definitions, theories, and methodologies, I position landscape as a method and introduce a new model of landscape analysis that includes three overlapping approaches to investigate a landscape’s material, symbolic, and affective dimensions. I conclude that embracing a wider spectrum of landscape geographies will help to elevate a more diverse range of voices, inspiring interdisciplinary conversations that contend with landscape futures in a rapidly changing world.

Web 3.0 security: Backdoor attacks in federated learning-based automatic speaker verification systems in the 6G era

With the advent of Next-Generation Web 3.0 and the integration of 6G technologies, digital industrial applications are undergoing unprecedented transformations. Among these, the field of intelligent voice recognition, particularly Federated Learning-based Automatic Speaker Verification (FL-ASV) systems, stands out by collaboratively training robust ASV models across systems while protecting sensitive voiceprint data. However, the aspect of security within such systems is still largely unexplored and presents potential vulnerabilities. To bridge this gap, we design a voiceprint-driven backdoor attack for FL-ASV, termed FedCTS. Concretely, we employ contrastive learning techniques to significantly improve the feature extraction process for individual speakers. This enhancement not only maintains the inherent performance of FL-ASV systems but also introduces a level of complexity that can mislead even the most skilled defenders. Furthermore, we intricately obfuscate the triggers by subtly embedding voice and backdoor clips within the utterances. This is achieved by dividing the utterances into chronological segments through a meticulously devised time-series injection strategy, thereby ensuring the triggers remain undetectable. Additionally, we have conceptualized a unique defense mechanism tailored to counter such attacks. This defense mechanism operates by scrutinizing the speaker’s frequencies and filtering out any suspicious frequencies that fall outside the normal range of human voice, helping to mitigate the risk of backdoor attacks without compromising the system’s functionality. In the context of the fast-evolving digitalized industrial landscape, our attack strategy, FedCTS, has demonstrated a significant improvement in effectiveness. It achieves an average increase of 7.03% in the attack success rate when compared to existing state-of-the-art methods.

대중가요 보컬 전공 남학생의 성종에 따른 모음 간 음역 차이*

대중가요 보컬 전공 남학생의 성종에 따른 모음 간 음역 차이*

NÂNG CAO CHẤT LƯỢNG GIỌNG HÁT THÔNG QUA MỞ RỘNG ÂM VỰC CHO SINH VIÊN NGÀNH THANH NHẠC TẠI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC VĂN HÓA, THỂ THAO VÀ DU LỊCH THANH HÓA

In vocal music, the singer's performance ability is often considered a "living instrument". However, a singer has not only a voice, but also a long training process to meet the high criteria of a professional voice. Expanding vocal range is an important requirement when teaching and learning Vocal Music. A voice that cannot expand its vocal range will be limited in expressing a variety of songs in different genres. A voice that cannot expand its vocal range will be limited in expressing a variety of songs in different genres. With a song that has a high or low range, a singer with a wide range will perform best. Limited vocal range will make the voice unprofessional and unable to meet the performance requirements of the work. Therefore, during the teaching process, teachers need to focus on training to expand students' vocal range.

Analysis of the artistic characteristics and singing of the aria “Ritorna Vincitor”

Verdi’s four-act opera “Aida” has achieved great success since its premiere in Cairo on December 24, 1871 and it remains a staple in major opera houses worldwide. The work poses significant demands on dramatic sopranos, specifically with its wide vocal range and intense dramatic conflicts. Analyzing its artistic characteristics and singing techniques helps vocal performers continuously improve their singing level and ability to portray characters, providing valuable references for vocal students. This paper uses “Ritorna vincitor” as an example, employing literature research, music analysis, and stage practice to introduce Verdi’s compositional techniques and style, and to study the piece from multiple angles such as form, harmony, mode, rhythm, melody, language, and stage performance, finally combining research with stage practice.

Effects on Voice Quality of Thyroidectomy: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study Using Voice Maps

ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the effects of thyroidectomy - a surgical intervention involving the removal of the thyroid gland—on voice quality, as represented by acoustic and electroglottographic measures. Given the thyroid gland's proximity to the inferior and superior laryngeal nerves, thyroidectomy carries a potential risk of affecting vocal function. While earlier studies have documented effects on the voice range, few studies have looked at voice quality after thyroidectomy. Since voice quality effects could manifest in many ways, that a priori are unknown, we wish to apply an exploratory approach that collects many data points from several metrics. MethodsA voice-mapping analysis paradigm was applied retrospectively on a corpus of spoken and sung sentences produced by patients who had had thyroid surgery. Voice quality changes were assessed objectively for 57 patients prior to surgery and two months after surgery, by making comparative voice maps, pre- and post-intervention, of six acoustic and electroglottographic (EGG) metrics. ResultsAfter thyroidectomy, statistically significant changes consistent with a worsening of voice quality were observed in most metrics. For all individual metrics, however, the effect sizes were too small to be clinically relevant. Statistical clustering of the metrics helped to clarify the nature of these changes. While partial thyroidectomy demonstrated greater uniformity than did total thyroidectomy, the type of perioperative damage had no discernible impact on voice quality. ConclusionsChanges in voice quality after thyroidectomy were related mostly to increased phonatory instability in both the acoustic and EGG metrics. Clustered voice metrics exhibited a higher correlation to voice complaints than did individual voice metrics.

Leaning Into the Liminal: A Guide for Counselors and Companions (2024). Edited by Timothy L. Carson. ⁠The Liminality Press. ISBN: ‏9798989164004

Liminality is a concept that straddles various domains of thought and practice. In the context of human suffering the concept has much to offer clinical practitioners who work with clients undergoing significant life changes. In Leaning Into the Liminal: A Guide for Counselors and Companions (2024a), editor Dr. Timothy L. Carson facilitates a range of voices exploring the meanings and uses of liminality. Carson is a pastor who completed his doctoral research on liminality and now heads the Liminality Project at the University of Missouri. The concept of liminality is treated in the text as a description of how people move through the disorientating passage from what is known, through unknowing, and into the new. Individuals traverse such passages when they experience key changes in life. Protocols for supporting this movement are a valuable part of the discussions in this book. The book is organised into sections dealing with liminality in clinical practice, recovery from war (including in Ukraine), spiritual direction, and dying. This exploration will be helpful to counsellors, psychotherapists, and practitioners who are unfamiliar with this liminal perspective on human experience. Some of the contributions to the book are tender and intimate in a way that supports a deepening engagement with these essential life transitions.

The suitability of a singing repertoire for children’s vocal range in third-grade music lessons in general education schools

Artikli autori eesmärk on empiiriliselt uurida algkoolilapse lauluhääle omadusi ja varieeruvust ning vaadelda olemasolevate muusikaõpikute repertuaari sobivust. Töö meetodiks on kolmanda klassi õpilaste hääleulatuse profiili mõõtmine, millega on võimalik kindlaks määrata hääle kõrguslik ja dünaamiline ulatus kõigil nootidel. HUP-ide tulemusi võrreldakse muusikaõpikutes kasutusel oleva repertuaari tessiturogrammidega, kus on kokku loetud igale noodikõrgusele vastavate nootide arv laulus. Tulemustest selgub, et Eesti kooli kolmanda klassi muusikaõpikutes leidub piisaval hulgal lastele mugava tessituuriga laule, kuid osale lastest need hääle eripära tõttu ei sobi. Hea lahendus on see, kui õpetaja kasutab muusikatunnis rohkem relatiivses süsteemis kirjutatud laule ja mudellaule, mis on oma tessituuride poolest vähem mahukad. Summary

Islamic Ethics and Nutrigenomics: A Methodological Approach to Constructing a Theoretical Framework

Individualised nutrition based on knowledge of nutrigenomics is becoming a major scientific and health interest subject worldwide. Still, it adds a layer of complexity that may benefit and harm the social aspects of eating. In the case of advancing the knowledge of gene–nutrient interactions and other scientific disciplines, all religious communities of the world, including Muslims, have statements of principles that express the identity and commitment defining one community from others. To properly develop a religiously acceptable framework that encompasses important aspects of the Islamic tradition, indirect input from Islamic scientific philosophers, scholars, luminaries and source materials is required. Without trying to be thorough, this work addresses that need and provides new opportunities for future research and publishing in Islamic ethics, genome, and food (nature). It also analyses Muslim scholars’ arguments and deliberations on the ethical framework that extends beyond the binary dichotomy between right and wrong (al-ʾamr bi al-maʿrūf wa al-nahy ʿan al-munkar) in Islamic jurisprudence. This qualitative study utilised a range of Islamic intellectual voices to build a theoretical framework of Islamic ethics in nutrigenomics based on constructivist grounded theory as the broader research approach. Constant conversation between nutrigenomics (modern science) and Islamic ethics is suggested to help Muslims grasp this dialectic better. It is only by taking a more comprehensive view incorporating theological, spiritual, jurisprudential, and social dimensions that one can make a stronger case and construct a foundational theoretical framework to build applications of Islamic ethics in nutrigenomics. Likewise, a systematic approach to developing a framework anchored in these sources is required to properly place the area of Islamic ethics in nutrigenomics and pave the way for future research on indigenous intervention development.

In-depth analysis of pre- and postoperative functional outcome parameters in patients receiving laryngotracheal surgery.

Surgical treatment for airway stenosis necessitates personalized techniques based on the stenosis location and length, leading to favourable surgical outcomes. However, there is limited literature on functional outcomes following laryngotracheal surgery with an adequate number of patients. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent laryngotracheal surgery at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, from January 2017 to June 2021. The study included standardized functional assessments before and after surgery, encompassing spirometry, voice measurements, swallowing evaluation and subjective patient perception. The study comprised 45 patients with an average age of 51.9 ± 15.9 years, of whom 89% were female, with idiopathic being the most common aetiology (67%). Procedures included standard cricotracheal resection in 11%, cricotracheal resection with dorsal mucosal flap in 49%, cricotracheal resection with dorsal mucosal flap and lateral cricoplasty in 24% and single-stage laryngotracheal reconstruction in 16%. There were no in-hospital mortalities or restenosis cases during the mean follow-up period of 20.8 ± 13.2 months. Swallowing function remained intact in all patients. Voice evaluations showed a decrease in fundamental vocal pitch [203 (81-290) Hz vs 150 (73-364) Hz, P < 0.001] and dynamic voice range (23.5 ± 5.8 semitones vs 17.8 ± 6.7 semitones, P < 0.001). However, no differences in voice volume were observed (60.0 ± 4.1 dB vs 60.2 ± 4.8 dB, P = 0.788). The overall predicted voice profile changed from R0B0H0 to R1B0H1. Laryngotracheal surgery proves effective in fully restoring breathing capacity while preserving vocal function. Even in cases of high-grade and complex airway stenosis necessitating laryngotracheal reconstruction, favourable functional outcomes can be achieved.